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Afşin-Elbistan Power Stations
The Afşin-Elbistan power stations are coal-fired power stations in Afşin in Kahramanmaraş Province in Turkey. The area is a sulfur dioxide air pollution hotspot: Air pollution can be trapped by the surrounding mountains, and Greenpeace say that measurements they took nearby in late 2020 show illegal levels of particulates and nitrogen oxides. The Environment Ministry has not released the flue gas measurements. the power station owners still want to build more coal-fired capacity, despite public opposition. Coal Local lignite's calorific value is under 5 MJ/kg, which is a quarter of typical thermal coal. Afşin-Elbistan A Afşin-Elbistan A power station is a 1355 MW lignite-fired power station, owned by Çelikler Holding, which was shut down in January 2020 due to local air pollution, but reopened in later in 2020. Head of the parliamentary home affairs commission, Celalettin Guveç, said in December that delivery of flue-gas desulfurization parts had been delayed by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obverse And Reverse
Obverse and its opposite, reverse, refer to the two flat faces of coins and some other two-sided objects, including paper money, flags, seals, medals, drawings, old master prints and other works of art, and printed fabrics. In this usage, ''obverse'' means the front face of the object and ''reverse'' means the back face. The obverse of a coin is commonly called ''heads'', because it often depicts the head of a prominent person, and the reverse ''tails''. In numismatics, the abbreviation ''obv.'' is used for ''obverse'',David Sear. ''Greek Imperial Coins and Their Values.'' Spink Books, 1982. p. xxxv. while ℞, )(Jonathan Edwards. ''Catalogue of the Greek and Roman Coins in the Numismatic Collection of Yale College, Volume 2.'' Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, 1880. p. 228. and rev.Allen G. Berman. ''Warman's Coins And Paper Money: Identification and Price Guide.'' Penguin, 2008. are used for reverse. In fields of scholarship outside numismatics, the term ''front'' is more com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University
) , type = Public Research University , president = Niyazi CAN , city = Kahramanmaras , country = Turkey , students = 33.710 (all campuses) , undergrad = 30.473 , postgrad = 3.237 , administrative_staff = 3.100 , faculty = 1.239 , campus = Avsar Campus, Karacasu, Andırın, Afşin, Göksun, Pazarcık, Türkoğlu , colors = Dark Blue, Red, White , mascot = Independence Medal of Kahramanmaraş , website=www.ksu.edu.tr, logo= Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University (KSU) is a public university founded 1992 in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with .... The university carries out its academic activities in the campus located in the Avsar Campus, Bahcel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capacity Factor
The net capacity factor is the unitless ratio of actual electrical energy output over a given period of time to the theoretical maximum electrical energy output over that period. The theoretical maximum energy output of a given installation is defined as that due to its continuous operation at full nameplate capacity over the relevant period. The capacity factor can be calculated for any electricity producing installation, such as a fuel consuming power plant or one using renewable energy, such as wind or the sun. The average capacity factor can also be defined for any class of such installations, and can be used to compare different types of electricity production. The actual energy output during that period and the capacity factor vary greatly depending on a range of factors. The capacity factor can never exceed the availability factor, or uptime during the period. Uptime can be reduced due to, for example, reliability issues and maintenance, scheduled or unscheduled. Other fact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electricity Generation Company (Turkey)
The Electricity Generation Company ( tr, Elektrik Üretim A.Ş.; EÜAŞ) is the largest electric power company in Turkey. Owned by the government, it produces and trades electricity throughout the country. History EÜAŞ was founded by the government in 2001. Its main purpose was to plan and implement the energy policy of Turkey which, through the exploitation of the domestic products and resources, would distribute cheap electric power to all Turkish citizens. In 2018 it took over the state-owned electricity trading firm TETAŞ. Power plants EUAŞ owns almost a fifth of Turkey's total generating capacity including coal, gas, hydro and wind power stations. Lignite coalfields EUAŞ owns most of the country's lignite in 7 coalfields, including the largest Elbistan. Pollution and deaths As it owns the old Can-1 and Afşin-Elbistan B power stations and buys from private sector lignite-fired plants its coal-fired electricity is highly polluting. In 2010 its coal-fired plants w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Foundation For Combating Soil Erosion
The Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion ( tr, Türkiye Erozyonla Mücadele, Ağaçlandırma ve Doğal Varlıkları Koruma Vakfı), better known in abbreviated form as TEMA, is a non-governmental organization (NGO) for reforestation and the protection of natural habitats in Turkey. History TEMA was founded in 1992 by Turkish businessmen Hayrettin Karaca, who has a UN Environment Award, and Nihat Gökyiğit. TEMA is the leading NGO in Turkey with over 451,000 voluntary members. TEMA is one of the winners of the first UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) Land for Life Awards. Projects Oak Project The Oak Project (Turkish: ''Meşe Projesi''), which TEMA has maintained since 1998, aims to create vibrant oak forests over 1 million hectares of land throughout Turkey. The project materialized in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and has a total cost of approximately $1.8 billion. Memory Forest A protocol was signed between the Mini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coal Phase-out
Coal phase-out is an environmental policy intended to stop using the combustion of coal in coal-burning power plants, and is part of fossil fuel phase-out. Coal is the most carbon-intensive fossil fuel, therefore phasing it out is critical to limiting climate change and keeping global warming to 1.5 °C as laid out in the Paris Climate Agreement. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that coal is responsible for over 30% of the global average temperature increase above pre-industrial levels. China is the major provider of public finance for coal projects. Several countries and financial institutions have taken initiatives to phase out coal out such as ending funding for building coal plants. The health and environmental benefits of coal phase-out, such as limiting biodiversity loss and respiratory diseases, are greater than the cost. It has been suggested that developed countries could finance the process for developing countries provided they do not build ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Power Stations In Turkey
The most important power stations in Turkey are listed here. Turkey generates about 300 TWh of electricity per year. High Carbon Emissions Coal All operational coal-fired power stations over 50MW are listed below. Five plants were shut down at the end of 2019 to reduce air pollution, leaving total installed capacity at about 17 GW, with 1.3 GW under construction. However government may continue subsidizing some of the most polluting plants in 2020. In 2019 almost 500 million lira was paid to them. In 2017 imported hard coal generated 51 TWh and local coal (almost all lignite) 44 TWh of electricity. Hard coal is estimated to emit 1126 g CO2-eq./kWh and lignite 1062 g CO2-eq./kWh. Medium Carbon Emissions Natural Gas In 2020 about 68 TWh of electricity was generated from gas. , according to the head of the Electricity Producers’ Association, natural gas plants do not have enough money for maintenance work. Geothermal The CO2 emissions from new geothermal plants in Tur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EÜAŞ
The Electricity Generation Company ( tr, Elektrik Üretim A.Ş.; EÜAŞ) is the largest electric power company in Turkey. Owned by the government, it produces and trades electricity throughout the country. History EÜAŞ was founded by the government in 2001. Its main purpose was to plan and implement the energy policy of Turkey which, through the exploitation of the domestic products and resources, would distribute cheap electric power to all Turkish citizens. In 2018 it took over the state-owned electricity trading firm TETAŞ. Power plants EUAŞ owns almost a fifth of Turkey's total generating capacity including coal, gas, hydro and wind power stations. Lignite coalfields EUAŞ owns most of the country's lignite in 7 coalfields, including the largest Elbistan. Pollution and deaths As it owns the old Can-1 and Afşin-Elbistan B power stations and buys from private sector lignite-fired plants its coal-fired electricity is highly polluting. In 2010 its coal-fired plants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossil Fuels Lobby
The fossil fuels lobby includes paid representatives of corporations involved in the fossil fuel industry (oil, gas, coal), as well as related industries like chemicals, plastics, aviation and other transportation. Because of their wealth and the importance of energy, transport and chemical industries to local, national and international economies, these lobbies have the capacity and money to attempt to have outsized influence governmental policy. In particular, the lobbies have been known to obstruct policy related to environmental protection, environmental health and climate action. Lobbies are active in most fossil-fuel intensive economies with democratic governance, with reporting on the lobbies most prominent in Canada, Australia, the United States and Europe, however the lobbies are present in many parts of the world. Big Oil companies such as ExxonMobil, Shell, BP, TotalEnergies, Chevron Corporation, and ConocoPhillips are among the largest corporations associated with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bianet
Bianet (acronym for tr, Bağımsız İletişim Ağı, lit="Independent Communication Network") is a Turkish press agency based in Beyoğlu, Istanbul. Its focus is on human rights and it is mainly funded by a Swedish organization. It was established in January 2000 by journalists around , former representative of Reporters Without Borders, and left-wing activist Ertuğrul Kürkçü and is tied with Inter Press Service. It is mostly funded by the European Commission through the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR). Erol Önderoğlu served as the monitoring editor for Bianet for several years. His work for Bianet included quarterly reports on free speech in Turkey. In collaboration with EIDHR and KAOS GL, an association that focuses on LGBT rights, Bianet organized workshops concerning gender Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to femininity and masculinity and differentiating between them. Depending on the context, this may include sex- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrostatic Precipitator
An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a filterless device that removes fine particles, like dust and smoke, from a flowing gas using the force of an induced electrostatic charge minimally impeding the flow of gases through the unit. In contrast to wet scrubbers, which apply energy directly to the flowing fluid medium, an ESP applies energy only to the particulate matter being collected and therefore is very efficient in its consumption of energy (in the form of electricity). Invention of the electrostatic precipitator The first use of corona discharge to remove particles from an aerosol was by Hohlfeld in 1824. However, it was not commercialized until almost a century later. In 1907 Frederick Gardner Cottrell, a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, applied for a patent on a device for charging particles and then collecting them through electrostatic attraction—the first electrostatic precipitator. Cottrell first applied the device to the col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
