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Anti-vaccinationism In Chiropractic
Anti-vaccinationism in chiropractic is widespread, but there are notable differences within the trade. Chiropractic is a form of alternative medicine founded on the idea that all disease is caused by disruption of the flow of "innate" (or innate intelligence) in the spine, by so-called vertebral subluxations – a pseudoscientific concept. Over time chiropractic has divided into "straights" who adhere to the subluxation theory and "mixers" who adhere more closely to a reality-based view of anatomy. "Straight" chiropractors are very likely to be anti-vaccination, but all chiropractic training tends to reduce acceptance of vaccines. Chiropractic anti-vaccinationism has led to negative impacts on both public health and mainstream acceptance of chiropractic. Details Most chiropractic writings on vaccination focus on its alleged negative aspects, claiming that vaccination is hazardous, ineffective, and unnecessary. This is done despite an enormous body of legitimate studies, pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiropractic
Chiropractic is a form of alternative medicine concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially of the spine. It has esoteric origins and is based on several pseudoscientific ideas. Many chiropractors, especially those in the field's early history, have proposed that mechanical disorders of the joints, especially of the spine, affect general health, and that regular manipulation of the spine ( spinal adjustment) improves general health. The main chiropractic treatment technique involves manual therapy, especially manipulation of the spine, other joints, and soft tissues, but may also include exercises and health and lifestyle counseling. AHCPR Pub No. 98-N002. A chiropractor may have a Doctor of Chiropractic, Doctor of Chiropractic (D.C.) degree and be referred to as "doctor" but is not a Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Medicine (M.D.). While many chiropractors view themselves as primary care providers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alternative Medicine
Alternative medicine is any practice that aims to achieve the healing effects of medicine despite lacking biological plausibility, testability, repeatability, or evidence from clinical trials. Complementary medicine (CM), complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), integrated medicine or integrative medicine (IM), and holistic medicine attempt to combine alternative practices with those of mainstream medicine. Alternative therapies share in common that they reside outside of medical science and instead rely on pseudoscience. Traditional practices become "alternative" when used outside their original settings and without proper scientific explanation and evidence. Frequently used derogatory terms for relevant practices are ''new age'' or ''pseudo-'' medicine, with little distinction from quackery. Some alternative practices are based on theories that contradict the established science of how the human body works; others resort to the supernatural or superstitious to explain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertebral Column
The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is part of the axial skeleton. The vertebral column is the defining characteristic of a vertebrate in which the notochord (a flexible rod of uniform composition) found in all chordata, chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of bone: vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs. Individual vertebrae are named according to their region and position, and can be used as anatomical landmarks in order to guide procedures such as Lumbar puncture, lumbar punctures. The vertebral column houses the spinal canal, a cavity that encloses and protects the spinal cord. There are about 50,000 species of animals that have a vertebral column. The human vertebral column is one of the most-studied examples. Many different diseases in humans can affect the spine, with spina bifida and scoliosis being recognisable examples. The general structure of human vertebrae is fairly typical of that found in mammals, reptiles, and birds. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertebral Subluxations
In chiropractic, a vertebral subluxation means pressure on nerves, abnormal functions creating a lesion in some portion of the body, either in its action or makeup (defined by D.D. Palmer and B.J. Palmer, founders of chiropractic). Subluxations are not necessarily visible on X-rays. Straight chiropractors continue to follow Palmer's tradition, claiming that vertebral subluxation has considerable health effects and also adding a visceral component to the definition. Mainstream medicine and some mixer chiropractors consider these ideas to be pseudoscientific and dispute these claims, as there is no scientific evidence for the existence of chiropractic subluxations or proof they or their treatment have any effects on health. The use of the word ''vertebral subluxation'' should not be confused with the term's precise usage in medicine, which considers only the anatomical relationships."Haldeman, Chapman-Smith, PetersenGuidelines for chiropractic quality assurance and practice pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method. Pseudoscience is often characterized by contradictory, exaggerated or falsifiability, unfalsifiable claims; reliance on confirmation bias rather than rigorous attempts at refutation; lack of openness to Peer review, evaluation by other experts; absence of systematic practices when developing Hypothesis, hypotheses; and continued adherence long after the pseudoscientific hypotheses have been experimentally discredited. The demarcation problem, demarcation between science and pseudoscience has scientific, philosophical, and political implications. Philosophers debate the nature of science and the general criteria for drawing the line between scientific theory, scientific theories and pseudoscientific beliefs, but there is general agreement on examples such as ancient astronauts, climate change denial, dowsing, evolution denial, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrew Wakefield
Andrew Jeremy Wakefield (born September 3, 1956) is a British anti-vaccine activist, former physician, and discredited academic who was struck off the medical register for his involvement in ''The Lancet'' MMR autism fraud, a 1998 study that falsely claimed a link between the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism. He has subsequently become known for anti-vaccination activism. Publicity around the 1998 study caused a sharp decline in vaccination uptake, leading to a number of outbreaks of measles around the world. He was a surgeon on the liver transplant programme at the Royal Free Hospital in London and became senior lecturer and honorary consultant in experimental gastroenterology at the Royal Free and University College School of Medicine. He resigned from his positions there in 2001, "by mutual agreement", then moved to the United States. In 2004, Wakefield co-founded and began working at the Thoughtful House research center (now renamed Johnson Center for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Chiropractic Association
The American Chiropractic Association (ACA), based in Arlington, Virginia, represents doctors of chiropractic. Its mission is to inspire and empower its members to elevate the health and wellness of their communities. Purpose and mission The mission of the American Chiropractic Association (ACA) is to inspire and empower its members to elevate the health and wellness of their communities. To this end, ACA leads the chiropractic profession in the most constructive and far-reaching ways—by working hand in hand with other healthcare professionals, by lobbying for pro-chiropractic legislation and policies, by supporting meaningful research and by using that research to inform treatment practices. ACA also provides professional and educational opportunities for its members and is committed to being a positive and unifying force for the practice of modern chiropractic. Overview The American Chiropractic Association (ACA) was founded in 1922, and in 1930 merged with the Universal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Chiropractors Association
The International Chiropractors Association (ICA) was founded by B.J. Palmer in 1926 in Davenport, Iowa, US. Palmer served as it President until his death in 1961. Membership The ICA, along with the American Chiropractic Association, is listed as a national chiropractic association representing the United States at the World Federation of Chiropractic, with representation on the executive council. It has individual members all over the world who pay dues, and in that sense they remain "international". Today, its membership is estimated at about one fifth that of the only other major national chiropractic association, the American Chiropractic Association. Memberships can be estimated by the dues paid to the World Federation of Chiropractic, which publishes the total amount it receives from its member associations. Councils The ICA, through its various Councils, provides continuing education programs for DCs, which lead to diplomate programs. Their Councils include: * ICA Council o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College
Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC) is a Canadian private chiropractic school located in the North York district of Toronto, founded in 1945. CMCC is a registered charitable not-for-profit corporation and receives no direct government funding. It awards Doctor of Chiropractic degrees under ministerial consent from the provincial Ministry of Colleges and Universities. Education CMCC's Doctor of Chiropractic program, a post-secondary professional educational program, is accredited by the Council on Chiropractic Education Canada of the Federation of Canadian Chiropractic Regulatory and Educational Accrediting Boards. Undergraduate CMCC's undergraduate program is a second entry degree program. It is offered to qualified applicants who have completed at least three years of university level education prior to their admission. The curriculum consists of 4,200+ hours of education broken into four years of study. The first two years of study emphasize foundational biologi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States District Court For The Southern District Of Ohio
The United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio (in case citations, S.D. Ohio) is one of two United States district courts in Ohio and includes forty-eight of the state's eighty-eight counties–everything from the Columbus area southward. Appeals from the court are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit at Cincinnati (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit). The United States Attorney's Office of the Southern District of Ohio represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. , the United States Attorney is Kenneth L. Parker. Divisions The court is divided into two divisions. Eastern Division The Eastern Division, which sits in the Joseph P. Kinneary United States Courthouse at Columbus, serves the counties of Athens, Belmont, Coshocton, Delaware, Fairfield, Fayette, Franklin, Gallia, Guernsey, Harrison, Hocking, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Carolina Court Of Appeals
The North Carolina Court of Appeals (in case citation, N.C. Ct. App.) is the only intermediate appellate court in the state of North Carolina. It is composed of fifteen members who sit in rotating panels of three. The Court of Appeals was created by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1967 after voters approved a constitutional amendment in 1965 which "authorized the creation of an intermediate court of appeals to relieve pressure on the North Carolina Supreme Court." Judges serve eight-year terms and are elected in statewide elections. The General Assembly made Court of Appeals elections non-partisan starting with the 2004 elections, but later made them partisan again after the 2016 elections. Current judges There are currently 11 Republicans and 4 Democrats. Notes: Former judges A partial list of former judges is listed below:,Older Link for N.C. Supreme Court Historical Society * Lucy Inman * Darren Jackson * Christopher Brook * Wanda Bryant * Linda McGee * Reu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Chiropractors Association
The Australian Chiropractors Association (ACA), founded in 1990 as the Chiropractors' Association of Australia (CAA), is the largest association of chiropractors and chiropractic students in Australia. Following a restructure of the Association into a single entity, on 28 May 2018 the name was changed to the Australian Chiropractors Association. Chiropractic has been widely discredited by mainstream academia and is regarded as pseudoscience and a form of complementary and alternative medicine. Mission The ACA's stated mission is to provide leadership and facilitate unity and excellence within the profession. It aims to assist members in delivering patient-centred, holistic, natural, competent, and effective health care. The ACA also claims to engage with stakeholders including governments, academic institutions, media, and the public, as well as, facilitate and promote communication between members and non-members. They further state that they wish to develop and promote chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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