|
4-Quinolones
4-Quinolone is an organic compound derived from quinoline. It and 2-quinolone are the two most important parent (meaning simplified) quinolones. 4-Quinolone exists in equilibrium with a minor tautomer, 4-hydroxyquinoline (CAS#611-36-9). Aside from pedagogical interest, 4-quinolone is of little intrinsic value but its derivatives, the 4-quinolone antibiotics, represent a large class of important drugs. Synthesis The chemical synthesis of quinolones often involves ring-closing reactions.{{cite journal, title=Co(III)-Catalyzed Enaminone-Directed C-H Amidation for Quinolone Synthesis, author=Shi, Pengfei, author2=Wang, Lili, author3=Chen, Kehao, author4=Wang, Jie, author5=Zhu, Jin, journal= Organic Letters, year=2017, volume=19, issue=9, pages=2418–2421, pmid=28425721, doi=10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00968 Such reactions often install a hydroxyl group (an –OH functional group) on the carbon across from the ring nitrogen (i.e., the C-4 positions). An example of such a synthesis is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Compound
In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide), are not classified as organic compounds and are considered inorganic. Other than those just named, little consensus exists among chemists on precisely which carbon-containing compounds are excluded, making any rigorous definition of an organic compound elusive. Although organic compounds make up only a small percentage of Earth's crust, they are of central importance because all known life is based on organic compounds. Living t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quinoline
Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C9H7N. It is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a strong odor. Aged samples, especially if exposed to light, become yellow and later brown. Quinoline is only slightly soluble in cold water but dissolves readily in hot water and most organic solvents. Quinoline itself has few applications, but many of its derivatives are useful in diverse applications. A prominent example is quinine, an alkaloid found in plants. Over 200 biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids are identified. 4-Hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines (HAQs) are involved in antibiotic resistance. Occurrence and isolation Quinoline was first extracted from coal tar in 1834 by German chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge; he called quinoline ''leukol'' ("white oil" in Greek). Coal tar remains the principal source of commercial quinoline. In 1842, French chemist Charles Gerhardt obtained a compound by dry distilling quinine, stry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-quinolone
2-Quinolone is an organic compound related structurally to quinoline. It is the majority tautomer in equilibrium with 2-quinolinol. The compound can be classified as a cyclic amide, and as such is used as an isostere for peptides and other pharmaceutically inspired targets. The isomer 4-quinolone is the parent of a large class of quinolone antibiotic A quinolone antibiotic is a member of a large group of broad-spectrum bacteriocidals that share a bicyclic core structure related to the substance 4-quinolone. They are used in human and veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections, as we ...s. One example is Ravesilone. References External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:2-Quinolone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quinolone Antibiotic
A quinolone antibiotic is a member of a large group of broad-spectrum bacteriocidals that share a bicyclic core structure related to the substance 4-quinolone. They are used in human and veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections, as well as in animal husbandry, specifically poultry production. Nearly all quinolone antibiotics in use are fluoroquinolones, which contain a fluorine atom in their chemical structure and are effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. One example is ciprofloxacin, one of the most widely used antibiotics worldwide. Medical uses Fluoroquinolones are often used for genitourinary infections and are widely used in the treatment of hospital-acquired infections associated with urinary catheters. In community-acquired infections, they are recommended only when risk factors for multidrug resistance are present or after other antibiotic regimens have failed. However, for serious acute cases of pyelonephritis or bacterial pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Synthesis
As a topic of chemistry, chemical synthesis (or combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products. This occurs by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. In modern laboratory uses, the process is reproducible and reliable. A chemical synthesis involves one or more compounds (known as '' reagents'' or ''reactants'') that will experience a transformation when subjected to certain conditions. Various reaction types can be applied to formulate a desired product. This requires mixing the compounds in a reaction vessel, such as a chemical reactor or a simple round-bottom flask. Many reactions require some form of processing (" work-up") or purification procedure to isolate the final product. The amount produced by chemical synthesis is known as the ''reaction yield''. Typically, yields are expressed as a mass in grams (in a laboratory setting) or as a percentage of the total theoretical quantity that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Functional Group
In organic chemistry, a functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions regardless of the rest of the molecule's composition. This enables systematic prediction of chemical reactions and behavior of chemical compounds and the design of chemical synthesis. The reactivity of a functional group can be modified by other functional groups nearby. Functional group interconversion can be used in retrosynthetic analysis to plan organic synthesis. A functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule with distinctive chemical properties, regardless of the other atoms in the molecule. The atoms in a functional group are linked to each other and to the rest of the molecule by covalent bonds. For repeating units of polymers, functional groups attach to their nonpolar core of carbon atoms and thus add chemical character to carbon chains. Fun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camps Cyclization
The Camps quinoline synthesis (also known as the Camps cyclization) is a chemical reaction whereby an o-acylaminoacetophenone is transformed into two different hydroxyquinolines (products A and B) using hydroxide ion. The relative proportions of the hydroxyquinolines (A and B) produced are dependent upon the reaction conditions and structure of the starting material. Although the reaction product is commonly depicted as a quinoline (the Keto-enol tautomerism, enol form), it is believed that the Keto-enol tautomerism, keto form predominates in both the solid state and in solution, making the compound a quinolone. An example of the Camps reaction is given below:''Sequential Cu-Catalyzed Amidation-Base-Mediated Camps Cyclization: A Two-Step Synthesis of 2-Aryl-4-quinolones from o-Halophenones'' Jones, C. P.; Anderson, K. W.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Org. Chem.; (Article); 2007; 72(21); 7968-7973. The amides of 1,3-enaminoketones react to form pyridinones-2 under similar conditions. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camps Quinoline Synthesis Scheme
Camps may refer to: People *Ramón Camps (1927–1994), Argentine general *Gabriel Camps (1927–2002), French historian *Luís Espinal Camps (1932–1980), Spanish missionary to Bolivia *Victoria Camps (b. 1941), Spanish philosopher and professor *Josep Piqué i Camps (b. 1955), Spanish politician *Francisco Camps (b. 1962), Spanish politician *Gerardo Camps, (b. 1963), Spanish politician *Patricio Camps (b. 1972), Argentine footballer Places In Argentina: *Estación Camps, village in Entre Ríos Province In France: *Camps-sur-l'Agly, commune in the Aude department *Camps-en-Amiénois, commune in the Somme department *Camps-la-Source, commune in the Var department *Camps-sur-l'Isle, commune in the Gironde department *Camps-Saint-Mathurin-Léobazel, commune in the Corrèze department See also *CAMPS, missile defense system for civilian aircraft *Camp (other) *Campus * Kamps (other) *Kempes Kempes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Mario Kem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
