|
ATC Code C09
C09A ACE inhibitors, plain C09AA ACE inhibitors, plain :C09AA01 Captopril :C09AA02 Enalapril :C09AA03 Lisinopril :C09AA04 Perindopril :C09AA05 Ramipril :C09AA06 Quinapril :C09AA07 Benazepril :C09AA08 Cilazapril :C09AA09 Fosinopril :C09AA10 Trandolapril :C09AA11 Spirapril :C09AA12 Delapril :C09AA13 Moexipril :C09AA14 Temocapril :C09AA15 Zofenopril :C09AA16 Imidapril C09B ACE inhibitors, combinations C09BA ACE inhibitors and diuretics :C09BA01 Captopril and diuretics :C09BA02 Enalapril and diuretics :C09BA03 Lisinopril and diuretics :C09BA04 Perindopril and diuretics :C09BA05 Ramipril and diuretics :C09BA06 Quinapril and diuretics :C09BA07 Benazepril and diuretics :C09BA08 Cilazapril and diuretics :C09BA09 Fosinopril and diuretics :C09BA12 Delapril and diuretics :C09BA13 Moexipril and diuretics :C09BA15 Zofenopril and diuretics C09BB ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers :C09BB02 Enalapril and lercanidipine :C09BB03 Lisinopril/amlodipine, Lisinopril and amlodipine :C09BB04 Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ACE Inhibitor
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of hypertension, high blood pressure and heart failure. They work by causing relaxation of blood vessels as well as a decrease in blood volume, which leads to lower blood pressure and decreased oxygen demand from the heart. ACE inhibitors Enzyme inhibitor, inhibit the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme, an important component of the renin–angiotensin system which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, and hydrolyses bradykinin. Therefore, ACE inhibitors decrease the formation of angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor, and increase the level of bradykinin, a peptide vasodilator. This combination is synergistic in lowering blood pressure. As a result of inhibiting the ACE enzyme in the bradykinin system, the ACE inhibitor drugs allow for increased levels of bradykinin which would normally be degraded. Bradykinin produces prostaglandin. This mechanism can expl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lercanidipine
Lercanidipine (trade name Zanidip, among others) is an antihypertensive (blood pressure lowering) drug. It belongs to the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel blockers, which work by relaxing and opening the blood vessels allowing the blood to circulate more freely around the body. This lowers the blood pressure and allows the heart to work more efficiently. The drug acts more slowly than older dihydropyridines. It probably has fewer adverse effects, but a comparatively high potential for drug interactions. It was patented in 1984 and approved for medical use in 1997. Medical uses Lercanidipine is used for the treatment of essential hypertension (high blood pressure). Lercanidipine seems to be a good agent in treating hypertensive patients that also have kidney issues. Contraindications Like other dihydropyridines, lercanidipine is contraindicated in unstable angina pectoris, uncontrolled cardiac failure, shortly after a myocardial infarction, and in patients with le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Losartan
Losartan, sold under the brand name Cozaar among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is in the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) family of medication, and is considered protective of the kidneys. Besides hypertension, it is also used in diabetic kidney disease, heart failure, and left ventricular enlargement. It comes as a tablet that is taken Oral administration, by mouth. It may be used alone or in addition to other blood pressure medication. Up to six weeks may be required for the full effects to occur. Common adverse effects include muscle cramps, stuffy nose, cough, hyperkalemia, high blood potassium, and anemia. Severe adverse effects may include angioedema, low blood pressure, and kidney problems. Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby. Use is not recommended during breastfeeding. It works by blocking angiotensin II. Losartan was patented in 1986, and approved for medical use in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), formally angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) antagonists, also known as angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or AT1 receptor antagonists, are a group of pharmaceuticals that bind to and inhibit the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) and thereby block the arteriolar contraction and sodium retention effects of renin–angiotensin system. Their main uses are in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage due to diabetes) and congestive heart failure. They ''selectively'' block the activation of the AT1 receptor, preventing the binding of angiotensin II compared to ACE inhibitors. ARBs and the similar-attributed ACE inhibitors are both indicated as the first-line antihypertensives in patients developing hypertension along with left-sided heart failure. However, ARBs appear to produce less adverse effects compared to ACE inhibitors. Medical uses Angiotensin II ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pimobendan
Pimobendan (INN, or pimobendane; tradenames Vetmedin, Acardi) is a veterinary medication. It is a calcium sensitizer and a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) with positive inotropic and vasodilator effects. Pimobendan is used in the management of heart failure in dogs, most commonly caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease (also previously known as endocardiosis), or dilated cardiomyopathy. Research has shown that as a monotherapy, pimobendan increases survival time and improves quality of life in canine patients with congestive heart failure secondary to mitral valve disease when compared with benazepril, an ACE inhibitor. However, in clinical practice, it is often used in conjunction with an ACE inhibitor like enalapril or benazepril. Under the trade name Acardi, it is available for human use in Japan. Mechanism of action Pimobendan is a positive inotrope (increases myocardial contractility). It sensitizes and increases the binding efficiency of cardiac trop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic medication often used to treat high blood pressure and swelling due to fluid build-up. Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine. Hydrochlorothiazide is less effective than chlortalidone for prevention of heart attack or stroke. Hydrochlorothiazide is taken by mouth and may be combined with other blood pressure medications as a single pill to increase effectiveness. Potential side effects include poor kidney function; electrolyte imbalances, including low blood potassium, and, less commonly, low blood sodium, gout, high blood sugar, and feeling lightheaded with standing. While allergies to hydrochlorothiazide are reported to occur more often in those with allergies to sulfa drugs, this association is not well supported. It may be used during pregnancy, but it is not a first-line medication in this group. It is in the th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bisoprolol
Bisoprolol, sold under the brand name Zebeta among others, is a beta blocker medication used for heart diseases. This includes tachyarrhythmias, high blood pressure, chest pain from not enough blood flow to the heart, and heart failure. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include headache, feeling tired, diarrhea, and swelling in the legs. More severe side effects include worsening asthma, blocking the ability to recognize low blood sugar, and worsening heart failure. There are concerns that use during pregnancy may be harmful to the baby. Bisoprolol is in the beta blocker family of medications and is of the β1 selective type. Bisoprolol is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Bisoprolol is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 267th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1million prescriptions. Medical uses Bisoprolol is currently used for prevention of cardiovascular events following a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indapamide
Indapamide is a thiazide-like diuretic drug used in the treatment of hypertension, as well as decompensated heart failure. Combination preparations with perindopril (an ACE inhibitor antihypertensive) are available. The thiazide-like diuretics (indapamide and chlorthalidone) reduce risk of major cardiovascular events and heart failure in hypertensive patients compared with hydrochlorothiazide with a comparable incidence of adverse events. Both thiazide diuretics and thiazide-like diuretics are effective in reducing risk of stroke. Both drug classes appear to have comparable rates of adverse effects as other antihypertensives such as angiotensin II receptor blockers and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and lesser prevalence of side-effects when compared to ACE-inhibitors and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. It was patented in 1968 and approved for medical use in 1977. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Medical uses Its in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benazepril/amlodipine
Amlodipine/benazepril, sold under the brand name Lotrel among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure. It is a combination of amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker and benazepril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. It may be used if a single agent is not sufficient. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include cough, dizziness, and swelling. Serious side effects may include angioedema, myocardial infarction, high blood potassium, liver problems, and low blood pressure. Use in pregnancy is not recommended. Amlodipine works by increasing the size of arteries while benazepril works by decreasing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity. The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in 1995. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 169th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3million prescriptions. Medical uses It is used to treat high blood pressure H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manidipine
Manidipine is a calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine type) that is used clinically as an antihypertensive Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests tha .... It was patented in 1982 and approved for medical use in 1990. References Calcium channel blockers Cyclizines CYP2D6 inhibitors Dihydropyridines Nitrobenzenes Carboxylate esters {{Cardiovascular-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trandolapril/verapamil
Trandolapril/verapamil (Tarka) is an oral antihypertensive medication that combines a slow release formulation of verapamil hydrochloride, a calcium channel blocker, and an immediate release formulation of trandolapril, an ACE inhibitor. The patent, held by Abbott Laboratories Abbott Laboratories is an American multinational medical devices and health care company with headquarters in Abbott Park, Illinois, United States. The company was founded by Chicago physician Wallace Calvin Abbott in 1888 to formulate known dr ..., expired on February 24, 2015. This combination medication contains angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and calcium channel blocker and is prescribed for high blood pressure. References External links * Combination antihypertensive drugs Drugs developed by AbbVie {{Antihypertensive-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrendipine
Nitrendipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is used in the treatment of primary (essential) hypertension to decrease blood pressure and can reduce the cardiotoxicity of cocaine. It was patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in 1985. Medical uses Nitrendipine is given to hypertensive individuals in 20 mg oral tablets every day. This amount is effective in reducing blood pressure by 15–20% within 1–2 hours of administration. With long-term treatments, the dosage may rise to as much as 40 mg/day; in elderly individuals, a lower dosage of up to 5 mg/day may be equally effective (this reduction in drug amount is attributed to decreased liver function or “first pass” metabolism). Once digested, nitrendipine is absorbed into the blood and binds to plasma proteins. The majority (98%) is bound to plasma proteins and 70-80% of its inactive polar metabolites are also bound to plasma proteins. Following hepatic metabolism, 80% of the 20& ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
