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Additional Articles Of The Constitution Of The Republic Of China
The Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China are the revisions and amendments to the original constitution of the Republic of China to "meet the requisites of the nation prior to national unification", taking into account the democratic reforms and current political status of Taiwan. The Additional Articles are usually attached after the original constitution as a separate document. It also has its own preamble and article ordering different from the original constitution. The Additional Articles has been part of the fundamental law of the present government of the Republic of China on Taiwan since 1991, and were last amended in 2005. The Additional Articles will sunset in the event the Republic of China regains control of the Mainland Area. Main provisions The current Additional Articles of the Constitution entail 12 articles: ; Article 1: Referendum on amendment to the Constitution and alteration of the national territory. ; Article 2: Preside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Area Of The Republic Of China
The Taiwan Area, also called the Taiwan Area of the Republic of China, the free area of the Republic of China, and the "Tai-Min Area (Taiwan and Fuchien)" , is a term used to refer to the territories under the effective control of the Republic of China (usually called "Taiwan"). It has been in official use since the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China took effect, ending temporary anti-communist provisions on 1 May 1991. The term is also used in the 1992 Cross-Strait Act. The area currently under the definition consists of the island groups of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and some minor islands. The collective term "Tai-Peng-Kin-Ma" is literally equivalent except that it only refers to the geographical areas of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu Area, to the exclusion of Wuqiu, Dongsha Island, and Taiping Island. The term is complementary to "Mainland Area", which is practically viewed as being synonymous to Mainland China under the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1947 Chinese National Assembly Election
National Assembly elections were held between 21 and 23 November 1947 in China. They were the first elections under the newly ratified 1947 constitution. Under this constitution, the National Assembly was a constitutional convention and presidential electoral college. A total of 2,961 delegates were elected from across the country. Background Following the establishment of Republic of China, indirect elections were held in 1912 and 1918 for the National Assembly, 1931 for the Nationals Assembly () and 1936 for National Constituent Assembly. In December 1946, the Constituent Assembly adopted the new Constitution, effective from 25 December 1947. Delegates for National Assembly shall be elected before the constitution came into effect, which would be similar to Electoral College in the United States. In April 1947, China Democratic Socialist Party and Chinese Youth Party entered the re-organised Nationalist government. The two minority parties demanded to field 238 and 288 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice President Of The Republic Of China
The vice president of the Republic of China, commonly referred to as the vice president of Taiwan, is the second-highest constitutional office of the government in Taiwan, after the president, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. Powers Under Article 49 the Constitution of the Republic of China, in case the office of the president should become vacant, the vice president shall succeed until the expiration of the original presidential term. In case the office of both the president and the vice president should become vacant, the president of the Executive Yuan shall act for the president. In case the president should be unable to attend to office due to any cause, the vice president shall act for the president. In case both the president and the vice president should be unable to attend to office, the President of the Executive Yuan shall act for the president. Under the original constitution, the office of vice president remains vacant for the remainder of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mainland China
"Mainland China", also referred to as "the Chinese mainland", is a Geopolitics, geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addition to the geographical mainland, the geopolitical sense of the term includes islands such as Hainan, Chongming Island, Chongming, and Zhoushan. By convention, territories outside of mainland China include: * Special administrative regions of China, which are regarded as subdivisions of the country, but retain distinct administrative, judicial and economic systems from those on the mainland: ** Hong Kong, formerly a British Hong Kong, British colony ** Macau, formerly a Portuguese Macau, Portuguese colony * Taiwan, along with Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu Islands, Matsu and other minor islands, are collectively known as the Taiwan Area, where has been the major territorial base of the government of the Republic of China (ROC) since 1950. Though the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Unification
Chinese unification, also known as Cross-Strait unification or Chinese reunification, is the potential unification of territories currently controlled, or claimed, by the People's Republic of China ("China" or "Mainland China") and the Republic of China ("Taiwan") under one political entity, possibly the formation of a political union between the two republics. Together with full Taiwan independence, unification is one of the main proposals to address questions on the political status of Taiwan, which is the central focus of Cross-Strait relations. Background In 1895, the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China lost the First Sino-Japanese War and was forced to cede Taiwan and Penghu to the Empire of Japan after signing the Treaty of Shimonoseki. In 1912, the Qing dynasty was overthrown and was succeeded by the Republic of China (ROC). Based on the theory of the succession of states, the ROC originally lay claim to the entire territory which belonged to the Qing dynasty during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunset Provision
In public policy, a sunset provision or sunset clause is a measure within a statute, regulation, or other law that provides for the law to cease to be effective after a specified date, unless further legislative action is taken to extend it. Unlike most laws that remain in force indefinitely unless they are amended or repealed, sunset provisions have a specified expiration date. Desuetude renders a law invalid after long non-use. Origin The roots of sunset provisions are laid in Roman law of the mandate but the first philosophical reference is traced in the laws of Plato.Antonios Kouroutakis, "The Constitutional Value of Sunset Clauses" Routledge 2017 At the time of the Roman Republic, the empowerment of the Roman Senate to collect special taxes and to activate troops was limited in time and extent. Those empowerments ended before the expiration of an electoral office, such as the Proconsul. The rule ''Ad tempus concessa post tempus censetur denegata'' is translated as "what is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of The Republic Of China
The Government of the Republic of China is the central government, national authority whose actual-controlled territory consists of Taiwan (island), main island of Taiwan (Formosa), Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu Islands, Matsu, and list of islands of Taiwan, other island groups, collectively known as Free Area of the Republic of China , ''Taiwan Area'' or ''Free Area''. A unitary state, the ROC government, under the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China, current constitutional amendments, is run by a ''de facto'' semi-presidential system, consists of the presidency and five branches (Yuan): the Executive Yuan, Legislative Yuan, Judicial Yuan, Examination Yuan, and Control Yuan. The President of the Republic of China, president is the head of state, with the premier of the Republic of China, premier as the head of government, currently ruled by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) since 2016. Since the 2005 amendments of the Additional Articles of the Constit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preamble
A preamble () is an introductory and expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy. When applied to the opening paragraphs of a statute, it may recite historical facts pertinent to the subject of the statute. It is distinct from the long title or enacting formula of a law. In parliamentary procedure using Robert's Rules of Order, a preamble consists of "Whereas" clauses that are placed before the resolving clauses in a resolution (formal written motion). However, preambles are not required to be placed in resolutions. According to Robert's Rules of Order, including such background information may not be helpful in passing the resolution. Legal effect While preambles may be regarded as unimportant introductory matter, their words may have effects that may not have been foreseen by their drafters. France In France, the preamble to the constitution of the Fifth Republic of 1958 was considered ancillary and therefore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Status Of Taiwan
The island of Taiwan is the subject of a geopolitical dispute between the Republic of China (ROC), which controls it, and the People's Republic of China (PRC), which claims it as part of its territory. The Republic of China (ROC) was established in 1912 and governed mainland China until 1949. In the Chinese Civil War, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) defeated the ROC government, taking control of mainland China and establishing the People's Republic of China (PRC) that same year. The ROC government retreated to Taiwan. Prior to this, surrender of Japan, Japan’s surrender in 1945 ended its Taiwan under Japanese rule, colonial rule over Taiwan and the Penghu, Penghu Islands, which were subsequently placed under the administration of the ROC as agreed by the major Allies of World War II. However, Treaty of San Francisco, post-war agreements did not clearly define sovereignty over these islands due to the ongoing rivalry between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Taiwan (1945–present)
As a result of the surrender of Japan, surrender and occupation of Japan at the end of World War II, the islands of geography of Taiwan, Taiwan and Penghu were placed under the governance of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China (ROC), ruled by the Kuomintang (KMT), on Retrocession Day, 25 October 1945. Following the February 28 incident, February 28 massacre in 1947, martial law in Taiwan, martial law was Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion, declared in 1949 by the Governor of Taiwan, Chen Cheng, and the ROC Ministry of National Defense (Republic of China), Ministry of National Defense. Following the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the ROC government retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan, retreated from the mainland China, mainland as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) proclaimed the establishment of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). The KMT retreated to Taiwan and declared Taipei the temporary capital o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Amendment
A constitutional amendment (or constitutional alteration) is a modification of the constitution of a polity, organization or other type of entity. Amendments are often interwoven into the relevant sections of an existing constitution, directly altering the text. Conversely, they can be appended to the constitution as supplemental additions ( codicils), thus changing the frame of government without altering the existing text of the document. Most constitutions require that amendments cannot be enacted unless they have passed a special procedure that is more stringent than that required of ordinary legislation. Examples of such special procedures include supermajorities in the legislature, or direct approval by the electorate in a referendum, or even a combination of two or more different special procedures. A referendum to amend the constitution may also be triggered in some jurisdictions by popular initiative. Australia and Ireland provide examples of constitutions requiring t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of The Republic Of China
The Constitution of the Republic of China is the fifth and current constitution of the Republic of China (ROC), ratified by the Kuomintang during the Constituent National Assembly session on 25 December 1946, in Nanking, and adopted on 25 December 1947. The constitution, along with its Additional Articles, remains effective in ROC-controlled territories. Intended for the entire territory of the Republic of China as it was then constituted, it was never extensively nor effectively implemented due to the outbreak of the Chinese Civil War in mainland China at the time of the constitution's promulgation. The newly elected National Assembly soon ratified the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion on May 10, 1948. The Temporary Provisions symbolises the country's entering into the state of emergency and granted the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China extra-constitutional powers. Following the ROC government's retreat to Taiwan on 7 December 1949, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
