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A. J. Smitherman
Andrew Jackson Smitherman (December 1883 - June 1961) was an American lawyer, journalist, and civil rights activist. Smitherman began his journalism career in 1908 in Muskogee, Oklahoma where he wrote for the ''Muskogee Cimiter'' before founding the ''Muskogee Star'' in 1912. He later founded the ''Tulsa Star'' after moving to Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1913. Smitherman was a community leader of the Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma until the Tulsa Race Massacre. After the massacre, Smitherman was falsely accused of inciting a riot, and left the state where he would eventually settle in Buffalo, New York and found the ''Buffalo Star'' in 1932. Early life and education Andrew Jackson Smitherman was born in Childersburg, Alabama on Dec. 27, 1883. He was the second of eleven children. His father owned a coal business and his mother was a schoolteacher. His family moved to Indian Territory when he was a child. After finishing secondary school, he attended the University of Kansas and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Childersburg, Alabama
Childersburg is a city in Talladega County in the U.S. state of Alabama. It was incorporated in 1889. At the 2020 census, the population was 4,754. It has a history dating back before 1540, when it was noted as a village of the Coosa Nation visited by the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto. It is said a member of De Soto’s crew fell ill and was left to settle in the area of present day Childersburg where the Coosa people cared for the ill explorer. The Alabama Army Ammunition Plant, important during World War II, was located north of Childersburg. Geography Childersburg is located at (33.275187, −86.353166). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and , or 2.00%, is water. The city is located along the Coosa River in western Talladega County along US Routes 280 and 231. US 280 and 231 run northwest to southeast through the city, leading northwest 7 mi (11 km) to Harpersville and 37 mi (60 km) to Birmingha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Associated Negro Press
The Associated Negro Press (ANP) was an American news service founded in 1919 in Chicago, Illinois by Claude Albert Barnett. The ANP had correspondents, writers, reporters in all major centers of the black population in the United States of America. It supplied news stories, opinions, columns, feature essays, book and movie reviews, critical and comprehensive coverage of events, personalities, and institutions relevant to black Americans. As the ANP grew into a global network. It supplied the vast majority of black newspapers with twice weekly packets. The office of the Associated Negro Press was located at 312 South Clark Street in Chicago. The ANP served about 150 U.S. Negro newspapers and 100 newspapers in Africa in French and English. It is stated in ''The Rise & Fall of the Negro Press'' by Gerald Horne that from 1865 to 1900 approximately 12,000 newspapers catering to African Americans were in existence. From 1933 to 1940 the Office of War Information wrote that there were a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African-American Activists
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of enslaved Africans who are from the United States. While some Black immigrants or their children may also come to identify as African-American, the majority of first generation immigrants do not, preferring to identify with their nation of origin. African Americans constitute the second largest racial group in the U.S. after White Americans, as well as the third largest ethnic group after Hispanic and Latino Americans. Most African Americans are descendants of enslaved people within the boundaries of the present United States. On average, African Americans are of West/ Central African with some European descent; some also have Native American and other ancestry. According to U.S. Census Bureau data, African immigrants generally do not sel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1961 Deaths
Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 (Koivulahti air disaster): Douglas DC-3C OH-LCC of Finnish airline Finnair, Aero crashes near Kvevlax (Koivulahti), on approach to Vaasa Airport in Finland, killing all 25 on board, due to pilot error: an investigation finds that the Captain (civil aviation), captain and First officer (civil aviation), first officer were both exhausted for lack of sleep, and had consumed excessive amounts of alcohol at the time of the crash. It remains the deadliest air disaster to occur in the country. * January 5 ** Italian sculptor Alfredo Fioravanti marches into the U.S. Consulate in Rome, and confesses that he was part of the team that forged the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. ** After the 1960 Turkish coup d'état, 1960 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1883 Births
Events January–March * January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States. * January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people. * January 16 – The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing the United States civil service, is passed. * January 19 – The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires begins service in Roselle, New Jersey, United States, installed by Thomas Edison. * February – ''The Adventures of Pinocchio'' by Carlo Collodi is first published complete in book form, in Italy. * February 15 – Tokyo Electrical Lightning Grid, predecessor of Tokyo Electrical Power (TEPCO), one of the largest electrical grids in Asia and the world, is founded in Japan. * February 16 – The '' Ladies' Home Journal'' is published for the first time, in the United States. * February 23 – Alabama becomes the first U.S. stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tulsa Outrage
The Tulsa Outrage was an act of vigilante violence perpetrated by the Knights of Liberty — a group understood at the time to be a contemporaneous incarnation of the Ku Klux Klan — against members of the Industrial Workers of the World on November 9, 1917 in Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma. Background Prior to World War I, the Industrial Workers of the World saw some success in unionizing oil workers in Oklahoma. In April 1917 The United States entered World War I while the Oklahoma Legislature was out of session. Governor Robert L. Williams used the war as justification for the creation of the State Council of Defense and local county councils of defense to oversee the state during the war. Williams personally appointed members to these councils. Since the councils were created without the approval of the legislature, they were understood to lack legal authority and to be extralegal. The Councils of Defense relied on public opinion in order to maintain legitimacy. In practice, this mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Association Of Black Journalists Hall Of Fame
The National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame is a hall of fame project of the National Association of Black Journalists (NABJ) honoring African-American and other journalists. The original Hall of Fame list was established on April 5, 1990, with the induction of seven individuals. No further individuals were inducted until the Hall of Fame was revived by the NABJ in 2004. Since 2004, several individuals have been inducted to the Hall of Fame each year. Nominations are approved by the NABJ Board of Directors, and new inductees are installed annually at the NABJ Hall of Fame Banquet and Inductions. Thirty-nine individuals are currently inductees in the Hall of Fame. Members 1990 original inductees Seven individuals were inducted to the Hall of Fame at the time of its creation. * Dorothy Butler Gilliam * Malvin Russell Goode * Mal Johnson *Gordon Parks *Ted Poston *Norma Quarles *Carl T. Rowan 2004 "legendary" inductees In April 2004, the NABJ revived the Hall of Fame, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massachusetts
Massachusetts (Massachusett language, Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut [Massachusett writing systems, məhswatʃəwiːsət],'' English: , ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders on the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Maine to the east, Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York (state), New York to the west. The state's capital and List of municipalities in Massachusetts, most populous city, as well as its cultural and financial center, is Boston. Massachusetts is also home to the urban area, urban core of Greater Boston, the largest metropolitan area in New England and a region profoundly influential upon American History of the United States, history, academia, and the Economy of the United States, research economy. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing, and trade. Massachusetts was transformed into a manuf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dick Rowland
Dick Rowland or Roland (aka "Diamond Dick Rowland", born c. 1902 — 1960s?) was an African-American teenage shoeshiner whose arrest for assault in May 1921 was the impetus for the Tulsa race massacre. Rowland was 19 years old at the time. The alleged victim of the assault was a white, 17-year-old, elevator operator Sarah Page. She had declined to prosecute. According to conflicting reports, the arrest was prompted after Rowland tripped in Page's elevator on his way to a segregated bathroom, and a white store clerk reported the incident as an "assault" or a rape. Early life Rowland's birth name was Jimmie Jones. It is not known where he was born, but by 1908 he and two sisters were orphans living in Vinita, Oklahoma. Jones was informally adopted by Damie Ford, an African-American woman. In approximately 1909 Ford and Jones moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, to join Ford's family, the Rolands. Eventually, Jones took Roland as his last name, which was later reported as "Rowland." He selecte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roy Belton
Roy Belton (1900 or 1901 August 28, 1920) was a 19-year-old white man arrested in Tulsa, Oklahoma with a female accomplice for the August 21, 1920 hijacking and shooting of a white man, local taxi driver Homer Nida. He was taken from the county jail by a group of armed men, after a confrontation with the sheriff, and taken to an isolated area where he was lynched. Background Nida, hospitalized with a gunshot wound to the stomach, had identified Belton as the person who robbed and shot him. Belton confessed after being arrested, but told police the shooting was an accident. Rumors began to spread of mob justice if Nida died. While Nida was hospitalized, local newspaper the ''Tulsa Tribune'' published Belton's photo and said that he "planned to escape on a plea of insanity".Hirsch, James S. ''Riot and Remembrance: The Tulsa Race War and Its Legacy''. 2002. Houghton Mifflin Company. Nida died a week after being shot, and his wife was quoted as saying "I hope that justice will be don ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
