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Acid-fast Bacilli
Acid-fastness is a physical property of certain bacterial and eukaryotic cells, as well as some sub-cellular structures, specifically their resistance to decolorization by acids during laboratory staining procedures. Once stained as part of a sample, these organisms can resist the acid and/or ethanol-based decolorization procedures common in many staining protocols, hence the name ''acid-fast''. The mechanisms of acid-fastness vary by species, although the most well-known example is in the genus ''Mycobacterium'', which includes the species responsible for tuberculosis and leprosy. The acid-fastness of ''Mycobacteria'' is due to the high mycolic acid content of their cell walls, which is responsible for the staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention. Some bacteria may also be partially acid-fast, such as ''Nocardia''. Acid-fast organisms are difficult to characterize using standard microbiological techniques, though they can be stained using concentrated dyes, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Ziehl-Neelsen Stain 640
''Mycobacterium'' is a genus of over 190 species in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis ('' M. tuberculosis'') and leprosy ('' M. leprae'') in humans. The Greek prefix ''myco-'' means 'fungus', alluding to this genus' mold-like colony surfaces. Since this genus has cell walls with Gram-positive and Gram-negative features, acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types. Metabolism and Morphology Mycobacteria are aerobic with 0.2-0.6 µm wide and 1.0-10 µm long rod shapes. They are generally non-motile, except for the species ''Mycobacterium marinum'', which has been shown to be motile within macrophages. Mycobacteria possess capsules and most do not form endospores. ''M. marinum'' and perhaps ''M. bovis'' have been shown to sporulate; however, this has been contested by further research. The disti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellis And Zabrowarny Stain
Ellis is a surname of Welsh and English origin. Retrieved 21 January 2014 An independent French origin of the surname is said to derive from the phrase fleur-de-lis. Surname A *Abe Ellis (Stargate), a fictional character in the TV series ''Stargate Atlantis'' *Adam Ellis (born 1996), British speedway rider * Adrienne Ellis (born 1944), American-Canadian actress *Albert Ellis (other), multiple people * Alexander Ellis (other), multiple people * Allan Ellis (other) *Alton Ellis (1938–2008), Jamaican musician * Andrew Ellis (other), multiple people * Anita Ellis (other), multiple people *Annette Ellis (born 1946), Australian politician *Arthur Ellis (other), multiple people *Atom Ellis (born 1966), American musician *Aunjanue Ellis (born 1969), American actress B * Ben Ellis (other), multiple people * Bill Ellis (1919–2007), English cricketer *Boaz Ellis (born 1981), Israeli fencer *Bob Ellis (born 1942), Australi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wade Fite Stain
Wade, WADE, or Wades may refer to: Places in the United States * Wade, California, a former settlement * Wade, Maine, a town * Wade, Mississippi, a census-designated place * Wade, North Carolina, a town * Wade, Ohio, an unincorporated community * Wade Township, Clinton County, Illinois * Wade Township, Jasper County, Illinois * Wade County, Choctaw Nation, a former political subdivision * Wades Branch, a river in Tennessee People and figures * Wade (folklore), a being from Germanic mythology and folklore * Wade (given name), a list of people and fictional characters * Wade (surname), including a list of people and fictional characters Other uses * ''Wade'' (film), a 2020 Indian animated short film * World Alliance for Decentralized Energy (WADE) * Wade Ceramics, manufacturers of porcelain and earthenware; known for making "Whimsies" * WADE (AM), a radio station in Wadesboro, North Carolina, United States * Wade–Giles, a method of Romanisation of Chinese, sometimes abbr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fite Stain
Fite (stylized as FITE by Triller) is an American digital video streaming service launched on May 20, 2012, that is dedicated to combat sports-related programming (including boxing, mixed martial arts, and professional wrestling). The network distributes free-to-air content, pay-per-view events, and SVOD packages. As of December 2020, the service has over 4 million registered users worldwide. Among the notable content include subscription packages from the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA All Access), All Elite Wrestling (outside the United States and Canada, except for the 2021 All Out and Full Gear events), and Impact Wrestling's own Impact Plus streaming service. In 2020, Fite began adding coverage of soccer events, acquiring rights to CONMEBOL qualifiers for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. On April 14, 2021, TrillerNet acquired Fite for an undisclosed amount, ahead of the first ''Triller Fight Club'' event, Jake Paul vs. Ben Askren. See also *List of professional wrestling st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyglycol Ether
Glycol ethers are a class of chemical compounds consisting of alkyl ethers that are based on glycols such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. They are commonly used as solvents in paints and cleaners. They have good solvent properties while having higher boiling points than the lower-molecular-weight ethers and alcohols. The name "Cellosolve" was registered in 1924 as a United States trademark by Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corporation (a division of Union Carbide Corporation) for "Solvents for Gums, Resins, Cellulose Esters, and the Like". "Ethyl Cellosolve" or simply "Cellosolve" consists mainly of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and was introduced as a lower-cost solvenet alternative to ethyl lactate. "Butyl Cellosolve" (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether) was introduced in 1928, and "Methyl Cellosolve" (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether) in 1929. Glycol ethers are designated "E-series" for or "P-series" for those made from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, respectively. Ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schaeffer–Fulton Stain
The Schaeffer–Fulton stain is a technique designed to isolate endospores by staining any present endospores green, and any other bacterial bodies red. The primary stain is malachite green, and the counterstain is safranin, which dyes any other bacterial bodies red. Endospores cannot be stained by normal staining procedures because their walls are practically impermeable to all chemicals. The Schaeffer- Fulton endospore stain uses heat to drive the primary stain(malachite green) into the endospore. After cooling, the slide is decolorized with water and counterstained with safranin. Procedure Using an aseptic technique, bacteria are placed on a slide and heat fixed. The slide is then suspended over a water bath with some sort of porus paper over it, so that the slide is steamed. Malachite green is applied to the slide, which can penetrate the tough walls of the endospores, staining them green. After five minutes, the slide is removed from the steam, and the paper towel is removed. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moeller Stain
Moeller staining involves the use of a steamed dye reagent in order to increase the stainability of endospores. Carbol fuchsin is the primary stain used in this method. Endospores are stained red, while the counterstain methylene blue stains the vegetative bacteria blue. Endospores are surrounded by a highly resistant spore coat, which is highly resistant to excessive heat, freezing, desiccation, as well as chemical agents. More importantly, for identification, spores are resistant to commonly employed staining techniques; therefore alternative staining methods are required. Method Carbol fuchsin is applied to a heat-fixed slide. The slide is then heated over a bunsen burner, or suspended over a hot water bath, covered with a paper towel, and steamed for 3 minutes. The slide is rinsed with acidified ethanol, and counter-stained with Methylene blue. An improved method involves the addition of the surfactant Tergitol 7 to the carbol fuchsin stain, and the omission of the steamin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylene Blue
Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. Methylene blue is a thiazine dye. As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia by converting the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous iron. Specifically, it is used to treat methemoglobin levels that are greater than 30% or in which there are symptoms despite oxygen therapy. It has previously been used for treating cyanide poisoning and urinary tract infections, but this use is no longer recommended. Methylene blue is typically given by injection into a vein. Common side effects include headache, vomiting, confusion, shortness of breath, and high blood pressure. Other side effects include serotonin syndrome, red blood cell breakdown, and allergic reactions. Use often turns the urine, sweat, and stool blue to green in color. While use during pregnancy may harm the baby, not using it in methemoglobinemia is likely more dangerous. Methylene blue was first pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Picric Acid
Picric acid is an organic compound with the formula (O2N)3C6H2OH. Its IUPAC name is 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). The name "picric" comes from el, πικρός (''pikros''), meaning "bitter", due to its bitter taste. It is one of the most acidic phenols. Like other strongly nitrated organic compounds, picric acid is an explosive, which is its primary use. It has also been used as medicine (antiseptic, burn treatments) and as a dye. History Picric acid was probably first mentioned in the alchemical writings of Johann Rudolf Glauber. Initially, it was made by nitrating substances such as animal horn, silk, indigo, and natural resin, the synthesis from indigo first being performed by Peter Woulfe during 1771. The German chemist Justus von Liebig had named picric acid (rendered in French as ). Picric acid was given that name by the French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas in 1841. Its synthesis from phenol, and the correct determination of its formula, were accomplished during 1841. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
