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Anopheles Macarthuri
''Anopheles'' () is a genus of mosquito first described and named by J. W. Meigen in 1818. About 460 species are recognised; while over 100 can transmit human malaria, only 30–40 commonly transmit parasites of the genus ''Plasmodium'', which cause malaria in humans in endemic areas. ''Anopheles gambiae'' is one of the best known, because of its predominant role in the transmission of the most dangerous malaria parasite species (to humans) – ''Plasmodium falciparum''. The name comes from the Ancient Greek word 'useless', derived from , 'not', 'un-' and 'profit'. Mosquitoes in other genera ('' Aedes'', '' Culex'', ''Culiseta'', ''Haemagogus'', and '' Ochlerotatus'') can also serve as vectors of disease agents, but not human malaria. Evolution The ancestors of ''Drosophila'' and the mosquitoes diverged . The culicine and ''Anopheles'' clades of mosquitoes diverged between and . The Old and New World ''Anopheles'' species subsequently diverged between and . ''Anophele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anopheles Stephensi
''Anopheles stephensi'' is a primary mosquito vector of malaria in urban India and is included in the same subgenus as ''Anopheles gambiae'', the primary malaria vector in Africa. ''A. gambiae'' consists of a complex of morphologically identical species of mosquitoes, along with all other major malaria vectors; however, ''A. stephensi'' has not yet been included in any of these complexes. Nevertheless, two races of ''A. stephensi'' exist based on differences in egg dimensions and the number of ridges on the eggs; ''A. s. stephensi'' ''sensu stricto'', the type form, is a competent malaria vector that takes place in urban areas, and ''A. s. mysorensis'', the variety form, exists in rural areas and exhibits considerable zoophilic behaviour, making it a poor malaria vector. However, ''A. s. mysorensis'' is a detrimental vector in Iran.Sinka, M.E., Bangs, M.J., Manguin, S., Chareonviriyaphap, T., Patil, A.P., Temperley, W.H., Gething, P. W., Elyazar, I.R.F., Kabaria, C.W., Harbach, R. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anopheles Funestus
''Anopheles funestus'' is a species of mosquito in the Culicidae family. This species was first described in 1900 by Giles. The female is attracted to houses where it seeks out humans in order to feed on their blood, mostly during the night. This mosquito is a major vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Distribution and habitat ''Anopheles funestus'' is found in tropical sub-Saharan Africa, its range extending from Senegal to Ethiopia, Angola, South Africa and Madagascar. Breeding takes place in water, any permanent or semi-permanent body of fresh water with some emergent vegetation being suitable, including swamps, lake verges, ponds and rice paddies. The larvae inhabit both sunlit and shaded locations, the vegetation probably being effective in reducing predation. In the Sahel, increased aridity has moved the northern limit of its range southward by about . Although it is considered to be a single species, part of a species complex, it shows some anomalies of behaviour ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. Symptoms usually begin ten to fifteen days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. If not properly treated, people may have recurrences of the disease months later. In those who have recently survived an infection, reinfection usually causes milder symptoms. This partial resistance disappears over months to years if the person has no continuing exposure to malaria. Malaria is caused by single-celled microorganisms of the ''Plasmodium'' group. It is spread exclusively through bites of infected ''Anopheles'' mosquitoes. The mosquito bite introduces the parasites from the mosquito's saliva into a person's blood. The parasites travel to the liver where they mature and reproduce. Five species of ''Plasmodium'' can infect and be spread by h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosquito
Mosquitoes (or mosquitos) are members of a group of almost 3,600 species of small flies within the family Culicidae (from the Latin ''culex'' meaning " gnat"). The word "mosquito" (formed by ''mosca'' and diminutive ''-ito'') is Spanish for "little fly". Mosquitoes have a slender segmented body, one pair of wings, one pair of halteres, three pairs of long hair-like legs, and elongated mouthparts. The mosquito life cycle consists of egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. Eggs are laid on the water surface; they hatch into motile larvae that feed on aquatic algae and organic material. These larvae are important food sources for many freshwater animals, such as dragonfly nymphs, many fish, and some birds such as ducks. The adult females of most species have tube-like mouthparts (called a proboscis) that can pierce the skin of a host and feed on blood, which contains protein and iron needed to produce eggs. Thousands of mosquito species feed on the blood of various hosts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anopheles Walkeri
''Anopheles walkeri'' is a species of mosquito found predominantly throughout the Mississippi River Valley, with its habitat ranging as far north as southern Quebec, Canada. The eggs of ''A. walkeri'' are laid directly on the water surface in freshwater swamp habitats. Since its eggs are not resistant to desiccation, this species is restricted to swampy regions with plenty of water. ''Anopheles walkeri'', as with many other anophelines, begins to become active later in the evening than most other mosquito species in its range. This species becomes especially active late at night when in search of a blood meal. Feeding activity is affected greatly by environmental conditions within its microclimate. Wind, low humidity and cool temperatures (around and below), are all negatively correlated with feeding aggression. Life cycle ''Anopheles walkeri'' has a multivoltine life cycle. It produces a hardy winter egg which differs morphologically from the more vulnerable summer eggs by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anopheles Sundaicus
''Anopheles sundaicus'' is a zoophilic mosquito of southeast Asia. Species complex Sukowati et al. 1999 finds there to be several cryptic species in an ''An. sundaicus'' complex. They use protein electrophoresis to reveal populations defined by their characteristic allozymes. Hosts Hosts include ''Bubalus bubalis''. Kumari et al. 1993 finds ''An. sundaicus'' exclusively feeding on ''B. bubalis'' on Car Nicobar Island, Moorhouse and Wharton 1965 finds the same in Malaysia and Gould et al. 1966 in Thailand. Control Insecticide ''Sargassum wightii'' and ''Bacillus thuringiensis'' var. ''israelensis'' can be combined to produce antifeedant, insecticidal and growth inhibitor effects. Insecticide resistance Early studies of the inheritance of insecticide resistance were performed by Davidson 1957 and Soerono et al. 1965. Davidson 1957 found ''An. sundaicus'' DDT resistance was provided by only a single allele An allele (, ; ; modern formation from Greek ἄλλος ''állos'', " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anopheles Subpictus
''Anopheles (Cellia) subpictus'' is a species complex of four species (A, B, C and D) of mosquito belonging to the genus ''Anopheles''. Subgenus classification The genus ''Anopheles'' has been subdivided into seven subgenera – ''Anopheles'', '' Baimaia'', '' Cellia'', '' Kerteszia'', '' Lophopodomyia'', '' Nyssorhynchus'' and ''Stethomyia'' – based primarily on the number and positions of specialized setae on the gonocoxites of the male genitalia. Within the subgenus but above the level of species a number of additional taxonomic ranks have been created. While not officially recognised they are in widespread use. The full classification of this species complex is: *Subgenus Cellia *Series Pyretophorus *Complex ''Anopheles subpictus'' Bionomics The larvae are typically found in fresh water or rainwater pools often near urban peripheries or rural houses. They are also found in barrow pits, buffalo wallows and artificial containers. Species B is the only species restricte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anopheles Punctipennis
''Anopheles punctipennis'' is a species of mosquito in genus ''Anopheles''. It is native to North America.''Anopheles punctipennis''. Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. The e of this species can be found many kinds of natural and artificial water bodies, especially cool, clear waters such as streams. Females feed on blood, including the blood of humans, and may bite during the day or night. They generally stay outdoors and are rarely found inside dwellings.This species is a of '' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anopheles Nili
''Anopheles nili'' is a species of mosquito in the Culicidae family. It comprises the following elements: ''An. carnevalei'', ''An. nili'', ''An. ovengensis'' and ''An. somalicus''. The scientific name of this species was first published in 1904 by Theobald. It is the main mosquito species found in the south Cameroon forest zone which bites humans. It is known as a problematic carrier of malaria, although newly discovered, closely related species in the same genus have also been found to interact with ''A. nili'' as a disease vector. In that, they both have similar feeding habits on local targets in the Cameroon region. Life Cycle For more information, see mosquito life cycle.Similar to all mosquitoes, ''Anopheles nili'' go through a life stages of egg, larva, pupa, then emerge as adults. ''A. nili'' is a generalist species, meaning that they may adapt to different environments to survive. This has worked to the detriment of human health, as the mosquito species has become ver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anopheles Moucheti
''Anopheles moucheti'' is a species of mosquito that highly ''anthropophilia'' and ''endophilia'', is can be mainly located in Congo Basin forest, Africa. It was main vector of malaria Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. S .... References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13853963 Insects described in 1923 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anopheles Maculipennis
''Anopheles maculipennis'' is a species of mosquito that can be found mostly in Europe except New Zealand; it is a main vector of malaria Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. S .... References Insects described in 1818 maculipennis {{Culicidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
