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ATC Code J05
J05A Direct acting antiviral drugs J05AA Thiosemicarbazones :J05AA01 Metisazone J05AB Nucleosides and nucleotides excluding reverse transcriptase inhibitors :J05AB01 Aciclovir :J05AB02 Idoxuridine :J05AB03 Vidarabine :J05AB06 Ganciclovir :J05AB09 Famciclovir :J05AB11 Valaciclovir :J05AB12 Cidofovir :J05AB13 Penciclovir :J05AB14 Valganciclovir :J05AB15 Brivudine :J05AB16 Remdesivir :J05AB17 Brincidofovir :J05AB18 Molnupiravir J05AC Cyclic amines :J05AC02 Rimantadine :J05AC03 Tromantadine J05AD Phosphonic acid derivatives :J05AD01 Foscarnet :J05AD02 Fosfonet J05AE Protease inhibitors :J05AE01 Saquinavir :J05AE02 Indinavir :J05AE03 Ritonavir :J05AE04 Nelfinavir :J05AE05 Amprenavir :J05AE07 Fosamprenavir :J05AE08 Atazanavir :J05AE09 Tipranavir :J05AE10 Darunavir :J05AE30 Nirmatrelvir and ritonavir J05AF Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors :J05AF01 Zidovudine :J05AF02 Didanosine :J05AF03 Zalcitabine :J05AF04 Stavudine :J05AF05 Lamivudine :J05AF06 Abacavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antiviral Drug
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Unlike most antibiotics, antiviral drugs do not destroy their target pathogen; instead they inhibit its development. Antiviral drugs are one class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. They should be distinguished from viricides, which are not medication but deactivate or destroy virus particles, either inside or outside the body. Natural viricides are produced by some plants such as eucalyptus and Australian tea trees. Medical uses Most of the antiviral drugs now available are designed to help deal with HIV, herpes viruse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brincidofovir
Brincidofovir, sold under the brand name Tembexa, is an antiviral drug used to treat smallpox. Brincidofovir is a prodrug of cidofovir. Conjugated to a lipid, the compound is designed to release cidofovir intracellularly, allowing for higher intracellular and lower plasma concentrations of cidofovir, effectively increasing its activity against dsDNA viruses, as well as oral bioavailability. The most common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Brincidofovir was approved for medical use in the United States in June 2021. Medical uses Brincidofovir is indicated for the treatment of human smallpox disease caused by variola virus. Mechanism of Action Brincidofovir is a pro-drug that is composed of cidofovir, conjugated with a lipid molecule. The lipid aspect of the molecule takes on the action of endogenous lysopghosphatidyl choline, which then is able to enter cells in the body which are infected with smallpox. Once the infected cell takes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amprenavir
Amprenavir (original brand name Agenerase, GlaxoSmithKline) is a protease inhibitor used to treat HIV infection. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration on April 15, 1999, for twice-a-day dosing instead of needing to be taken every eight hours. The convenient dosing came at a price, as the dose required is 1,200 mg, delivered in 8 (eight) very large 150 mg gel capsules or 24 (twenty-four) 50 mg gel capsules twice daily. It was patented in 1992 and approved for medical use in 1999. Production of amprenavir was discontinued by the manufacturer on December 31, 2004; a prodrug version (fosamprenavir), is available. Background Research aimed at development of renin inhibitors as potential antihypertensive agents had led to the discovery of compounds that blocked the action of this peptide cleaving enzyme. The amino acid sequence cleaved by renin was found to be fortuitously the same as that required to produce the HIV peptide coat. Structure–activity studies o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nelfinavir
Nelfinavir, sold under the brand name Viracept, is an antiretroviral medication used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Nelfinavir belongs to the class of drugs known as protease inhibitors (PIs) and like other PIs is almost always used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. Nelfinavir is an orally bioavailable human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 protease inhibitor (Ki = 2 nM) and is widely prescribed in combination with HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors for the treatment of HIV infection. It was patented in 1992 and approved for medical use in 1997. Toxicity Common (>1%) side effects include insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and lipodystrophy. Nelfinavir can produce a range of adverse side effects. Flatulence, diarrhea, or abdominal pain are common (i.e. experienced by more than one in one hundred patients). Fatigue, urination, rash, mouth ulcers, or hepatitis are less frequent effects (experienced by one in one thousand to one in one hundred patients). Nephrolithia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ritonavir
Ritonavir, sold under the brand name Norvir, is an antiretroviral drug used along with other medications to treat HIV/AIDS. This combination treatment is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Ritonavir is a protease inhibitor and is used with other protease inhibitors. It may also be used in combination with other medications to treat hepatitis C and COVID-19. It is taken by mouth. Tablets of ritonavir are not bioequivalent to capsules, as the tablets may result in higher peak plasma concentrations. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and numbness of the hands and feet. Serious side effects include liver problems, pancreatitis, allergic reactions, and arrythmias. Serious interactions may occur with a number of other medications including amiodarone and simvastatin. At low doses it is considered to be acceptable for use during pregnancy. Ritonavir is of the protease inhibitor class. Typically, however, it is used to inhibit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indinavir
Indinavir (IDV; trade name Crixivan, made by Merck) is a protease inhibitor used as a component of highly active antiretroviral therapy to treat HIV/AIDS. It is soluble white powder administered orally in combination with other antiviral drugs. The drug prevents protease from functioning normally. Consequently, HIV viruses cannot reproduce, causing a decrease in the viral load. Commercially sold indinavir is indinavir anhydrous, which is indinavir with an additional amine in the hydroxyethylene backbone. This enhances its solubility and oral bioavailability, making it easier for users to intake. It was synthetically produced for the purpose of inhibiting the protease in the HIV virus. Currently, it is not recommended for use in HIV/AIDS treatment due to its side effects. Furthermore, it is controversial for many reasons starting from its development to its usage. It was patented in 1991 and approved for medical use in 1996. Medical uses Indinavir does not cure HIV/AIDS, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saquinavir
Saquinavir (SQV), sold under the brand names Invirase and Fortovase, is an antiretroviral drug used together with other medications to treat or prevent HIV/AIDS. Typically it is used with ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir to increase its effect. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and feeling tired. More serious side effects include problems with QT prolongation, heart block, high blood lipids, and liver problems. It appears to be safe in pregnancy. It is in the protease inhibitor class and works by blocking the HIV protease. Saquinavir was patented in 1988 and first sold in 1995. Medical uses Saquinavir is used together with other medications to treat or prevent HIV/AIDS. Typically it is used with ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir to increase its effect. Side effects The most frequent adverse events with saquinavir in either formulation are mild gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, nausea, loose stools and abdominal di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protease Inhibitors
Protease inhibitors (PIs) are medications that act by interfering with enzymes that cleave proteins. Some of the most well known are antiviral drugs widely used to treat HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C. These protease inhibitors prevent viral replication by selectively binding to viral proteases (e.g. HIV-1 protease) and blocking proteolytic cleavage of protein precursors that are necessary for the production of infectious viral particles. Protease inhibitors that have been developed and are currently used in clinical practice include: * Antiretroviral HIV-1 protease inhibitors—class stem ** Amprenavir ** Atazanavir ** Darunavir ** Fosamprenavir ** Indinavir ** Lopinavir ** Nelfinavir ** Ritonavir ** Saquinavir ** Tipranavir * Hepatitis C virus NS3/ 4A protease inhibitors—class stem ** Asunaprevir ** Boceprevir ** Grazoprevir ** Glecaprevir ** Paritaprevir ** Simeprevir ** Telaprevir * Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 3-chymotrypsin-like p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foscarnet
Foscarnet (phosphonomethanoic acid), known by its brand name Foscavir, is an antiviral medication which is primarily used to treat viral infections involving the Herpesviridae family. It is classified as a pyrophosphate analog DNA polymerase inhibitor. Foscarnet is the conjugate base of a chemical compound with the formula HO2CPO3H2 (Trisodium phosphonoformate). Foscarnet was approved for medical use in 1991. Medical use This phosphonic acid derivative (marketed by Clinigen as foscarnet sodium under the trade name Foscavir) is an antiviral medication used to treat herpes viruses, including drug-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). It is particularly used to treat CMV retinitis. Foscarnet can be used to treat highly treatment-experienced patients with HIV as part of salvage therapy. Mechanism of action Foscarnet is a structural mimic of the anion pyrophosphate that selectively inhibits the pyrophosphate binding site on v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tromantadine
Tromantadine is an antiviral medicine used to treat herpes simplex virus. It is available in a topical gel under trade names Viru-Merz and Viru-Merz Serol. Its performance is similar to aciclovir. Like rimantadine, amantadine, and adapromine, tromantadine is a derivative of adamantane. Mechanism Tromantadine inhibits the early and late events in the virus replication cycle. It changes the glycoproteins of the host cells, therefore impeding the absorption of the virus. It inhibits penetration of the virus. It also prevents uncoating of the virions. Synthesis Amide formation between amantadine and chloroacetyl chloride Chloroacetyl chloride is a chlorinated acyl chloride. It is a bifunctional compound, making it a useful building block chemical. Production Industrially, it is produced by the carbonylation of methylene chloride, oxidation of vinylidene chl ... gives N-Adamantan-1-yl-2-chloro-acetamide 689-59-8(1). Ether formation with Deanol (2) then completes the synt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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