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ATC Code A05
A05A Bile therapy A05AA Bile acids and derivatives :A05AA01 Chenodeoxycholic acid :A05AA02 Ursodeoxycholic acid :A05AA03 Cholic acid :A05AA04 Obeticholic acid A05AB Preparations for biliary tract therapy :A05AB01 Nicotinyl methylamide A05AX Other drugs for bile therapy :A05AX01 Piprozolin :A05AX02 Hymecromone :A05AX03 Cyclobutyrol :A05AX04 Maralixibat chloride :A05AX05 Odevixibat :QA05AX90 Menbutone A05B Liver therapy, lipotropics A05BA Liver therapy :A05BA01 Arginine glutamate :A05BA03 Silymarin :A05BA04 Citiolone :A05BA05 Epomediol :A05BA06 Ornithine oxoglutarate :A05BA07 Tidiacic arginine :A05BA08 Glycyrrhizic acid (glycyrrhizin) :A05BA09 Metadoxine :QA05BA90 Methionine Methionine (symbol Met or M) () is an essential amino acid in humans. As the precursor of other amino acids such as cysteine and taurine, versatile compounds such as SAM-e, and the important antioxidant glutathione, methionine plays a critical ro ... A05C Drugs for bile therapy and lipotropic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chenodeoxycholic Acid
Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA; also known as chenodesoxycholic acid, chenocholic acid and 3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid) is a bile acid. Salts of this carboxylic acid are called chenodeoxycholates. Chenodeoxycholic acid is one of the main bile acids. It was first isolated from the bile of the domestic goose, which gives it the "cheno" portion of its name (Greek: χήν = goose). Structure Chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid are the two primary bile acids in humans. Chenodeoxycholic acid has two hydroxyl groups and is modified with the addition of another hydroxyl group to produce cholic acid. Some other mammals have muricholic acid or deoxycholic acid rather than chenodeoxycholic acid. It occurs as a white crystalline substance insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and acetic acid, with melting point at 165–167 °C. Biosynthesis and function Chenodeoxycholic acid is synthesized in the liver from cholesterol via several enzymatic steps. Like other bile a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arginine Glutamate
Arginine glutamate (also called glutargin) is a mixture of two amino acids, 50% arginine and 50% glutamic acid Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; the ionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can synt ..., used in liver therapy. Amino acids Combination drugs {{gastrointestinal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) () is an essential amino acid in humans. As the precursor of other amino acids such as cysteine and taurine, versatile compounds such as SAM-e, and the important antioxidant glutathione, methionine plays a critical role in the metabolism and health of many species, including humans. It is encoded by the codon AUG. Methionine is also an important part of angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels. Supplementation may benefit those suffering from copper poisoning. Overconsumption of methionine, the methyl group donor in DNA methylation, is related to cancer growth in a number of studies. Methionine was first isolated in 1921 by John Howard Mueller. Biochemical details Methionine (abbreviated as Met or M; encoded by the codon AUG) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological pH conditions), an amino group (which is in the protonated fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metadoxine
Metadoxine, also known as pyridoxine-pyrrolidone carboxylate, is a drug used to treat chronic and acute alcohol intoxication. Metadoxine accelerates alcohol clearance from the blood. Metadoxine is an ion pair salt of pyridoxine and pyrrolidone carboxylate (PCA). Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is a precursor of coenzymes including pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP), which accelerates the metabolic degradation of ethanol and prevents adenosine triphosphate (ATP) inactivation by acetaldehyde. Pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzymes also play a role in the biosynthesis of four important neurotransmitters: serotonin (5-HT), epinephrine, norepinephrine and GABA: see vitamin B6 functions. L-PGA is present in the diet and is produced endogenously by enzymatic conversion of gamma-glutamyl amino acids to L-PGA and free amino acids. In the central nervous system (CNS), L-PGA was found to have a role in composition of neuro-active molecules. Its production has been linked to hepatic gamma-gluta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glycyrrhizic Acid
Glycyrrhizin (or glycyrrhizic acid or glycyrrhizinic acid) is the chief sweet-tasting constituent of ''Glycyrrhiza glabra'' (liquorice) root. Structurally, it is a saponin used as an emulsifier and gel-forming agent in foodstuffs and cosmetics. Its aglycone is enoxolone. Pharmacokinetics After oral ingestion, glycyrrhizin is hydrolysed to 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (enoxolone) by intestinal bacteria. After absorption from the gut, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid is metabolised to 3β-monoglucuronyl-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid in the liver. This metabolite circulates in the bloodstream. Consequently, its oral bioavailability is poor. Most of it is eliminated by bile and only a minor part (0.31–0.67%) by urine. After oral ingestion of 600 mg of glycyrrhizin the metabolite appeared in urine after 1.5 to 14 hours. Maximal concentrations (0.49 to 2.69 mg/L) were achieved after 1.5 to 39 hours and metabolite can be detected in the urine after 2 to 4 days. Flavouring properties Glycyrrhizin i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tidiacic Arginine
Tidiacic is a hepatoprotective drug. It is a component of tidiacic arginine. Tidiacic arginine (trade name Tiadilon) is a 1:1 combination of the amino acid arginine Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H. The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO2−) and both the am ... and tidiacic (thiazolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid), which acts as a sulfur donor. In France, its indications and use have been described as "identical to those of silymarin". Retrieved on January 6, 2009 through Google Book Search. References Further reading * {{Gastrointestinal-drug-stub Drugs acting on the gastrointestinal system and metabolism Combination drugs Dicarboxylic acids Thiazolidines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ornithine Oxoglutarate
Ornithine oxoglutarate (OGO) or ornithine α-ketoglutarate (OKG) is a drug used in liver therapy. It is the salt formed from ornithine and alpha-ketoglutaric acid. It is also used to improve nutritional health in elderly patients. References Amino acids Combination drugs {{gastrointestinal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epomediol
Epomediol (trade name Clesidren) is a synthetic terpenoid with choleretic effects. It has been used in the symptomatic treatment of itching due to intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), also known as obstetric cholestasis, cholestasis of pregnancy, jaundice of pregnancy, and prurigo gravidarum, is a medical condition in which cholestasis occurs during pregnancy. It typically presents wi .... References Monoterpenes {{gastrointestinal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citiolone
Citiolone is a drug used in liver therapy. It is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine. Citilone has also been studied with regards to hypothermia due to it being a hydroxyl free radical scavenger. The drug has been shown to protect hamster Hamsters are rodents (order Rodentia) belonging to the subfamily Cricetinae, which contains 19 species classified in seven genera.Fox, Sue. 2006. ''Hamsters''. T.F.H. Publications Inc. They have become established as popular small pets. The b ... cells subjected to temperature conditions of 8-25 °C. References Amino acid derivatives Acetamides Thiolanes Thiolactones {{gastrointestinal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silymarin
Silibinin (International Nonproprietary Name, INN), also known as silybin (both from ''Silybum'', the Genus–differentia definition, generic name of the plant from which it is extracted), is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the Silybum marianum, milk thistle seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silychristin, silidianin, and others. Silibinin itself is a mixture of two diastereomers, silybin A and silybin B, in approximately equimolar ratio. The mixture exhibits a number of pharmacological effects, particularly in the fatty liver, non-alcoholic fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and there is great clinical evidence for the use of silibinin as a supportive element in Alcoholic liver cirrhosis, alcoholic and Child–Pugh score, Child–Pugh grade 'A' liver cirrhosis. However, despite its several beneficial effects on the liver, silibinin and all the other compounds found in silymarin, espe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ursodeoxycholic Acid
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), also known as ursodiol, is a secondary bile acid, produced in humans and most other species from metabolism by intestinal bacteria. It is synthesized in the liver in some species, and was first identified in bile of bears of genus ''Ursus'', from which its name derived. In purified form, it has been used to treat or prevent several diseases of the liver or bile ducts. It is available as a generic medication. Medical uses UDCA has been used as medical therapy in gallstone disease (cholelithiasis) and for biliary sludge. UDCA helps reduce the cholesterol saturation of bile and leads to gradual dissolution of cholesterol-rich gallstones. UDCA may be given after bariatric surgery to prevent cholelithiasis, which commonly occurs due to the rapid weight loss producing biliary cholesterol oversaturation and also biliary dyskinesia secondary hormonal changes. Primary biliary cholangitis UDCA is used as therapy in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC; previou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
