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95th Mixed Brigade
The 95th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army that took part in the Spanish Civil War. Throughout the war, various brigades came to use the number "95", operating on various fronts. History First stage In June 1937 a mixed brigade was formed in Villarrobledo that received the number "95", made up of former anarchist militiamen and replacements from 1932 to 1935. It was commanded by César-David Sal de Rellán, with Fernando González Montoliu as political commissar. In July, despite the fact that its organization was far behind schedule, it was sent to the front to take part in the Battle of Brunete, where it did not perform well. After the end of the fighting it was withdrawn to the rear and finally dissolved. Second stage In the summer of 1937, a brigade of Marine Infantry was created, numbered "95", under the command of José García Gamboa. After completing the training phase, the 95th Mixed brigade was left under the command of Juan Luque Canís. Later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
June 1937
The following events occurred in June 1937: June 1, 1937 (Tuesday) *In Italy, the Ministry of Popular Culture ordered all foreign words and names to be Italianized. Louis Armstrong, for example, was to be known as Luigi Fortebraccio. *Oldsmobile announced the first automatic transmission available to the public. *Bill Dietrich of the Chicago White Sox pitched an 8-0 no-hitter against the St. Louis Browns. *Born: Morgan Freeman, actor, director and narrator, in Memphis, Tennessee; Rosaleen Linehan, actress, in Dublin, Ireland June 2, 1937 (Wednesday) *Rioting broke out around İskenderun and Antioch after the Syrian parliament refused to ratify the League of Nations' decision to make the İskenderun district autonomous. *German War Minister Werner von Blomberg began a three-day visit to Italy to discuss German-Italian military ties. *St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Dizzy Dean was suspended by National League President Ford Frick for referring to Frick and umpire George Barr "the two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
70th Division (Spain)
The 70th Division was one of the Division (military), divisions of the Spanish Republican Army that were created during the Spanish Civil War. History The 70th Division was formed on 23 September 1937, passing its period of instruction through Almuradiel and Campo de Criptana. It was initially made up of the 92nd Mixed Brigade, 92nd and 95th Mixed Brigade, 95th mixed brigades, although the 32nd Mixed Brigade, 32nd, 79th Mixed Brigade, 79th, 94th Mixed Brigade, 94th and 132nd Mixed Brigade, 132nd mixed brigades were later also integrated. Battle of Teruel At the beginning of the offensive on Teruel on 15 December 1937, it was placed in reserve, but it was soon attached to the XVIII Army Corps (Spain), XVIII Army Corps and entered combat. At the end of December, it was located west of Teruel, in the La Muela sector, defending the accesses to the city against the nationalist counteroffensive on 29 December. At first it was driven back by the nationalists divisions, but on 1 Jan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 19
Events Pre-1600 *AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Raqqa (northern Syria). * 797 – Empress Irene organizes a conspiracy against her son, the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI. He is deposed and blinded. Shortly after, Constantine dies of his wounds; Irene proclaims herself ''basileus''. *1506 – The Lisbon Massacre begins, in which accused Jews are slaughtered by Portuguese Catholics. * 1529 – Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers (''German:'' Fürst) and independent cities protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms. * 1539 – The Treaty of Frankfurt between Protestants and the Holy Roman Emperor is signed. 1601–1900 *1608 – In Ireland: O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
94th Mixed Brigade
The 94th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army created during the Spanish Civil War. It came to operate on the Teruel, Aragon and Segre fronts. History In March 1937, in Cuenca, the 94th Mixed Brigade was created, made up of recruits from the loyalist ''Quintos'', and with remains of the old Iberia Column. The command of this unit was entrusted to the infantry commander José Ramos Chiva. The 94th MB was sent to the Battle of Brunete, although it did not participate. A few months later the unit was dissolved and dispersed. In September 1937, the brigade was reformed in Cartagena with marine infantry forces, under the command of Ginés Sánchez Balibrea. It was placed in the 34th Division and, later, in the 72nd Division - both divisions of 18th Army Corps. Initially it had its headquarters in Jódar, where it remained until it was called to participate in the Battle of Teruel (integrated into the 34th Division). During the Battle of Teruel, the unit p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuendetodos
Fuendetodos is a town in the Campo de Belchite comarca (county), in Aragon, Spain, located about 44 kilometers south-east of Zaragoza. As of 2011, it had a population of approximately 178. The town is associated with painter Francisco de Goya, who was born in Fuendetodos in 1746, and contains a museum dedicated to his work. The town has nearly 25,000 visitors each year. Geography Fuendetodos is located in the Aragonese comarca of Campo de Belchite, 44 km to the south of Zaragoza. It had a population of 178 according to the census of 2011. As of 1 January 2015, the population was estimated to be 144. History The town was originally called ''Fuentedetodos'' meaning "source of all." Before its foundation in the 12th century as a recolonized village associated with a castle, it was known for its quarries of "caracoleña" stone. This had already been exploited by the Romans who used it in many buildings constructed in nearby Caesaraugusta. From the 14th century, the villag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belchite
Belchite is a municipality and town in the province of Zaragoza, Spain, about 40 km southeast of Zaragoza. It is the capital of Campo de Belchite ''comarca'' (administrative region) and is located in a plain surrounded by low hills, the highest of which is Lobo. The surrounding area is one of the most arid places of Aragon. In 1122 Alfonso the Battler founded the Confraternity of Belchite to defend the frontier between the Christian kingdoms and al-Andalus. On June 15, 1809, during the Peninsular War French and Spanish forces fought in the Battle of María near the town. Between August 24 and September 7, 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, loyalist Spanish Republican forces fought General Franco's rebel forces in the Battle of Belchite in and around the town. After 1939, a new town was built near the ruins of the old one, which remain a ghost town as a memorial to the war. The ruins of the old village have been used as filming locations in films including Terry Gilliam's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 9
Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 – Khwarazmian sultan Jalal ad-Din conquers the Georgian capital of Tbilisi. * 1230 – Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Asen II defeats Theodore of Epirus in the Battle of Klokotnitsa. *1500 – The fleet of Pedro Álvares Cabral leaves Lisbon for the Indies. The fleet will discover Brazil which lies within boundaries granted to Portugal in the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. 1601–1900 * 1701 – Safavid troops retreat from Basra, ending a three-year occupation. * 1765 – After a campaign by the writer Voltaire, judges in Paris posthumously exonerate Jean Calas of murdering his son. Calas had been tortured and executed in 1762 on the charge, though his son may have actually died by suicide. *1776 – ''The Wealth of Nations'' b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XVIII Army Corps (Spain)
The XVIII Army Corps / XVIII AK (german: XVIII. Armee-Korps) was a corps level command of the German Army before and during World War I. As the German Army expanded in the latter part of the 19th century, the XVIII Army Corps was set up on 1 April 1899 in Frankfurt am Main as the ''Generalkommando'' (headquarters) for the district of Wiesbaden and the Grand Duchy of Hesse. It took over command of 21st Division from XI Corps and the previously separate 25th (Grand Ducal Hessian) Division. It was assigned to the VII Army Inspectorate, but joined the 4th Army at the start of the First World War. It was still in existence at the end of the war, serving in the 17th Army, '' Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht'' on the Western Front. Peacetime organisation The 25 peacetime Corps of the German Army (Guards, I – XXI, I – III Bavarian) had a reasonably standardised organisation. Each consisted of two divisions with usually two infantry brigades, one field artillery brigade and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
72nd Division (Spain)
The 72nd Division was one of the divisions of the Spanish Republican Army that were organized during the Spanish Civil War on the basis of the Mixed Brigades. It was present on the Aragón and Segre fronts. History The division was created on September 23, 1937, being integrated into the XVIII Army Corps. Initially it grouped the 94th and 224th Mixed Brigades, recently created. In December 1937 the unit was sent to the Teruel sector, but it was so far behind in its organization that it did not intervene in the Battle of Teruel. It performed poorly during the Aragon Offensive, being seriously broken. In addition, its commander, José María Enciso Madolell, was taken prisoner by the nationalist forces. The 72nd Division was dissolved on March 11, 1938, and its remains were assigned to the Ebro Autonomous Group. It was recreated again on April 19 of that year, within the XVIII Army Corps. At the end of May it participated in the Balaguer Offensive, in support of other unit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Army (Spain)
The Eastern Army (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Ejército del Este''), also translated as the Army of the East, was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army that operated in the eastern part of Spain during the Spanish Civil War. Republican forces deployed on the Aragon front of the war initially came under the command structure of the unit. Later in the Civil War, the unit operated in Catalonia, defending the Republican defensive line along the Segre (river), Segre river. History After the breakout of the 1936 civil war in Spain, the Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalan government looked to create its own army, independent of the organic structures of the Republican army which operated in the rest of the Republican territory. On 6 December 1936, the Catalan Ministry of Defence declared the creation of the People's Army of Catalonia. However, this army existed far more on paper than it did in reality, as the anarchist militias continued to have a great degree of autonomy, and in many c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1938
Events January * January 1 ** The Constitution of Estonia#Third Constitution (de facto 1938–1940, de jure 1938–1992), new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the authoritarian regime. ** state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Safinaz Zulficar, who becomes Farida of Egypt, Queen Farida, in Cairo. * January 27 – The Honeymoon Bridge (Niagara Falls), Honeymoon Bridge at Niagara Falls, New York, collapses as a result of an ice jam. February * February 4 ** Adolf Hitler abolishes the War Ministry and creates the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces), giving him direct control of the German military. In addition, he dismisses political and military leaders considered unsympathetic to his philosophy or policies. Gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
February 6
Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of his brother Charles II. * 1694 – The warrior queen Dandara, leader of the runaway slaves in Quilombo dos Palmares, Brazil, is captured and commits suicide rather than be returned to a life of slavery. * 1778 – American Revolutionary War: In Paris the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce are signed by the United States and France signaling official recognition of the new republic. * 1778 – New York became the third state to ratify the Articles of Confederation. * 1788 – Massachusetts becomes the sixth state to ratify the United States Constitution. * 1806 – Battle of San Domingo: British naval victory against the French in the Caribbean. * 1819 – Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
