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ATC Code D08
D08A Antiseptics and disinfectants D08AA Acridine derivatives :D08AA01 Ethacridine lactate :D08AA02 Aminoacridine :D08AA03 Euflavine :QD08AA99 Acridine derivatives, combinations D08AB Aluminium agents D08AC Biguanides and amidines :D08AC01 Dibrompropamidine :D08AC02 Chlorhexidine :D08AC03 Propamidine :D08AC04 Hexamidine :D08AC05 Polihexanide :D08AC52 Chlorhexidine, combinations :QD08AC54 Hexamidine, combinations D08AD Boric acid products D08AE Phenol and derivatives :D08AE01 Hexachlorophene :D08AE02 Policresulen :D08AE03 Phenol :D08AE04 Triclosan :D08AE05 Chloroxylenol :D08AE06 Biphenylol :QD08AE99 Phenol and derivatives, combinations D08AF Nitrofuran derivatives :D08AF01 Nitrofural D08AG Iodine products :D08AG01 Iodine/ octylphenoxypolyglycolether :D08AG02 Povidone-iodine :D08AG03 Iodine :D08AG04 Diiodohydroxypropane :QD08AG53 Iodine, combinations D08AH Quinoline derivatives :D08AH01 Dequalinium :D08AH02 Chlorquinaldol :D08AH03 Oxyquinoline :D08AH30 Clioquinol D08AJ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acridine
Acridine is an organic compound and a nitrogen heterocycle with the formula C13H9N. Acridines are substituted derivatives of the parent ring. It is a planar molecule that is structurally related to anthracene with one of the central CH groups replaced by nitrogen. Like the related molecules pyridine and quinoline, acridine is mildly basic. It is an almost colorless solid, which crystallizes in needles. There are few commercial applications of acridines; at one time acridine dyes were popular, but they are now relegated to niche applications, such as with acridine orange. The name is a reference to the acrid odour and acrid skin-irritating effect of the compound. Isolation and syntheses Carl Gräbe and Heinrich Caro first isolated acridine in 1870 from coal tar. Acridine is separated from coal tar by extracting with dilute sulfuric acid. Addition of potassium dichromate to this solution precipitates acridine bichromate. The bichromate is decomposed using ammonia. Acridine an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloroxylenol
Chloroxylenol, also known as ''para''-chloro-''meta''-xylenol (PCMX), is an antiseptic and disinfectant which is used for skin disinfection, and together with alcohol for cleaning surgical instruments. It is also used within a number of household disinfectants and wound cleaners. It is thought to act by disrupting microbial cell walls and inactivating cellular enzymes, and is less effective than some other available agents. It is available as a liquid. History Chloroxylenol was first made in 1927. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is sold in a number of formulations and under a number of brand names, including ''Dettol''. Soon after it was created ''parachlorometaxylenol'' was then called ''PCMX'', but this was thought to be a poor name and it was renamed ''Dettol''. Then in 1932 it was marketed in Britain and in India. It had a white on green bottle with a white sword depicted. Properties Side effects are generally few but can inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzalkonium
Benzalkonium chloride (BZK, BKC, BAK, BAC), also known as alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC) and by the trade name Zephiran, is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt classified as a quaternary ammonium compound. ADBACs have three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and a phase transfer agent. ADBACs are a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides, in which the alkyl group has various even-numbered alkyl chain lengths. Solubility and physical properties Depending on purity, benzalkonium chloride ranges from colourless to a pale yellow (impure). Benzalkonium chloride is readily soluble in ethanol and acetone. Dissolution in water is ready, upon agitation. Aqueous solutions should be neutral to slightly alkaline. Solutions foam when shaken. Concentrated solutions have a bitter taste and a faint almond-like odour. Standard concentrates are manufactured as 50% and 80% w/w solutions, and sold under trade names such as BC50, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clioquinol
Clioquinol (iodochlorhydroxyquin) is an antifungal drug and antiprotozoal drug. It is neurotoxic in large doses. It is a member of a family of drugs called hydroxyquinolines which inhibit certain enzymes related to DNA replication. The drugs have been found to have activity against both viral and protozoal infections. Antiprotozoal use A 1964 report described the use of clioquinol in both the treatment and prevention of shigella infection and ''Entamoeba histolytica'' infection in institutionalized individuals at Sonoma State Hospital in California. The report indicates 4000 individuals were treated over a 4-year period with few side effects. Several recently reported journal articles describing its use as an antiprotozoal include: * A 2005 reference to its use in treating a Dutch family for ''Entamoeba histolytica'' infection. * A 2004 reference to its use in the Netherlands in the treatment of ''Dientamoeba fragilis'' infection. * A 1979 reference to the use in Zaire in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxyquinoline
8-Hydroxyquinoline (also known as oxine) is a chelate, chelating agent which has been used for the Quantitative analysis (chemistry), quantitative determination of metal ions. In aqueous solution 8-hydroxyquinoline has a pKa value of ca. 9.9 It reacts with metal ions, losing the proton and forming 8-hydroxyquinolinato-chelate complexes. The aluminium complex is a common component of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Variations in the substituents on the quinoline rings affect its luminescence properties. In the photochemically induced excited-state zwitterionic isomers are formed in which the hydrogen atom is transferred from oxygen to nitrogen. The complexes as well as the heterocycle itself exhibit antiseptic, disinfectant, and pesticide properties, functioning as a transcription inhibitor. Its solution in alcohol is used in liquid bandages. It once was of interest as an anti-cancer drug. A thiol analogue, 8-Mercaptoquinoline, 8-mercaptoquinoline is also known. The r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorquinaldol
Chlorquinaldol is an antimicrobial agent and antiseptic. It is a chlorinated derivative of the popular chelating agent 8-hydroxyquinoline. It is applied topically as a cream and internally as a losenge. It was marketed by Geigy as an intestinal antiseptic and amebicide with the trade name Siosteran. References Antiprotozoal agents Antiseptics Chloroarenes Quinolinols {{Genito-urinary-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dequalinium
Dequalinium is a quaternary ammonium cation and bolaamphiphile commonly available as the dichloride salt. The bromide, iodide, acetate, and undecenoate salts are known as well. Dequalinium chloride is the active ingredient of several medications: ''Dequadin'' an antiseptic and disinfectant. It is a topical bacteriostat. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action. It may cause skin ulceration. ''Fluomizin'', vaginal tablets containing 10 mg dequalinium chloride, are used for treating vaginal bacterial conditions (i.e. Bacterial Vaginosis Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a disease of the vagina caused by excessive growth of bacteria. Common symptoms include increased vaginal discharge that often smells like fish. The discharge is usually white or gray in color. Burning with urination ... and aerobic vaginitis). The dequalinium dication is symmetrical, containing two quaternary quinolinium units linked by an N-decylene chain. Appli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quinoline
Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C9H7N. It is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a strong odor. Aged samples, especially if exposed to light, become yellow and later brown. Quinoline is only slightly soluble in cold water but dissolves readily in hot water and most organic solvents. Quinoline itself has few applications, but many of its derivatives are useful in diverse applications. A prominent example is quinine, an alkaloid found in plants. Over 200 biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids are identified. 4-Hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines (HAQs) are involved in antibiotic resistance. Occurrence and isolation Quinoline was first extracted from coal tar in 1834 by German chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge; he called quinoline ''leukol'' ("white oil" in Greek). Coal tar remains the principal source of commercial quinoline. In 1842, French chemist Charles Gerhardt obtained a compound by dry distilling quinine, stry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diiodohydroxypropane
Diiodohydroxypropane is an antiseptic An antiseptic (from Greek ἀντί ''anti'', "against" and σηπτικός ''sēptikos'', "putrefactive") is an antimicrobial substance or compound that is applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putre ... and disinfectant. It is also known as jothion or iothion. References Secondary alcohols Organoiodides Halohydrins {{Dermatologic-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Povidone-iodine
Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), also known as iodopovidone, is an antiseptic used for skin disinfection before and after surgery. It may be used both to disinfect the hands of healthcare providers and the skin of the person they are caring for. It may also be used for minor wounds. It may be applied to the skin as a liquid or a powder. Side effects include skin irritation and sometimes swelling. If used on large wounds, kidney problems, high blood sodium, and metabolic acidosis may occur. It is not recommended in women who are less than 32 weeks pregnant. Frequent use is not recommended in people with thyroid problems or are taking lithium. Povidone-iodine is a chemical complex of povidone, hydrogen iodide, and elemental iodine. It contains 10% Povidone, with total iodine species equaling 10,000 ppm or 1% total titratable iodine. It works by releasing iodine which results in the death of a range of microorganisms. Povidone-iodine came into commercial use in 1955. It is on the World ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a violet gas at . The element was discovered by the French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811 and was named two years later by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, after the Ancient Greek 'violet-coloured'. Iodine occurs in many oxidation states, including iodide (I−), iodate (), and the various periodate anions. It is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element. As the heaviest essential mineral nutrient, iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities. The dominant producers of iodine today are Chile and Japan. Due to its high atomic number and ease of attachment to organic compound ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
