|
American Confederation Of Venezuela
The American Confederation of Venezuela was an unrecognized state located in the Captaincy General of Venezuela of the Spanish Empire, which was organized by Venezuelan patriots following the Venezuelan Declaration of Independence. History Due to its rebellious instability originating from the Venezuelan War of Independence, the confederation existed in three different stages depending on territory held by revolutionary or royalist forces. These are commonly known as the First Republic of Venezuela, Second Republic of Venezuela and the Third Republic of Venezuela. First Republic of Venezuela On 19 April 1810, the municipal council of Caracas deposed the Spanish Governor and Captain General, Vicente Emparán. The Supreme Junta was then established in Caracas, with civil war soon sparking throughout much of the Venezuelan territory. As the congress of the Junta gathered, a movement for independence gained popular support. Revolutionaries such as Francisco de Miranda, a Ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish American Wars Of Independence
The Spanish American wars of independence (25 September 1808 – 29 September 1833; es, Guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas) were numerous wars in Spanish America with the aim of political independence from Spanish rule during the early 19th century. These began shortly after the start of the Peninsular War, French invasion of Spain during the Napoleonic Wars. Thus, the strict period of military campaigns would go from the battle of Chacaltaya (1809), in present-day Bolivia, to the battle of Tampico (1829), in Mexico. In 1808, the sequestration of the Spanish royal family by Napoleon Bonaparte, the Abdications of Bayonne, gave rise to an emergence of liberalism and desire for liberties throughout the Spanish Empire. The violent conflicts started in 1809, with short-lived junta (Peninsular War), governing juntas established in Chuquisaca Revolution, Chuquisaca, La Paz revolution, La Paz and Quito#Colonial period, Quito opposing the government of the Supreme Central and Gov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Junta
The Supreme Junta (or Junta Suprema de Caracas) was the institution that governed the Captaincy General of Venezuela following the forced resignation of the Captain General Vicente Emparán on April 19, 1810, marking the beginning of the Venezuelan War of Independence. It lasted until March 2, 1811, when the first constituent congress of the First Republic of Venezuela was established. Following the events of the Revolution of April 19, 1810, the commanding General and other colonial officials designated by Joseph Bonaparte to oversee the Captaincy General of Venezuela, were deposed by an expanded municipal government in Caracas that called itself: the Supreme Junta to Preserve the Rights of Ferdinand VII (''La Suprema Junta Conservadora de los Derechos de Fernando VII''). One of the first measures taken by the revolutionaries, after securing the support of six provinces, was to send diplomatic missions abroad with the hope of gaining support and recognition for the revolution a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fifth Battle Of Maturín
The Fifth Battle of Maturín was a military confrontation on 11 December 1814, that resulted in the epilogue of the Second Republic of Venezuela. The Royalist forces, which for two years had tried to conquer the city, destroyed the last great Patriot garrison that remained in the country. Prelude After the defeat in the Battle of Urica 4 days earlier, the Republican Army had all but disappeared. General José Félix Ribas and Colonel José Francisco Bermúdez had managed to escape and gather the dispersed survivors in their headquarters of Maturín.Encina, 1961: 458 After the death of Caudillo José Tomás Boves, his second Francisco Tomás Morales first secured the command over his Royalist llanero army, and then advanced towards Maturín. The Battle Maturín was a place defended by three embankments and two batteries. Solid positions, supported to the north by the Guarapiche river and the swamps to the east, made it easily defensible, but the Republicans had few ammunition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emigration To The East (Venezuela)
The 1814 Caracas Exodus ( es, Éxodo caraqueño de 1814) or Emigration to the East ( es, Emigración a Oriente) occurred during the Venezuelan War of Independence, when Venezuelan Patriots and thousands of civilians fled from the capital Caracas towards the East of the country, after the defeat in the Second Battle of La Puerta on 15 June 1814. News about the approach of José Tomás Boves and his infamous troops caused panic amongst the population in Caracas, so on 7 July 1814, more than 20,000 people emigrated to the East of the country, along with Simon Bolívar and his remaining Patriot troops. Many thousands perished. Although a large number of people followed Bolívar on the long journey, another group, especially the most politically committed, sought refuge in the Antilles or New Granada, while a third group gave up the march and returned to Caracas to place themselves under the protection of Archbishop Coll y Prat Prelude José Tomás Boves had gathered an army in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Tomás Boves
José Tomás Boves (Oviedo, Asturias, September 18, 1782 – Urica, Venezuela, December 5, 1814), was a royalist caudillo of the Llanos during the Venezuelan War of Independence, particularly remembered for his use of brutality and atrocities against those who supported Venezuelan independence. Though nominally pro-Spanish, Boves showed little deference to any superior authority and independently carried out his own military campaign and political agenda. Early life Having lost his father at age 4, he was raised by his single mother, who worked as a seamstress and maid. At the age of 16 Boves was licensed to be a pilot in the merchant marine, later joining the Pla y Portal company, which traded between Spain and the Americas. He was convicted of smuggling in Venezuela and sentenced to prison, but because of the intercession of fellow Asturian residents in Venezuela, who also worked for Pla y Portal, his sentence was commuted to internal exile in Calabozo. There he became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Taguanes
The Battle of Taguanes was fought between Spanish royalists and the Second Republic of Venezuela on 31 July 1813 during the Admirable Campaign of the War of Venezuelan Independence. Simon Bolivar and his patriots won the battle handily, defeating the Spanish (and killing their colonel) and eventually capturing Valencia, Venezuela, Valencia on 2 August and Caracas on 3 August. References Notes Bibliography * Conflicts in 1813 Battles of the Venezuelan War of Independence July 1813 events 1813 in Venezuela {{battle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decree Of War To The Death
The Decree of War to the Death, in Spanish ''Decreto de Guerra a Muerte'', was a decree issued by the South American leader Simón Bolívar which permitted murder and any atrocities whatsoever to be committed against civilians born in Spain, other than those actively assisting South American independence, and furthermore exonerated people from the Americas who had already committed such murders and atrocities. The phrase "war to the death" was used as a euphemism for these atrocities. The decree was an explicit " war of extermination" in Bolívar's attempt to maintain Venezuelan independence in the war with Spain, since he felt that the Spanish Army's use of atrocities against those who supported the First Republic of Venezuela had contributed decisively to its defeat.Arana, M. (2013). ''Bolivar''. New York: Simon & Schuster, Bolívar promulgated the decree on June 15, 1813, in the Venezuelan city of Trujillo. Background The decree states that it was created as a response to se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Provinces Of New Granada
The United Provinces of New Granada was a country in South America from 1810 to 1816, a period known in Colombian history as '' la Patria Boba'' ("the Foolish Fatherland"). It was formed from areas of the New Kingdom of Granada, roughly corresponding to the territory of modern-day Colombia. The government was a federation with a parliamentary system, consisting of a weak executive and strong congress. The country was reconquered by Spain in 1816. Government The Triumvirate After two attempts at establishing a congress, the State of Cundinamarca managed to convene a Congress of the United Provinces, which met in late 1811. It issued an Act of Federation on November 27, 1811, which allowed Congress to establish a separate executive branch, if it felt it was required. An executive, consisting of a triumvirate, was created in 1814 after a royalist army from Pasto and Popayán defeated one from Cundinamarca (which had not accepted the Union and, in fact, had even sent troops again ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Admirable Campaign
The Admirable Campaign () was a military action led by Simón Bolívar in which the provinces of Mérida, Barinas, Trujillo and Caracas were conquered by the Patriots.Arana, M., 2013, Bolivar, New York: Simon & Schuster, Its objective was to free Venezuela from Spanish control, which was accomplished in conjunction with Santiago Mariño's simultaneous campaign in the east. Overview After the loss of the First Republic of Venezuela, Bolívar had gone to New Granada where he joined the army of the United Provinces, which was in the process of fighting with cities that did not recognize its authority. On January 28, 1813 Bolívar captured Ocaña, a city which was on the main roads to Venezuela. The expedition was formed by two divisions, a vanguard led by Colonel Atanasio Girardot and a rear under Colonel José Félix Ribas. At the same time Domingo de Monteverde was moving troops to western Venezuela in preparation for an invasion of New Granada, threatening the newly independen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Carabobo
The University of Carabobo (Spanish: ''Universidad de Carabobo'') is an autonomous, public university of Venezuela located in Valencia, Venezuela. It offers graduate and postgraduate studies in different areas. The university offers a lot of green spaces for student recreation, as well architectural art around the faculties, a theater, and two dining halls. There are around 65,000 students, mostly coming from the central part of the country. The main campus is at Bárbula, north of Valencia in the municipality of Naguanagua. The University of Carabobo also has a centre in La Morita, Maracay, Aragua State. History The University was reopened in 1958 after the coup d'état which ended the Perez Jimenez dictatorship. It acquired the former railway station at Camoruco, some 3 km from the city center, which had become redundant with the closure of the rail service to Puerto Cabello. The converted railway station continues to be the seat of the "Rectorado" of the University. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristocrat
The aristocracy is historically associated with "hereditary" or "ruling" social class. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class of people (aristocrats) with hereditary rank and titles. In some, such as ancient Greece, ancient Rome, or India, aristocratic status came from belonging to a military caste. It has also been common, notably in African societies, for aristocrats to belong to priestly dynasties. Aristocratic status can involve feudal or legal privileges. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy. In modern European societies, the aristocracy has often coincided with the nobility, a specific class that arose in the Middle Ages, but the term "aristocracy" is sometimes also applied to other elites, and is used as a more generic term when describing earlier and non-European societies. Some revolutions, such as the French Revolution, have been followed by the abolition of the aristocracy. Etymology The term arist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.svg "Click for more on -> Battle Of Taguanes")
