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Akhamaman
Akhamaman ( my, အခမမန်း,The spelling "အခမမန်း" per (Pan Hla 2005: 27–30). The Mon language spelling in the ''Slapat Rajawan'' per (Schmidt 1906: 112) is "အာခမမန်". ; also known as Akhamwun (အခမွန်, ); d. 1287) was the self-proclaimed king of Pegu, in modern Myanmar, with the title of Thunekkhat Yaza (သုနက္ခတ် ရာဇာ) from 1285 to 1287. He was one of several regional strongmen who emerged during the final years of the Pagan Empire in the 1280s. As the ruler of Pegu, he successfully fended off two attacks by King Narathihapate's forces. After the victory, however, he became deeply unpopular for his increasingly autocratic rule, and was assassinated. Early life ChroniclesThe chronicles here are the ''Slapat Rajawan'' (Schmidt 1906) and (Phayre 1873), and the ''Pak Lat Chronicles'' (Pan Hla 2005: 29, footnote 1), which also states that the original ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' chronicle does not cover Akham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarabya Of Pegu
Tarabya of Pegu ( mnw, တယာဖျာ; my, ပဲခူး တရဖျား, ) was the self-proclaimed List of rulers of Pegu, king of Pegu (modern Bago, Myanmar) from 1287 to 1296. He was one of several regional strongmen who emerged after the fall of the Pagan Kingdom, Pagan Empire in 1287. Initially, Tarabya was allied with Wareru, the strongman of the nearby Martaban province. But after their decisive victory over Pagan in 1295–1296, the alliance turned into an intense rivalry, which culminated in the two men fighting a duel on elephant-back about two years later. Tarabya was defeated, and after a brief stay in Mottama, Martaban (Mottama), executed. Background Tarabya was originally a commoner by the name of Burmese name, Nga Pa-Mun (ငပမွန်, ),Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 253Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 148Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 359 or A-Che-Mun (အချဲမွန်, ).A-Che-Mun per (Pan Hla 2005: 30). (Phayre 1873: 41) transliterates his name as Akhyemwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Pegu
This is a list of rulers of Pegu (Bago), one of the three main Mon-speaking provinces, located on the south-central coast of modern Myanmar. This is not a list of monarchs of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, who ruled Lower Burma from Pegu during three separate periods (1369–1539, 1550–1552, 1740–1757). Backgrounder Various Mon language chronicles state different foundation dates of Pegu (Bago), ranging from 573 CE to 1152 CE.A version of the 18th century chronicle ''Slapat Rajawan'' as reported by Arthur Phayre (Phayre 1873: 32) states that the settlement was founded in 1116 Buddhist Era (572/573 CE). But another version of the ''Slapat'', used by P.W. Schmidt (Schmidt 1906: 20, 101), states that it was founded on 1st waxing of Mak (Tabodwe) 1116 BE ( 19 January 573 CE), which it says is equivalent to year 514 of "the third era", without specifying what the era specifically was. However, per (Phayre 1873: 39), one of the "native records" used by Maj. Lloyd says that Pegu was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wareru
Wareru ( mnw, ဝါရေဝ်ရောဝ်, my, ဝါရီရူး, ; also known as Wagaru; 20 March 1253 – 14 January 1307) was the founder of the Martaban Kingdom, located in present-day Myanmar (Burma). By using both diplomatic and military skills, he successfully carved out a Mon-speaking polity in Lower Burma, during the collapse of the Pagan Empire (Bagan Empire) in the 1280s. Wareru was assassinated in 1307 but his line ruled the kingdom until its fall in the mid-16th century. Wareru, a commoner, seized the governorship of Martaban (Mottama) in 1285, and after receiving the backing of the Sukhothai Kingdom, he went on to declare independence from Pagan in 1287. In 1295–1296, he and his ally Tarabya, the self-proclaimed king of Pegu (Bago), decisively defeated a major invasion by Pagan. Wareru eliminated Tarabya soon after, and emerged as the sole ruler of three Mon-speaking provinces of Bassein, Pegu and Martaban 1296. With his domain now much enlarged, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Mongol Invasion Of Burma
The first Mongol invasions of Burma (Myanmar) (Burmese: မွန်ဂို–မြန်မာ စစ် (၁၂၇၇–၁၂၈၇); Chinese: 元緬戰爭) were a series of military conflicts between Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty, a division of the Mongol Empire, and the Pagan Empire took place between 1277 and 1287. The invasions toppled the 250-year-old Pagan Empire, and the Mongol army seized Pagan territories in present-day Dehong, Yunnan and northern Burma to Tagaung. The invasions ushered in 250 years of political fragmentation in Burma and the rise of ethnic Tai-Shan states throughout mainland Southeast Asia. The Mongols first demanded tribute from Pagan in 1271–72, as part of their drive to encircle the Song dynasty of China. When King Narathihapate refused, Emperor Kublai Khan himself sent another mission in 1273, again demanding tribute. It too was rejected. In 1275, the emperor ordered the Yunnan government to secure the borderlands in order to block an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samanera
A sāmaṇera (Pali); sa, श्रामणेर (), is a novice male monastic in a Buddhist context. A female novice is a ''śrāmaṇerī'' or ''śrāmaṇerikā'' (Sanskrit; Pāli: ''sāmaṇerī''). Etymology The ''sāmaṇera'' is a Pali language diminutive equivalent to the Sanskrit term ''śrāmaṇera'', which indicates an ascetic practitioner. Therefore, sāmaṇera might be said to mean "small or young renunciate". In some South and Southeast Asian Buddhist traditions, the term refers to someone who has taken the initial pravrajya vows but not the upasampada or full ordination. The pratimokṣa rules do not apply to them and they do not take part in the recital of the rules on uposatha days. The Sanskrit word ''śrāmaṇerikā'' is the feminine form of ''śrāmaṇera''. History The account provided in the literature of South Asian Buddhism (and adopted by other Buddhist sects) is that when Gautama Buddha's son Rāhula was seven years old, he followed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Htin Aung
Htin Aung ( my, ထင်အောင် ; also Maung Htin Aung; 18 May 1909 – 10 May 1978) was a writer and scholar of Burmese culture and history. Educated at Oxford and Cambridge, Htin Aung wrote several books on Burmese history and culture in both Burmese and English. His English-language works brought a much-needed Burmese perspective to the international study of Burmese history, previously written by British historians of the colonial era. His important works include ''A History of Burma'', ''Folk Elements in Burmese Buddhism'', ''Selections from Burmese Folk Tales'', ''Thirty Burmese Tales'' and '' Burmese Drama''. Htin Aung, as the rector of the University of Rangoon from 1946 to 1958, was the highest ranking academic in the Burmese education system, at the time. He was one of the founding fathers of the Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning (ASAIHL). Early life and education Htin Aung was born to a Burmese aristocratic family on 18 May 1909 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burmese Numerals
Burmese numerals ( my, မြန်မာ ကိန်းဂဏန်းများ, ) are a set of numerals traditionally used in the , although Arabic numerals are also used. Burmese numerals follow the Hindu–Arabic numeral system commonly used in the rest of the world. Main numbers Zero to nine 1 Burmese for ''zero'' comes from Sanskrit śūnya. 2 Can be abbreviated to in list contexts, such as telephone numbers. Spoken Burmese has innate pronunciation rules that govern numbers when they are combined with another word, be it a numerical place (e.g. tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.) or a measure word. * For one, two, and seven (all of which end in the rhyme ), when combined, shift to an open vowel, namely the schwa () * For three, four, five, and nine which all have the long tone (similar to the flat tone in pinyin), when combined, the word immediately following it, given that it begins with a consonant, shifts to a voiced consonant (e.g., , "40" is pronounced , not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taungoo
Taungoo (, ''Tauñngu myoú''; ; also spelled Toungoo) is a district-level city in the Bago Region of Myanmar, 220 km from Yangon, towards the north-eastern end of the division, with mountain ranges to the east and west. The main industry is in forestry products, with teak and other hardwoods extracted from the mountains. The city is known for its areca palms, to the extent that a Burmese proverb for unexpected good fortune is equated to a "betel lover winning a trip to Taungoo". The city is famous in Burmese history for the Toungoo dynasty which ruled the country for over 200 years between the 16th and 18th centuries. Taungoo was the capital of Burma in 1510–1539 and 1551–1552. Kaytumadi new city (new city of Taungoo) is the central command of the southern command division region of Armed Forces (''Tatmadaw''). Hanthawaddy United Football Club is based in Taungoo. Names The classical Pali name of Taungoo is Ketumadi (ကေတုမဒီ;), which translates to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thawun Gyi
, image = , caption = , reign = 17 April 1279 – 23 June 1317 , coronation = , succession = Ruler of Toungoo , predecessor = New office , successor = Thawun Nge , suc-type = Successor , reg-type = , regent = , spouse = , issue = , issue-link = , issue-pipe = , full name = , house = , father = Thawun Letya , mother = , birth_date = 1258 , birth_place = Pyu (Phyu) Pagan Empire , death_date = 23 June 1317 Full moon of Waso 679 ME , death_place = Toungoo (Taungoo) Pinya Kingdom , date of burial = , place of burial = , religion = Theravada Buddhism , signature = Thawun Gyi ( my, သဝန်ကြီး, ; 1258 – 1317) was the founder and first rul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyawswa Of Pagan
Kyawswa ( my, ကျော်စွာ, ; 2 August 1260 – 10 May 1299) was king of the Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1289 to 1297. Son of the last sovereign king of Pagan Narathihapate, Kyawswa was one of many "kings" that emerged after the collapse of the Pagan Empire in 1287. Though still styled as King of Pagan, Kyawswa's effective rule amounted to just the area around Pagan city. Felt threatened by the three brothers of Myinsaing, who were nominally his viceroys, Kyawswa decided to become a vassal of the Yuan dynasty, and received such recognition from the Yuan in March 1297. He was ousted by the brothers in December 1297 and killed, along with his son, Theingapati, on 10 May 1299. Early life Kyawswa was a son of King Narathihapate and Queen Shin Hpa of Pagan, Shin Hpa. He was born on 2 August 1260. The table below lists the dates given by the four main chronicles.Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 349 Reign Kyawswa was the governor of Dala (modern Twante) in 1285 when hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thihathu Of Prome
Thihathu of Prome ( my, သီဟသူ, ; d. 1288), or Sihasura, was viceroy of Prome (Pyay) from 1275 to 1288. He is known in Burmese history for assassinating his own father King Narathihapate, the last sovereign king of the Pagan Empire, in 1287. He was the maternal grandfather of King Swa Saw Ke of Ava. Brief Thihathu was born to Queen Shin Mauk and Narathihapate in the late 1250s in Pagan (Bagan). Thihathu grew up at the palace alongside his half-brothers Uzana and Kyawswa, and appeared to have been the black sheep of the family. According to the royal chronicles, the king constantly teased Thihathu in front of others, for which Thihathu nursed malice toward his father.Harvey 1925: 62 Nonetheless, in 1275, he was appointed viceroy of Prome (Pyay), which was reestablished at the old city of Thray Khittaya (Sri Ksetra).Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 326, footnote 1 His chance for payback came during the Mongol invasion of the country in 1283–85. Instead of defending the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathein
Pathein (, ; mnw, ဖာသီ, ), formerly called Bassein, is the largest city and the capital of the Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar (Burma). It is located 190 km (120 mi) west of Yangon within Pathein Township on the bank of the Pathein River (Pathein), which is a western branch of the Irrawaddy River, the city has a population of 237,089 (2017 census). Although once a part of the Mon kingdom, Pathein has few ethnic Mon residents today. The majority are of Bamar with a significant Karen, Burmese Indian, Rakhine and Burmese Chinese populations . Etymology The city's name is believed to derive from the Old Mon name, (). "pha" means great or wide and sī/sɛm means river or sea. Pha-sɛm means a big sea. The name was corrupted to ''Bassein'' during the British colonial period. An alternate theory holds that the city's name comes from the classical name of Pathein, Kusimanagara, a name used by ancient writings and the Kalyani inscriptions. Pathein itself is a corruptio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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