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8 Cm Staal
The 8 cm staal is a 19th century Dutch field gun. It replaced the 8.4 cm Feldgeschütz Ord 1871, 8 cm A. bronze. The steel barrel and carriage were made by Krupp in Essen, Germany. In turn the 8 cm staal would be replaced by the Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903. The '8 staal' was hastily brought back into service on the eve of World War II. Evolution, History The preceding 8 cm A. Bronze After the Franco-Prussian War the Dutch government bought a 8.4 cm Feldkanone Ord 1871 in Switzerland. This was a rifled breechloader field gun with a bronze barrel. The Dutch then started to produce it locally in 1874. In the Netherlands this gun would become known as the 8 cm A. Bronze. The 'A' () distinguished it from the 8 cm bronze muzzle loaders, "8 cm" was short for 84 mm. Even while the first 8 cm A. Bronze were being produced, there was a strong debate about whether bronze was still suitable for gun barrels. The 8 cm staal In the Summer of 1876 a Dutc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Gun
A field gun is a field artillery piece. Originally the term referred to smaller guns that could accompany a field army on the march, that when in combat could be moved about the battlefield in response to changing circumstances ( field artillery), as opposed to guns installed in a fort (garrison artillery or coastal artillery), or to siege cannons and mortars which are too large to be moved quickly, and would be used only in a prolonged siege. Perhaps the most famous use of the field gun in terms of advanced tactics was Napoleon Bonaparte's use of very large wheels on the guns that allowed them to be moved quickly even during a battle. By moving the guns from point-to-point during a battle, enemy formations could be broken up to be handled by the infantry or cavalry wherever they were massing, dramatically increasing the overall effectiveness of the attack. World War I As the evolution of artillery continued, almost all guns of any size became capable of being moved at some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limbers And Caissons
A limber is a two-wheeled cart designed to support the trail of an artillery piece, or the stock of a field carriage such as a caisson or traveling forge, allowing it to be towed. The trail is the hinder end of the stock of a gun-carriage, which rests or slides on the ground when the carriage is unlimbered. A caisson () is a two-wheeled cart designed to carry artillery ammunition; the British term is "ammunition wagon". Caissons are also used to bear the casket of the deceased in some state and military funerals in certain Western cultures, including the United States. Before the 19th century As artillery pieces developed trunnions and were placed on carriages featuring two wheels and a trail, a limber was devised. This was a simple cart with a pintle. When the piece was to be towed, it was raised over the limber and then lowered, with the pintle fitting into a hole in the trail. Horses or other draft animals were harnessed in single file to haul the limber. There was no p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gennep
Gennep () is a municipality and a city in upper southeastern Netherlands. It lies in the very northern part of the province of Limburg, 18 km south of Nijmegen. Furthermore, it lies on the right bank of the Meuse river, and south of the forest of the Klever Reichswald. The municipality of Gennep has 17,277 inhabitants (2014). The Niers river flows into the Meuse in Gennep. Population centres The city of Gennep Gennep was the title of a comital family, known descendants of which are the famous Saint Norbert of Gennep and William of Gennep, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne. Gennep probably received city rights in 1371. However, it remains unclear whether these city rights have really been assigned to Gennep, as the supposed documents burned during a fire in the townhall of Gennep at the end of the 16th century. Gennep lies about southeast of Nijmegen. In 2001, Gennep had 8306 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was , and contained 3124 residences.Statistics Netherla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeeland, North Brabant
Zeeland is a village in the Netherlands, Dutch province of North Brabant. It is located in the former municipality of Landerd, about 5 km northeast of Uden. History The village was first mentioned in 1376 as Zeelant, and refers to Terra Salica, an inheritance system which excluded women. Zeeland developed in the Middle Ages on the edge of the Peel, Netherlands, Peel region. The Catholic St Jacobus de Meerdere Church was built between 1871 and 1872 as a replacement for its medieval predecessor. Zeeland was home to 467 people in 1840. Zeeland was a separate municipality until 1994, when it became part of Landerd. Since 2022 it has been part of the new municipality of Maashorst. Gallery Image:Zeeland, kerk foto2 2010-04-10 12.23.JPG, Zeeland, church Image:Zeeland, molen1 foto2 2010-04-10 13.07.JPG, Zeeland, windmill File:Zeeland Rijksmonument 519137 pastorie Kerkstraat 51.JPG, Clergy house File:Zeeland, ancienne ferme au lieu-dit 'Graspeel'.JPG, Farm in Zeeland Referenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mill, North Brabant
Mill is a village in the former Dutch municipality of Mill en Sint Hubert, in the province of North Brabant. Since 2022 it has been part of the new municipality of Land van Cuijk. Mill is known from the Battle of Mill, a two-day fight during the German invasion of the Netherlands in 1940. Population On 1 January 2006, Mill had 6,049 inhabitants and was the capital village of the municipality. The municipality house is located in Mill. History In Roman times there was a population center west of the current village center. In the 11th and 12th century people settled near some brooks on the western high ride of the Land van Cuijk. The Lords of Cuijk had quite some possessions in the area. They were closely involved in the foundation of Mariënweerd abbey. During the 14th century, Mill became a village with its own (municipal council and lower court). The seal of the schepenbank displayed the image of Willibrord, which is still in the municipal coat of arms. In 1128 the Norbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7 Veld
The 7 veld was a later Dutch designation of the Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903 field gun. Purchase In 1905 the Dutch government purchased an early variant of the Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903. The Dutch purchased 204 guns and 408 caissons from Krupp and produced another 120 guns under license. These saw service both in The Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies. Modernization During the 1920s, the Dutch studied the lessons learned from the First World War which highlighted improvements needed to keep the 7 veld up to date in the years before the Second World War. The primary improvements needed were increased elevation and longer range. The prohibition on weapons production imposed by the Versailles Treaty lead German armament firms to open foreign subsidiaries to conduct business. One of these was Siderius a Dutch subsidiary of Krupp, dedicated primarily to the modernization of Krupp artillery in service with the Dutch Army during the 1920s and 1930s. The most effective of its projec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheet Metal
Sheet metal is metal formed into thin, flat pieces, usually by an industrial process. Sheet metal is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking, and it can be cut and bent into a variety of shapes. Thicknesses can vary significantly; extremely thin sheets are considered foil or leaf, and pieces thicker than 6 mm (0.25 in) are considered plate, such as plate steel, a class of structural steel. Sheet metal is available in flat pieces or coiled strips. The coils are formed by running a continuous sheet of metal through a roll slitter. In most of the world, sheet metal thickness is consistently specified in millimeters. In the U.S., the thickness of sheet metal is commonly specified by a traditional, non-linear measure known as its gauge. The larger the gauge number, the thinner the metal. Commonly used steel sheet metal ranges from 30 gauge to about 7 gauge. Gauge differs between ferrous ( iron-based) metals and nonferrous metals such as aluminum or copper. Cop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canister Shot
Canister shot is a kind of anti-personnel artillery ammunition. Canister shot has been used since the advent of gunpowder-firing artillery in Western armies. However, canister shot saw particularly frequent use on land and at sea in the various wars of the 18th and 19th century. Canister is still used today in modern artillery. Description Canister shot consists of a closed metal cylinder typically loosely filled with round lead or iron balls packed with sawdust to add more solidity and cohesion to the mass and to prevent the balls from crowding each other when the round was fired. The canister itself was usually made of tin, often dipped in a lacquer of beeswax diluted with turpentine to prevent corrosion of the metal. Iron was substituted for tin for larger-caliber guns. The ends of the canister were closed with wooden or metal disks. A cloth cartridge bag containing the round's gunpowder used to fire the canister from the gun barrel could be attached to the back of the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lead
Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, lead is a shiny gray with a hint of blue. It tarnishes to a dull gray color when exposed to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and three of its isotopes are endpoints of major nuclear decay chains of heavier elements. Lead is toxic, even in small amounts, especially to children. Lead is a relatively unreactive post-transition metal. Its weak metallic character is illustrated by its amphoteric nature; lead and lead oxides react with acids and bases, and it tends to form covalent bonds. Compounds of lead are usually found in the +2 oxidation state rather than the +4 state common with lighter members of the carbon group. Exceptions are mostly limited to organolead compounds. Like the lighter members of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shrapnel Shell
Shrapnel shells were anti-personnel artillery munitions which carried many individual bullets close to a target area and then ejected them to allow them to continue along the shell's trajectory and strike targets individually. They relied almost entirely on the shell's velocity for their lethality. The munition has been obsolete since the end of World War I for anti-personnel use; high-explosive shells superseded it for that role. The functioning and principles behind Shrapnel shells are fundamentally different from high-explosive shell fragmentation. Shrapnel is named after Lieutenant-General Henry Shrapnel (1761–1842), a British artillery officer, whose experiments, initially conducted on his own time and at his own expense, culminated in the design and development of a new type of artillery shell. Usage of term "shrapnel" has changed over time to also refer to fragmentation of the casing of shells and bombs. This is its most common modern usage, which strays from the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trunnion
A trunnion (from Old French "''trognon''", trunk) is a cylindrical protrusion used as a mounting or pivoting point. First associated with cannons, they are an important military development. Alternatively, a trunnion is a shaft that positions and supports a tilting plate. This is a misnomer, as in reality it is a cradle for the true trunnion. In mechanical engineering (see the trunnion bearing section below), it is one part of a rotating joint where a shaft (the trunnion) is inserted into (and turns inside) a full or partial cylinder. Medieval history In a cannon, the trunnions are two projections cast just forward of the center of mass of the cannon and fixed to a two-wheeled movable gun carriage. As they allowed the muzzle to be raised and lowered easily, the integral casting of trunnions is seen by military historians as one of the most important advances in early field artillery. With the creation of larger and more powerful siege guns in the early 15th century, a n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
