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Anisogramma Anomala
''Anisogramma anomala'' is a plant pathogen that causes a disease known as Eastern filbert blight on ''Corylus spp.'' (hazlenut). Also known as EFB (Eastern Filbert Blight). Disease cycle ''Anisogramma anomala'' is an ascomycete that has a two-year disease cycle. Infection is thought to typically occur during the wet season between February and May. The infection typically occurs at the apical bud during periods of high humidity that favor the pathogen. After the initial infection the pathogen can eventually spread to the phloem, cambium, and even the outer xylem. This fungal pathogen produces cankers made up of stromata. The stromata typically develop the second summer after the initial infection. Within the stroma, perithecia are produced that give rise to asci and ascospores. The ascospores are released as a white ooze during wet weather. Wind-driven water droplets and splashing spread the spores to new potential hosts. Hosts and symptoms ''Anisogramma anomala's'' host i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascomycota
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the " ascus" (), a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of the Ascomycota are asexual, meaning that they do not have a sexual cycle and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewers' and bakers' yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as ''Cladonia'' belong to the Ascomycota. Ascomycota is a monophyletic group (it contains all descendants of one common ancestor). Previously placed in the Deuteromycota along with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (or anamorphic) ascomyce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sordariomycetes
Sordariomycetes is a class of fungi in the subdivision Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota), consisting of 28 orders, 90 families, 1344 genera. Sordariomycetes is from the Latin sordes (filth) because some species grow in animal feces, though growth habits vary widely across the class. Sordariomycetes generally produce their asci in perithecial fruiting bodies. Sordariomycetes are also known as Pyrenomycetes, from the Greek πυρἠν - 'the stone of a fruit' - because of the usually somewhat tough texture of their tissue. Sordariomycetes possess great variability in morphology, growth form, and habitat. Most have perithecial (flask-shaped) fruiting bodies, but ascomata can be less frequently cleistothecial (like in the genera '' Anixiella'', ''Apodus'', '' Boothiella'', ''Thielavia'', '' Zopfiella''),. Fruiting bodies may be solitary or gregarious, superficial, or immersed within stromata or tissues of the substrates and can be light to bright or black. Members of this group can grow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sordariomycetidae
Sordariomycetidae is a subclass of sac fungi Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defi .... References Sordariomycetes Fungus subclasses Lichen subclasses Taxa described in 1997 {{Sordariomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diaporthales
Diaporthales is an order of sac fungi. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added a number of name families to the order. Diaporthales includes a number of plant pathogenic fungi, the most notorious of which is ''Cryphonectria parasitica'' (Murrill) Barr, the chestnut blight fungus that altered the landscape of eastern North America. Other diseases caused by members of this order include stem canker of soybeans ('' Diaporthe phaseolorum'' (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. and its varieties), stem-end rot of citrus fruits ('' Diaporthe citri'' F.A. Wolf), and peach canker disease (''Phomopsis amygdali'' Del.). Some species produce secondary metabolites that result in toxicosis of animals such as lupinosis of sheep (''Diaporthe toxica'' P.M. Williamson et al.). A number of asexually reproducing plant pathogenic fungi also belong in the Diaporthales, such ''Greeneria uvicola'' (Berk. & Curt.) Punith., cause of bitter rot of grape, and ''Discula destructiva'' Redlin, cause of dogwood anthracnose, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnomoniaceae
Gnomoniaceae is a family of fungi in the order Diaporthales. The family was circumscribed by German botanist Heinrich Georg Winter in 1886. Genera As accepted by GBIF: * '' Alnecium'' (2) * '' Ambarignomonia'' (2) * '' Anisogramma'' (6) * '' Anisomyces'' (2) * ''Apiognomonia'' (32) * '' Asteroma'' (115) * '' Bagcheea'' (3) * '' Ceuthocarpon'' (6) * '' Chondroplea'' (1) * '' Clypeoporthe'' (5) * '' Cryptoderis'' (7) * ''Cryptodiaporthe'' (27) * '' Cryptospora'' (8) * '' Cryptosporella'' (45) * '' Cylindrosporella'' (6) * '' Cytodiplospora'' (13) * '' Depazea'' (13) * ''Diaporthella'' (7) * '' Diplacella'' (2) * '' Diplodina'' (318) * '' Diploplenodomopsis'' (7) * '' Diplosclerophoma'' (2) * '' Discosporium'' (10) * '' Discula'' (41) * '' Ditopella'' (14) * '' Ditopellopsis'' (4) * '' Fioriella'' (1) * '' Flavignomonia'' (1) * '' Gloeosporidina'' (6) * '' Gloeosporidium'' (6) * '' Gnomonia'' (145) * '' Gnomoniella'' (34) * '' Gnomoniopsis'' (40) * '' G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisogramma
''Anisogramma'' is a genus of fungi in the family Gnomoniaceae. The genus contains three species. One of them, Anisogramma anomala, is the cause of eastern filbert blight. References External links *Anisogramma' at Index Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of M ... Gnomoniaceae Sordariomycetes genera {{Sordariomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Pathogen
Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrate, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases. Overview Control of plant diseases is crucial to the reliable production of food, and it provides significant problems in agricultural use of land, water, fuel and other inputs. Plants in both natural and cultivated populat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corylus
The hazel (''Corylus'') is a genus of deciduous trees and large shrubs native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The genus is usually placed in the birch family Betulaceae,Germplasmgobills Information Network''Corylus''Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins .Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan . though some botanists split the hazels (with the hornbeams and allied genera) into a separate family Corylaceae. The fruit of the hazel is the hazelnut. Hazels have simple, rounded leaves with double-serrate margins. The flowers are produced very early in spring before the leaves, and are monoecious, with single-sex catkins. The male catkins are pale yellow and long, and the female ones are very small and largely concealed in the buds, with only the bright-red, 1-to-3 mm-long styles visible. The fruits are nuts long and 1–2 cm diameter, surrounded by an involucre (husk) which partly to fully encloses the nut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corylus Avellana
''Corylus avellana'', the common hazel, is a species of flowering plant in the birch family Betulaceae. It is native to Europe and western Asia. It is an important component of the hedgerows that were the traditional field boundaries in lowland England. The wood was traditionally grown as coppice, the poles cut being used for wattle-and-daub building and agricultural fencing. Common hazel is cultivated for its nuts. The name hazelnut applies to the nuts of any species in the genus ''Corylus'', but in commercial settings a hazelnut is usually that of ''C. avellana''. This hazelnut or cob nut, the kernel of the seed, is edible and used raw or roasted, or ground into a paste. The cob is round, compared with the longer filbert nut. Description Common hazel is typically a shrub reaching tall, but can reach . The leaves are deciduous, rounded, long and across, softly hairy on both surfaces, and with a double-serrate margin. The flowers are produced very early in spring, before ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungal Tree Pathogens And Diseases
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true fungi' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazelnut Tree Diseases
The hazelnut is the fruit of the hazel tree and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus ''Corylus'', especially the nuts of the species ''Corylus avellana''. They are also known as cobnuts or filberts according to species. Hazelnuts are used in baking and desserts, confectionery to make praline, and also used in combination with chocolate for chocolate truffles and products such as chocolate bars, hazelnut cocoa spread such as Nutella, and Frangelico liqueur. Hazelnut oil, pressed from hazelnuts, is strongly flavored and used as a cooking oil. Turkey and Italy are the world's two largest producers of hazelnuts. Description A cob is roughly spherical to oval, about long and in diameter, with an outer fibrous husk surrounding a smooth shell, while a filbert is more elongated, being about twice as long as its diameter. The nut falls out of the husk when ripe, about seven to eight months after pollination. The kernel of the seed is edible and us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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