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ATC Code L01
L01A Alkylating agents L01AA Nitrogen mustard analogues :L01AA01 Cyclophosphamide :L01AA02 Chlorambucil :L01AA03 Melphalan :L01AA05 Chlormethine :L01AA06 Ifosfamide :L01AA07 Trofosfamide :L01AA08 Prednimustine :L01AA09 Bendamustine :L01AA10 Melphalan flufenamide L01AB Alkyl sulfonates :L01AB01 Busulfan :L01AB02 Treosulfan :L01AB03 Mannosulfan L01AC Ethylene imines :L01AC01 Thiotepa :L01AC02 Triaziquone :L01AC03 Carboquone L01AD Nitrosoureas :L01AD01 Carmustine :L01AD02 Lomustine :L01AD03 Semustine :L01AD04 Streptozocin :L01AD05 Fotemustine :L01AD06 Nimustine :L01AD07 Ranimustine :L01AD08 Uramustine L01AG Epoxides :L01AG01 Etoglucid L01AX Other alkylating agents :L01AX01 Mitobronitol :L01AX02 Pipobroman :L01AX03 Temozolomide :L01AX04 Dacarbazine L01B Antimetabolites L01BA Folic acid analogues :L01BA01 Methotrexate :L01BA03 Raltitrexed :L01BA04 Pemetrexed :L01BA05 Pralatrexate L01BB Purine analogues :L01BB02 Mercaptopurine :L01BB03 Tioguanine :L01BB04 Cladribine : ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkylating Agent
Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation. Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealkylation. Alkylating agents are often classified according to their nucleophilic or electrophilic character. In oil refining contexts, alkylation refers to a particular alkylation of isobutane with olefins. For upgrading of petroleum, alkylation produces a premium blending stock for gasoline. In medicine, alkylation of DNA is used in chemotherapy to damage the DNA of cancer cells. Alkylation is accomplished with the class of drugs called alkylating antineoplastic agents. Nucleophilic alkylating agents Nucleophilic alkylating agents deliver the equivalent of an alkyl anion (carbanion). The formal "alkyl anion" attacks an electrophile, forming a new covalent bond be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrosourea
Nitrosourea is both the name of a molecule, and a class of compounds that include a nitroso (R-NO) group and a urea. Examples Examples include: * Arabinopyranosyl-''N''-methyl-''N''-nitrosourea (Aranose) * Carmustine (BCNU, BiCNU) * Chlorozotocin * Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) * Fotemustine * Lomustine (CCNU) * Nimustine * ''N''-Nitroso-''N''-methylurea (NMU) * Ranimustine (MCNU) * Semustine * Streptozocin (Streptozotocin) Nitrosourea compounds are DNA alkylating agents and are often used in chemotherapy. They are lipophilic and thus can cross the blood–brain barrier, making them useful in the treatment of brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme. File:Aranose (Haworth).svg, Arabinopyranosyl-''N''-methyl-''N''-nitrosourea File:Carmustine.svg, Carmustine File:Chlorozotocin (Haworth).svg, Chlorozotocin File:ENU.svg, Ethylnitrosourea File:Fotemustine.svg, Fotemustine File:Lomustine.svg, Lomustine File:N-Nitroso-N-methylurea.svg, ''N''-Nitroso-''N''-methylurea File:N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temozolomide
Temozolomide (TMZ), sold under the brand name Temodar among others, is a medication used to treat brain tumors such as glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma. Text was copied from this source which is © European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. It is taken by mouth or via intravenous infusion. The most common side effects with temozolomide are nausea, vomiting, constipation, loss of appetite, alopecia (hair loss), headache, fatigue, convulsions (seizures), rash, neutropenia or lymphopenia (low white-blood-cell counts), and thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet counts). People receiving the solution for infusion may also have injection-site reactions, such as pain, irritation, itching, warmth, swelling and redness, as well as bruising. Temozolomide is an alkylating agent used to treat serious brain cancers; most commonly as second-line treatments for astrocytoma and as the first-line treatment for glioblastoma. Olaparib in combinat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pipobroman
Pipobroman (trade names Vercite, Vercyte) is an anti-cancer drug that probably acts as an alkylating agent Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting al .... It is marketed in France and Italy. References Alkylating antineoplastic agents Organobromides Carboxamides Piperazines {{antineoplastic-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitobronitol
Mitobronitol (1,6-dibromo-1,6-dideoxy-D-mannitol) is a brominated analog of mannitol. It is an anticancer drug that is classified as an alkylating agent Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). Alkylating agents are reagents for effectin .... The Centre for Cancer Education References Alkylating antineoplastic agents Organobromides[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etoglucid
Etoglucid is a drug used in chemotherapy Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen. Chemotherap .... It is an epoxide compound. References Antineoplastic drugs Epoxides Ethers {{antineoplastic-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epoxide
In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether () with a three-atom ring. This ring approximates an equilateral triangle, which makes it strained, and hence highly reactive, more so than other ethers. They are produced on a large scale for many applications. In general, low molecular weight epoxides are colourless and nonpolar, and often volatile. Nomenclature A compound containing the epoxide functional group can be called an epoxy, epoxide, oxirane, and ethoxyline. Simple epoxides are often referred to as oxides. Thus, the epoxide of ethylene (C2H4) is ethylene oxide (C2H4O). Many compounds have trivial names; for instance, ethylene oxide is called "oxirane". Some names emphasize the presence of the epoxide functional group, as in the compound ''1,2-epoxyheptane'', which can also be called ''1,2-heptene oxide''. A polymer formed from epoxide precursors is called an ''epoxy'', but such materials do not contain epoxide groups (or contain only a few residual epoxy grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uramustine
Uramustine (INN) or uracil mustard is a chemotherapy drug which belongs to the class of alkylating agents. It is used in lymphatic malignancies such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It works by damaging DNA, primarily in cancer cells that preferentially take up the uracil due to their need to make nucleic acids during their rapid cycles of cell division. The DNA damage leads to apoptosis of the affected cells. Bone marrow suppression and nausea are the main side effects. Chemically it is a derivative of nitrogen mustard and uracil Uracil () (symbol U or Ura) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid RNA. The others are adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). In RNA, uracil binds to adenine via two hydrogen bonds. In DNA, the uracil nucleobase is replaced b .... References IARC Group 2B carcinogens Nitrogen mustards Pyrimidinediones Organochlorides Uracil derivatives Chloroethyl compounds {{antineoplastic-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ranimustine
Ranimustine (INN, marketed under the tradename Cymerin; also known as MCNU) is a nitrosourea alkylating agent approved in Japan for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and polycythemia vera. It has never been filed for FDA evaluation in the United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ..., where it is not marketed. References *Cymerin サイメリン(PDF) Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma. October 2007. Alkylating antineoplastic agents Nitrosamines Nitrosoureas Ureas Chloroethyl compounds {{antineoplastic-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nimustine
Nimustine () is a nitrosourea alkylating agent Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). Alkylating agents are reagents for effectin .... It is used to treat malignant brain tumors and has proven to be rather effective. References Alkylating antineoplastic agents Nitrosamines Nitrosoureas[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fotemustine
Fotemustine is a nitrosourea alkylating agent used in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. It is available in Europe but has not been approved by the United States FDA. A study has shown that fotemustine produces improved response rates and but does not increase survival (over dacarbazine Dacarbazine (DTIC), also known as imidazole carboxamide, is a chemotherapy medication used in the treatment of melanoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. For Hodgkin's it is often used together with vinblastine, bleomycin, and doxorubicin. It is given ... in the treatment of disseminated cutaneous melanoma. Median survival was 7.3 months with fotemustine versus 5.6 months with DTIC (P=.067). There was also toxicity prevalence in fotemustine arm. The main toxicity was grade 3 to 4 neutropenia (51% with fotemustine v 5% with DTIC) and thrombocytopenia (43% v 6%, respectively). External links Alkylating antineoplastic agents Nitrosamines Nitrosoureas Organochlorides Phosphonate esters Urea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streptozocin
Streptozotocin or streptozocin (INN, USP) (STZ) is a naturally occurring alkylating antineoplastic agent that is particularly toxic to the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas in mammals. It is used in medicine for treating certain cancers of the islets of Langerhans and used in medical research to produce an animal model for hyperglycemia and Alzheimer's in a large dose, as well as type 2 diabetes or type 1 diabetes Type 1 diabetes (T1D), formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that originates when cells that make insulin (beta cells) are destroyed by the immune system. Insulin is a hormone required for the cells to use blood sugar ... with multiple low doses. Usage Streptozotocin is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating metastatic cancer of the Islets of Langerhans, pancreatic islet cells. Since it carries a substantial risk of toxicity and rarely cures the cancer, its use is generally limited to patients w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
