|
Anti-theft System
Anti-theft systems protect valuables such as vehicles and personal property like wallets, phones, and jewelry. They are also used in retail settings to protect merchandise in the form of security tags and labels. Anti-theft systems include devices such as locks and keys, RFID tags, and GPS locators. Anti-theft Under normal circumstances, theft is prevented simply through the application, and social acceptance, of property law. The best anti-theft device ownership-marking, e.g. license plates, name tags, RFID. When clear owner identification is not possible, and when there is a lack of social observance, people may be inclined to take possession of items to their own benefit at the expense of the original owner. ''Motive'' and ''opportunity'' are two enabling factors for theft. Given that motives for theft are varied and complex, and are, generally speaking, not within the control of the victim, most methods of theft prevention rely on reducing opportunities for theft. Motive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Locks-and-keys
Locks-and-keys is a solution to dangling pointers in computer programming languages. The locks-and-keys approach represents pointers as ordered pairs (key, address) where the key is an integer value. Heap-dynamic variables are represented as the storage for the variable plus a cell for an integer lock value. When a variable is allocated, a ''lock value'' is created and placed both into the variable's cell and into the pointer's key cell. Every access to the pointer compares these two values, and access is allowed only if the values match. When a variable is deallocated, the key of its pointer is modified to hold a value different from the variable's cell. From then on, any attempt to dereference the pointer can be flagged as an error. Since copying a pointer also copies its cell value, changing the key of the ordered pair safely disables all copies of the pointer. See also * Tombstone (programming) Tombstones are a mechanism to detect dangling pointers and mitigate the problems th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passive Immobilizer
An immobiliser or immobilizer is an electronic security device fitted to a motor vehicle that prevents the engine from being started unless the correct key (''transponder'' or ''smart key'') is present. This prevents the vehicle from being " hot wired" after entry has been achieved and thus reduces motor vehicle theft. Research shows that the uniform application of immobilisers reduced the rate of car theft by 40%. Description The electric immobiliser/alarm system was invented by St. George Evans and Edward Birkenbuel and patented in 1919. They developed a 3x3 grid of double-contact switches on a panel mounted inside the car so when the ignition switch was activated, current from the battery (or magneto) went to the spark plugs allowing the engine to start, or immobilizing the vehicle and sounding the horn. The system settings could be changed each time the car was driven. Modern immobiliser systems are automatic, meaning the owner does not have to remember to activate it. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime Prevention
Crime prevention is the attempt to reduce and deter crime and criminals. It is applied specifically to efforts made by governments to reduce crime, enforce the law, and maintain criminal justice. Studies Criminologists, commissions, and research bodies such as the World Health Organization, United Nations, the United States National Research Council, the UK Audit Commission have analyzed their and others' research on what lowers rates of interpersonal crime. They agree that governments must go beyond law enforcement and criminal justice to tackle the risk factors that cause crime, because it is more cost effective and leads to greater social benefits than the standard ways of responding to crime. Multiple opinion polls also confirm public support for investment in prevention. Waller uses these materials in '' Less Law, More Order'' to propose specific measures to reduce crime as well as a crime bill. The ''World Health Organization Guide'' (2004) complements the ''World Report on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steering-wheel Lock
A steering-wheel lock is a visible anti-theft deviceSeelhorst, Mary"Think It's New? Think Again!" March 2002.''Popular Mechanics'', Retrieved 8 February 2017. that immobilizes the steering wheel of a car. Also known as a crook lock, or club lock, the first generation of steering-wheel locks, known as canes,Raven, Greg & Chad Erickson (2011)''Water-Cooled VW Performance Handbook: 3rd Edition'', p. 192. MBI Publishing Company.Google Books. Retrieved 8 February 2017. consisted of a lockable bar that connected the steering wheel to the brake pedal or clutch pedal. Later models include devices which lock across the steering wheel and extend out over the dashboardPhillips, Bill (1993)''Home Mechanix Guide to Security: Protecting Your Home, Car, & Family'', p. 124. Wiley.Google Books. Retrieved 8 February 2017. preventing the steering wheel from being turned. Wheel-locks have been used since at least the early 1920s, when many cars were open touring cars and roadsters (later known as co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danish Bicycle VIN-system
The Danish bicycle VIN-system is a system introduced in 1942 by the Danish government, providing all bicycles in Denmark with a unique code. The VIN code is a combination of letters and digits embedded into the bicycle frame and consists of a manufacturer code, a serial number, and construction year code. Since 1948, it has been illegal to sell bicycle frames in Denmark without an embedded VIN. Because of this, insurance companies in Denmark will not pay indemnities for stolen bicycles without a VIN. Location of the VIN By default, the VIN is to be engraved into the seat tube or the down tube, but if these are made of such a material that hinders this, it may alternately be put on the bottom bracket shell. In very special instances, and only with the approval of the Danish National Police Commissioner’s Office, it may be applied by other means and on other locations. Components of the VIN The bicycle VIN is constructed of three elements: a letter-block, a digit-block a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phone Home
In computing, phoning home is a term often used to refer to the behavior of security systems that report network location, username, or other such data to another computer. Phoning home may be useful for the proprietor in tracking a missing or stolen computer. This type of phoning home is frequently used on mobile computers at corporations. It typically involves a software agent which is difficult to detect or remove. However, there are malicious types of phoning homes such as surreptitious communication between applications or hardware installed at end-user sites and their manufacturers or developers. The traffic may be encrypted to make it difficult or impractical for the end-user to determine what data are being transmitted. The Stuxnet attack on Iran's nuclear facilities was facilitated by phone home technology as reported by The New York Times. Legal phoning home There are some uses for the phoning home practice that are legal in some countries. For example, phoning home cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SmartWater (forensic)
SmartWater is a traceable liquid and forensic asset marking system (taggant) that is applied to items of value to identify thieves and deter theft. The liquid leaves a long-lasting and unique identifier, whose presence is invisible except under an ultraviolet black light. History SmartWater, the forensic technology company, was started in the early 1990s by Phil Cleary, a British police officer who served for approximately ten years working in various specialist departments before leaving the force in his 30s to start his own security company. His brother Mike Cleary, a Chartered Chemist and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, created SmartWater. Mike was responsible for the development of the technology, whereas Phil created the deterrence and business strategies. In 1996, SmartWater gained a national profile when the Clearys won the Prince of Wales Award for Innovation for the 'product with most commercial potential' on BBC's Tomorrow's World. Composition SmartW ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SelectaDNA
SelectaDNA is a forensic property marking system used as part of crime prevention strategies for businesses and residential properties. SelectaDNA offers a full range of property and offender marking products combining its unique DNA coding with microdot technology. SelectaDNA is a Police-approved Secured By Design product with no annual licence fees. SelectaDNA is used to ‘tag’ valuable property, infrastructure and criminals and is available in a number of formats including vehicle marking solutions (combining DNA and microdot technology), Defence Sprays to deter anti-social behaviour and moped-enabled crime, SelectaDNA Trace for metal protection and Intruder Sprays for robbery prevention and transport protection. Formats for covert operations include transferable Gels, Grease and Trespass Beads. SelectaDNA not only reduces crime but also enables Police to link criminals to crime scenes and secure convictions. One use is in protecting farm equipment; in the event that any i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronic Article Surveillance
Electronic article surveillance is a technological method for preventing shoplifting from retail stores, pilferage of books from libraries or removal of properties from office buildings. Special tags are fixed to merchandise; these tags are removed or deactivated by the clerks when the item is properly bought or checked out. At the exits of the store, a detection system sounds an alarm or otherwise alerts the staff when it senses active tags. Some stores also have detection systems at the entrance to the restrooms that sound an alarm if someone tries to take unpaid merchandise with them into the restroom. For high-value goods that are to be manipulated by the patrons, wired alarm clips called spider wrap may be used instead of tags. History Surveillance tags that could be attached to items in stores were first invented by Arthur Minasy in 1966. Initially the concept of pilferage becoming a real concern to retailers started in 1964 when a requirement was raised by a retailer in Ohi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immobilizer
An immobiliser or immobilizer is an electronic security device fitted to a motor vehicle that prevents the engine from being started unless the correct key (''transponder'' or ''smart key'') is present. This prevents the vehicle from being " hot wired" after entry has been achieved and thus reduces motor vehicle theft. Research shows that the uniform application of immobilisers reduced the rate of car theft by 40%. Description The electric immobiliser/alarm system was invented by St. George Evans and Edward Birkenbuel and patented in 1919. They developed a 3x3 grid of double-contact switches on a panel mounted inside the car so when the ignition switch was activated, current from the battery (or magneto) went to the spark plugs allowing the engine to start, or immobilizing the vehicle and sounding the horn. The system settings could be changed each time the car was driven. Modern immobiliser systems are automatic, meaning the owner does not have to remember to activate it. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RFID Tag
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. An RFID system consists of a tiny radio transponder, a radio receiver and transmitter. When triggered by an electromagnetic interrogation pulse from a nearby RFID reader device, the tag transmits digital data, usually an identifying inventory number, back to the reader. This number can be used to track inventory goods. Passive tags are powered by energy from the RFID reader's interrogating radio waves. Active tags are powered by a battery and thus can be read at a greater range from the RFID reader, up to hundreds of meters. Unlike a barcode, the tag does not need to be within the line of sight of the reader, so it may be embedded in the tracked object. RFID is one method of automatic identification and data capture (AIDC). RFID tags are used in many industries. For example, an RFID tag attached to an automobile during production can be used to track it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engine Control Module
An engine control unit (ECU), also commonly called an engine control module (ECM), is a type of electronic control unit that controls a series of actuators on an internal combustion engine to ensure optimal engine performance. It does this by reading values from a multitude of sensors within the engine bay, interpreting the data using multidimensional performance maps (called lookup tables), and adjusting the engine actuators. Before ECUs, air–fuel mixture, ignition timing, and idle speed were mechanically set and dynamically controlled by mechanical and pneumatic means. If the ECU has control over the fuel lines, then it is referred to as an electronic engine management system (EEMS). The fuel injection system has the major role of controlling the engine's fuel supply. The whole mechanism of the EEMS is controlled by a stack of sensors and actuators. Workings Control of air–fuel ratio Most modern engines use some type of fuel injection to deliver fuel to the cylinde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
