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61st Mixed Brigade
The 61st Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army that took part in the Spanish Civil War. Throughout the war, the brigade was present on the Teruel, Aragon, Levante and Extremadura fronts. History The unit was created in January 1937, on the Teruel front, from forces of the Rosal Column. Most of the members of the new 61st Mixed Brigade were anarchist militants. The first head of the brigade was the Bernabé López Calle, and the brigade was integrated into the 42nd Division. A few months later the unit was located in the Bezas- Royuela sector, together with the 60th Mixed Brigade. Front of Teruel The unit took part in the Battle of Albarracín. On July 5, it broke the enemy front, and two days later managed to occupy the urban area of Albarracín; the nationalist garrison was besieged in the Cathedral and the Civil Guard barracks, after the 61st MB took the “Vallejo Largo” Vertex and the town of Monterde. However, the arrival of a nationalist rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 1937
The following events occurred in January 1937: January 1, 1937 (Friday) *In retaliation for the ''Palos'' incident of the previous week, the German cruiser ''Königsberg'' forced the Spanish steamer ''Soton'' aground near Santander while the '' Graf Spee'' stopped another steamer, the ''Aragon'', and forced it to change course to a Nationalist-held port. The Spanish government called Germany's recent naval actions "acts of aggression and war." Germany sent a note offering to release the ''Aragon'' and cease attacks on Spanish shipping as soon as restitution was made for the loss of cargo of the ''Palos'', a proposal which Spain rejected. *The Public Order Act 1936 went into effect in the United Kingdom, banning the wearing of political uniforms and empowering the police to stop political marches when there is risk of disorder. The Act, given royal assent on December 18, was aimed at the British Union of Fascists, led by Oswald Mosley, whose black shirt uniforms had been modeled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
60th Mixed Brigade
The 60th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army created during the Spanish Civil War. History The unit was founded in January 1937 on the Teruel Front, created from forces of the Rosal Column. Its first commander was Dionisio Fernández López. As of June 1937, it was classified in the 42nd Division. It fought in the Battle of Albarracín, on July 5. On July 7, the 60th MB managed to enter the town, but the defenders had regrouped in the Cathedral, and the Republican brigade was unable to evict them. On July 14 it was forced to retreat hastily from Albarracín after the arrival of enemy reinforcements, and the 60th MB was relieved of operations due to heavy casualties. In December 1937 the unit was assigned to the strategic reserve of the Republican Army. During the Aragón Offensive the brigade fought in the Battle of Lérida. By then it was attached to the 46th Division of ''"Valentín González"''. On March 31 it covered the outskirts of the city, from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
18th Army Corps (Spain)
18 (eighteen) is the natural number following 17 and preceding 19. In mathematics * Eighteen is a composite number, its divisors being 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9. Three of these divisors (3, 6 and 9) add up to 18, hence 18 is a semiperfect number. Eighteen is the first inverted square-prime of the form ''p''·''q''2. * In base ten, it is a Harshad number. * It is an abundant number, as the sum of its proper divisors is greater than itself (1+2+3+6+9 = 21). It is known to be a solitary number, despite not being coprime to this sum. * It is the number of one-sided pentominoes. * It is the only number where the sum of its written digits in base 10 (1+8 = 9) is equal to half of itself (18/2 = 9). * It is a Fine number. In science Chemistry * Eighteen is the atomic number of argon. * Group 18 of the periodic table is called the noble gases. * The 18-electron rule is a rule of thumb in transition metal chemistry for characterising and predicting the stability of metal comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belchite
Belchite is a municipality and town in the province of Zaragoza, Spain, about 40 km southeast of Zaragoza. It is the capital of Campo de Belchite ''comarca'' (administrative region) and is located in a plain surrounded by low hills, the highest of which is Lobo. The surrounding area is one of the most arid places of Aragon. In 1122 Alfonso the Battler founded the Confraternity of Belchite to defend the frontier between the Christian kingdoms and al-Andalus. On June 15, 1809, during the Peninsular War French and Spanish forces fought in the Battle of María near the town. Between August 24 and September 7, 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, loyalist Spanish Republican forces fought General Franco's rebel forces in the Battle of Belchite in and around the town. After 1939, a new town was built near the ruins of the old one, which remain a ghost town as a memorial to the war. The ruins of the old village have been used as filming locations in films including Terry Gilliam's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 1938
The following events occurred in March 1938: March 1, 1938 (Tuesday) * Hermann Göring was presented with a field marshal's baton by Adolf Hitler, who made the gesture to placate Göring for not giving him any new cabinet positions in last month's shake-up. *20,000 Nazis marched in Graz, Austria in defiance of government attempts to stop them. *The Yosemite TWA crash occurred. *Died: Gabriele D'Annunzio, 74, Italian writer and soldier March 2, 1938 (Wednesday) *The special court trial against Martin Niemöller ended in Germany. He was cleared of the most serious charge against him, that of treason against the state, but was convicted of "endangering public security, exploiting the pulpit and incitement to resistance against the government". Niemöller was freed on time served but the Gestapo immediately took him back into "protective custody". *The last of the Moscow Trials began with the Trial of the Twenty-One. *Born: Ricardo Lagos, President of Chile, in Santiago * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
132nd Mixed Brigade
Thirteen or 13 may refer to: * 13 (number), the natural number following 12 and preceding 14 * One of the years 13 BC, AD 13, 1913, 2013 Music * 13AD (band), an Indian classic and hard rock band Albums * ''13'' (Black Sabbath album), 2013 * ''13'' (Blur album), 1999 * ''13'' (Borgeous album), 2016 * ''13'' (Brian Setzer album), 2006 * ''13'' (Die Ärzte album), 1998 * ''13'' (The Doors album), 1970 * ''13'' (Havoc album), 2013 * ''13'' (HLAH album), 1993 * ''13'' (Indochine album), 2017 * ''13'' (Marta Savić album), 2011 * ''13'' (Norman Westberg album), 2015 * ''13'' (Ozark Mountain Daredevils album), 1997 * ''13'' (Six Feet Under album), 2005 * ''13'' (Suicidal Tendencies album), 2013 * ''13'' (Solace album), 2003 * ''13'' (Second Coming album), 2003 * ''13'' (Ces Cru EP), 2012 * ''13'' (Denzel Curry EP), 2017 * ''Thirteen'' (CJ & The Satellites album), 2007 * ''Thirteen'' (Emmylou Harris album), 1986 * ''Thirteen'' (Harem Scarem album), 2014 * ''Thirte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Teruel
The Battle of Teruel was fought in and around the city of Teruel during the Spanish Civil War between December 1937 and February 1938, during the worst Spanish winter in 20 years.Hugh Purcell, p. 95. The battle was one of the bloodiest actions of the war, with the city changing hands several times by first falling to the Republicans and eventually being retaken by the Nationalists. In the course of the fighting, Teruel was subjected to heavy artillery and aerial bombardment. In the two-month battle, both factions together took 110,000 casualties. With his superiority in men and material, Nationalist leader Francisco Franco regained Teruel. This battle became the military turning point of the war. Background The Republic's decision to move against Teruel was motivated by several strategic priorities. Republican military leaders thought that Teruel was not strongly held and sought to regain the initiative by its capture. By 1937, the Teruel salient was similar to the fingernail o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1938
Events January * January 1 ** The Constitution of Estonia#Third Constitution (de facto 1938–1940, de jure 1938–1992), new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the authoritarian regime. ** state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Safinaz Zulficar, who becomes Farida of Egypt, Queen Farida, in Cairo. * January 27 – The Honeymoon Bridge (Niagara Falls), Honeymoon Bridge at Niagara Falls, New York, collapses as a result of an ice jam. February * February 4 ** Adolf Hitler abolishes the War Ministry and creates the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces), giving him direct control of the German military. In addition, he dismisses political and military leaders considered unsympathetic to his philosophy or policies. Gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
July 17
Events Pre-1600 * 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. * 1048 – Damasus II is elected pope, and dies 23 days later. *1203 – The Fourth Crusade assaults Constantinople. The Byzantine emperor Alexios III Angelos flees from his capital into exile. *1402 – Zhu Di, better known by his era name as the Yongle Emperor, assumes the throne over the Ming dynasty of China. *1429 – Hundred Years' War: Charles VII of France is crowned the King of France in the Reims Cathedral after a successful campaign by Joan of Arc. *1453 – Battle of Castillon: The last battle of Hundred Years' War, the French under Jean Bureau defeat the English under the Earl of Shrewsbury, who is killed in the battle in Gascony. 1601–1900 *1717 – King George I of Great Britain sails down the River Thames with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monterde
Monterde is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census, the municipality had a population of 194 inhabitants.Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain) The ''Instituto Nacional de Estadística'' (INE, 'National Statistics Institute') is the official agency in Spain that collects statistics about demography, economy, and Spanish society. It is an autonomous organization responsible for overall ... Its postal code is 50213. See also * Comunidad de Calatayud * List of municipalities in Zaragoza References External links Monterde site Municipalities in the Province of Zaragoza {{Zaragoza-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Guard (Spain)
The Civil Guard ( es, Guardia Civil, link=no; ) is the oldest law enforcement agency in Spain and is one of two national police forces. As a national gendarmerie force, it is military in nature and is responsible for civil policing under the authority of both the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence. The role of the Ministry of Defence is limited except in times of war when the Ministry has exclusive authority. The corps is colloquially known as the ' (reputable). In annual surveys, it generally ranks as the national institution most valued by Spaniards, closely followed by other law enforcement agencies and the armed forces. It has both a regular national role and undertakes specific foreign peacekeeping missions and is part of the European Gendarmerie Force. As a national gendarmerie force, the Civil Guard was modelled on the French National Gendarmerie and has many similarities. As part of its daily duties, the Civil Guard patrols and investigates crimes in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albarracín Cathedral
The Catedral de Albarracín is a Roman Catholic church in the town of Albarracín, province of Teruel, part of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. History The cathedral was built from 1572 to 1600, when the bell-tower was complete. Among the architects were Martín de Castañeda, Quinto Pierres Vedel, and Alonso del Barrio de Ajo. The church has a single nave and the ceiling has Gothic tracery. The nave interior and the Chapel of the ''Virgen del Pilar'' was redecorated in stucco and gilding in Baroque style. The main retablo A retablo is a devotional painting, especially a small popular or folk art one using iconography derived from traditional Catholic church art. More generally ''retablo'' is also the Spanish term for a retable or reredos above an altar, whether ... was completed in 1566 by Cosme Damián Bas. < ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
