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4-Methylamphetamine
4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA; PAL-313; Aptrol; p-TAP) is a stimulant and anorectic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. In vitro, it acts as a potent and balanced serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent with Ki affinity values of 53.4nM, 22.2nM, and 44.1nM at the serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine transporters, respectively. However, more recent ''in vivo'' studies that involved performing microdialysis on rats showed a different trend. These studies showed that 4-methylamphetamine is much more potent at elevating serotonin (~18 x baseline) relative to dopamine (~5 x baseline). The authors speculated that this is because 5-HT release dampens DA release through some mechanism. For example, it was suggested that a possible cause for this could be activation of 5HT2C receptors since this is known to inhibit DA release. In addition there are alternative explanations such as 5-HT release then going on to encourage GABA release, which has an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Amphetamines
Substituted amphetamines are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents. The compounds in this class span a variety of pharmacological subclasses, including stimulants, empathogens, and hallucinogens, among others. Examples of substituted amphetamines are amphetamine (itself), methamphetamine, ephedrine, cathinone, phentermine, mephentermine, bupropion, methoxyphenamine, selegiline, amfepramone (diethylpropion), pyrovalerone, MDMA (ecstasy), and DOM (STP). Some of amphetamine's substituted derivatives occur in nature, for example in the leaves of ''Ephedra'' and khat plants. Amphetamine was first produced at the end of the 19th century. By the 1930s, amphetamine and some of its derivative compounds found use as decongestants in the symptomatic treatment of colds and also occasionally as psychoac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3,4-Dimethylamphetamine
Xylopropamine (Perhedrin, Esanin), also known as 3,4-dimethylamphetamine, is a stimulant drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine classes which was developed and marketed as an appetite suppressant in the 1950s. Xylopropamine was briefly sold as the sulfate salt, but it was not widely marketed. Other related amphetamine derivatives such as 2,4-dimethylamphetamine were also investigated for the same purpose, however these drugs had negative side effects such as high blood pressure and were not very successful, mainly due to the introduction of alternative drugs like phentermine which had similar efficacy but fewer side effects. Xylopropamine was also reported as having analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects but its side effect profile resulted in it never being further developed for these applications. See also * Methamphetamine * Dimethylamphetamine * 3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone * 4-Methylamphetamine * 4-Methylmethamphetamine * Indanylaminopropane 5-(2-Aminopropyl)-2,3-d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-Methoxy-4-methylamphetamine
3-Methoxy-4-methylamphetamine (MMA) is an entactogen and psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine classes. It was first synthesized in 1970 and was encountered as a street drug in Italy in the same decade.de Zorzi C, Cavalli A, Un nuovo allucinogeno: la MMA (p-metil-m-metossi anfetamina) ''Zacchia''. 1974;49 (1) p.58-68 MMA was largely forgotten until being reassayed by David E. Nichols as a non-neurotoxic MDMA analogue in 1991, and has subsequently been sold as a designer drug on the internet since the late 2000s (decade). In animal studies, MMA fully substitutes for MDMA and MBDB, partially substitutes for LSD, and does not substitute for amphetamine. Additionally, it has been shown to potently inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and does not produce serotonergic neurotoxicity in rodents. These data appear to confer a profile of MMA as a selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) and 5-HT2A receptor agonist. At high doses, such as 120 mg, the effects are p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-Methylphenmetrazine
4-Methylphenmetrazine (mephenmetrazine, 4-MPM, PAL-747) is a recreational designer drug with stimulant effects. It is a substituted phenylmorpholine derivative, closely related to better known drugs such as phenmetrazine and 3-fluorophenmetrazine. It was first identified in Slovenia in 2015, and has been shown to act as a monoamine releaser with some preference for serotonin release. See also * 4,4'-DMAR * 4-Methylamphetamine * 4-Methylmethylphenidate * G-130 * Mephedrone * RTI-32 * Phendimetrazine * PDM-35 2-Phenyl-3,5-dimethylmorpholine is a drug with stimulant and anorectic effects, related to phenmetrazine. Based on what is known from other phenylmorpholines with similar structure, it likely acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent an ... References Substituted amphetamines Phenylmorpholines Designer drugs {{pharm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-Methylmethcathinone
Mephedrone, also known as , , and , is a synthetic stimulant drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes. Slang names include drone, , White Magic, meow meow, bubble, ''txomin'' and yurrpt. It is chemically similar to the cathinone compounds found in the khat plant of eastern Africa. It comes in the form of tablets or crystals, which users can swallow, snort or inject, producing effects similar to those of MDMA, amphetamines and cocaine. In addition to its stimulant effects, mephedrone produces side effects, of which bruxism is the most common. The metabolism of mephedrone has been studied in rats and humans and the metabolites can be detected in urine after usage. Mephedrone was first synthesised in 1929, but did not become widely known until it was rediscovered in 1999–2000 at which point it was legal to produce and possess in many countries. By 2000, mephedrone was reported to be available for sale on the internet, by 2008 law enforcement agencies had become aware of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-Methylmethamphetamine
4-Methylmethamphetamine (4-MMA) or Mephedrine, is a putative stimulant and entactogen drug of the amphetamine class. It is the β-de keto analogue of mephedrone. See also * 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) * 4-Methylmethcathinone (4-MMC) * 3-Methylmethamphetamine (3-MMA) * 3-Methoxymethamphetamine (MMMA) * 4-Methoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) * 4-Fluoromethamphetamine 4-Fluoromethamphetamine (4-FMA) is a stimulant drug related to methamphetamine and 4-fluoroamphetamine. It has been reported to be sold as a designer drug, but little is known about its pharmacology or toxicology. It was first detected from legal ... (4-FMA) References {{DEFAULTSORT:Methylmethamphetamine, 4- Methamphetamines Entactogens and empathogens Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-Methylamphetamine
3-Methylamphetamine (3-MeA; PAL-314) is a stimulant drug from the amphetamine family. It is self-administered by mice to a similar extent to 4-fluoroamphetamine and has comparable properties as a monoamine releaser, although with a more balanced release of all three monoamines, as opposed to the more dopamine/noradrenaline selective fluoro analogues. See also * 2-Methylamphetamine * 3-Methylmethamphetamine * 4-Methylamphetamine 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA; PAL-313; Aptrol; p-TAP) is a stimulant and anorectic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. In vitro, it acts as a potent and balanced serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent with ... * 3,4-Dimethylamphetamine * 3-Trifluoromethylamphetamine References Substituted amphetamines Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-Methylamphetamine
Ortetamine (INN), also known as 2-methylamphetamine, is a stimulant drug of the amphetamine class. In animal drug discrimination tests it substituted for dextroamphetamine more closely than either 3- or 4-methylamphetamine, although with only around 1/10 the potency of dextroamphetamine itself. Legal status Sweden's public health agency classified 2-MA as a narcotic substance, on January 18, 2019. Ortetamine is an isomer of Methamphetamine, therefore, a Schedule II Controlled Substance in the United States. See also * 2-Fluoroamphetamine * 2-Methylmethcathinone * 2-Me-PVP * 3-Methylamphetamine * 4-Methylamphetamine 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA; PAL-313; Aptrol; p-TAP) is a stimulant and anorectic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. In vitro, it acts as a potent and balanced serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent with ... * 2-Methoxymethamphetamine References Designer drugs Substituted amphetamines Norepinephrine-dopami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-aminobutane
4-Methylphenylisobutylamine (4-MAB), also known as 4-methyl-α-ethylphenethylamine, is a stimulant drug of the phenethylamine class. See also * Phenylisobutylamine * 4-Methylamphetamine * Benzodioxolylbutanamine 1,3-Benzodioxolylbutanamine (also known as 3,4-methylenedioxybutanphenamine, MDB, BDB, J, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-ethylphenethylamine) is an entactogenic drug of the phenethylamine chemical class. It is the α-ethyl analog of MDPEA and MDA a ... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Methylphenylisobutylamine, 4- Substituted amphetamines Entactogens and empathogens Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Releasing Agent
A monoamine releasing agent (MRA), or simply monoamine releaser, is a drug that induces the synapse, release of a monoamine neurotransmitter from the synapse, presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitter. Many drugs induce their effects in the body and/or brain via the release of monoamine neurotransmitters, e.g., trace amines, many substituted amphetamines, and related compounds. Types of MRAs MRAS can be classified by the monoamines they mainly release, although these drugs lie on a spectrum. * Selective for one neurotransmitter ** Serotonin releasing agent (SRA) ** Norepinephrine releasing agent (NRA) ** Dopamine releasing agent (DRA) * Non-selective, releasing two or more neurotransmitters ** Norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) ** Serotonin–norepinephrine releasing agent (SNRA) ** Serotonin–dopamine releasing agent (SDRA) ** Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-methylamphetamine
3-Methylamphetamine (3-MeA; PAL-314) is a stimulant drug from the amphetamine family. It is self-administered by mice to a similar extent to 4-fluoroamphetamine and has comparable properties as a monoamine releaser, although with a more balanced release of all three monoamines, as opposed to the more dopamine/noradrenaline selective fluoro analogues. See also * 2-Methylamphetamine * 3-Methylmethamphetamine * 4-Methylamphetamine 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA; PAL-313; Aptrol; p-TAP) is a stimulant and anorectic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. In vitro, it acts as a potent and balanced serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent with ... * 3,4-Dimethylamphetamine * 3-Trifluoromethylamphetamine References Substituted amphetamines Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appetite Suppressant
An anorectic or anorexic is a drug which reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss. By contrast, an appetite stimulant is referred to as orexigenic. The term is (from the Greek ''ἀν-'' (an-) = "without" and ''ὄρεξις'' (órexis) = "appetite"), and such drugs are also known as anorexigenic, anorexiant, or appetite suppressant. History Used on a short-term basis clinically to treat obesity, some appetite suppressants are also available over-the-counter. Most common natural appetite suppressants are based on ''Hoodia'', a genus of 13 species in the flowering plant family Apocynaceae, under the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. Several appetite suppressants are based on a mix of natural ingredients, mostly using green tea as its basis, in combination with other plant extracts such as fucoxanthin, found naturally in seaweed. Drugs of this class are frequently stimulants of the phenethylamine family, related to amphetamine. The German and Finnish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
