|
39th Mixed Brigade
The 39th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army that took part in the Spanish Civil War. Throughout the war the brigade was present on the Madrid, Guadalajara and Levante fronts. History The unit was created on November 26, 1936, at the Madrid front, from the "Ferrer", "Toledo", "Sigüenza", "7th Confederate Militias", "Orobón Fernández" and "Juvenil Libertario" battalions of the Palacios Column. Miguel Palacios Martínez was appointed as commander of the 39th Mixed Brigade, with the anarcho-syndicalist Julián Adrados Almazán as political commissar. On December 31, the brigade was assigned to the 5th Division. At that time the unit covered the northwestern sector of the Casa de Campo, on the right wing of the Madrid front — following the Madrid railway line - to the road from Húmera to Aravaca. The 39th MB received reinforcements from the Durruti Column, the brigade being yielded by the "Juvenil Libertario" and "Orobón Femández" battalions. La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
November 1936
The following events occurred in November 1936: November 1, 1936 (Sunday) *During a speech in Milan, Benito Mussolini referred to the existence of a "German-Italian axis." November 2, 1936 (Monday) * BBC Television Service, Britain's first television station, was launched. *The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation was launched. *Nationalists captured Brunete. *Born: Rose Bird, Chief Justice of California, near Tucson, Arizona (d. 1999) November 3, 1936 (Tuesday) *Franklin D. Roosevelt was re-elected in the United States presidential election by a landslide. Roosevelt carried 46 out of 48 states in the most lopsided election in American history in terms of electoral votes. *The Miyagi earthquake struck Japan. *Several cantons in Switzerland banned the Communist Party. *Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg performed a cabinet reshuffle that ousted all three former members of the Heimwehr. *Edward VIII opened Parliament with a speech from the throne. *The first episode of ''Starl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5th Division (Spain)
The 5th Division was one of the divisions of the People's Army of the Republic that were organized during the Spanish Civil War on the basis of the Mixed Brigades. It was deployed on the Madrid and Levante fronts. History The unit was created on 31 December 1936, within the Madrid Army Corps. It covered the second sector of the Madrid front, from the El Pardo wall to the Manzanares river. It had its headquarters in the Palace of El Pardo. The division was made up of the 5th, 38th and 39th mixed brigades, with 8,166 troops and nine pieces of artillery. The 5th Division played an important role during the Third Battle of the Corunna Road, defending the accesses to Madrid, the San Fernando Bridge and the El Pardo mountain. Later the unit became part of the II Army Corps, and later in the VI Army Corps, remaining at the Madrid front. In the spring of 1938, José Miaja sent it to the Levante front to reinforce the republican forces that were resisting the nationalist of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Segorbe
Segorbe is a municipality in the mountainous coastal province of Castelló, autonomous community of Valencia, Spain. The former Palace of the Dukes of Medinaceli now houses the city's mayor. Segorbe's bull-running week (''semana de Toros'') in September attracts 200,000 visitors each year. Geography The municipal district area is crossed by the Palancia River from north west to south east. It is located on the natural way from Aragón to Valencian Community, between the Serra d'Espadà on the north and Serra Calderona on the south. The urban area is located at 358 m height, placed over two hills emerging from the bank of the river. History The area of Segorbe was inhabited as early as the mid-Palaeolithic Age, as testified by archaeological remains. Segorbe was once identified as the ancient ''Segobriga'', described by Pliny the Elder as the capital of Celtiberia. However, archaeological excavations have uncovered an extensive Roman city in La Mancha which has been iden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 24
Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy marking the end of the legendary Trojan War, given by chief librarian of the Library of Alexandria Eratosthenes, among others. * 1547 – Battle of Mühlberg. Duke of Alba, commanding Spanish-Imperial forces of Charles I of Spain, defeats the troops of Schmalkaldic League. * 1558 – Mary, Queen of Scots, marries the Dauphin of France, François, at Notre Dame de Paris. 1601–1900 * 1704 – The first regular newspaper in British Colonial America, ''The Boston News-Letter'', is published. * 1793 – French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat is acquitted by the Revolutionary Tribunal of charges brought by the Girondin in Paris. * 1800 – The United States Library of Congress is established when President John Adams signs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Penido Iglesias
José Penido Iglesias (born 1894 or 1895) was a Galician anarcho-syndicalist and military commander during the Spanish Civil War. Biography Born in Santiago de Compostela, in 1894 or 1895, in his youth he studied medicine. He emigrated to America, where he lived for some time and became involved in trade unionism. Upon his return to Spain, he joined the Republican Left party, later joining the National Confederation of Labor (CNT). In July 1936, after the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, he escaped to Gijón. He took command of an anarchist battalion composed mainly of Galicians, known as the Galicia battalion. In August 1937, he received the command of the 183rd Mixed Brigade, fighting during the Asturias Offensive. After the fall of the Northern Front, he returned to the central Republican area, where he held command of the 39th Mixed Brigade and of the 5th Division, with which he intervened in the Levante Offensive. Captured by the Francoists, he was sent to a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1938
Events January * January 1 ** The Constitution of Estonia#Third Constitution (de facto 1938–1940, de jure 1938–1992), new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the authoritarian regime. ** state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Safinaz Zulficar, who becomes Farida of Egypt, Queen Farida, in Cairo. * January 27 – The Honeymoon Bridge (Niagara Falls), Honeymoon Bridge at Niagara Falls, New York, collapses as a result of an ice jam. February * February 4 ** Adolf Hitler abolishes the War Ministry and creates the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces), giving him direct control of the German military. In addition, he dismisses political and military leaders considered unsympathetic to his philosophy or policies. Gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 31
Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine the Great, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade. Louis VII of France, Louis VII is present, and joins the Crusade. *1492 – Queen Isabella I of Castile, Isabella of Castile issues the Alhambra Decree, ordering her 150,000 Spanish and Portuguese Jews, Jewish and Moors, Muslim subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion. *1521 – Ferdinand Magellan and Magellan's circumnavigation, fifty of his men came ashore to present-day Limasawa to participate in the First Mass in the Philippines, first Catholic mass in the Philippines. 1601–1900 *1657 – The Long Parliament presents the Humble Petition and Advice offering Oliver Cromwell the British throne, which he eventually declines. *1717 – A sermon on "The Nature of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1937
Events January * January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua. * January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into February, leaving 1 million people homeless and 385 people dead. * January 15 – Spanish Civil War: Second Battle of the Corunna Road ends inconclusively. * January 20 – Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt: Franklin D. Roosevelt is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States. This is the first time that the United States presidential inauguration occurs on this date; the change is due to the ratification in 1933 of the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution. * January 23 – Moscow Trials: Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center – In the Soviet Union 17 leading Communists go on trial, accused of participating in a plot led by Leon Trotsky to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime, and assas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 19
Events Pre-1600 *AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Raqqa (northern Syria). * 797 – Empress Irene organizes a conspiracy against her son, the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI. He is deposed and blinded. Shortly after, Constantine dies of his wounds; Irene proclaims herself ''basileus''. *1506 – The Lisbon Massacre begins, in which accused Jews are slaughtered by Portuguese Catholics. * 1529 – Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers (''German:'' Fürst) and independent cities protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms. * 1539 – The Treaty of Frankfurt between Protestants and the Holy Roman Emperor is signed. 1601–1900 *1608 – In Ireland: O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 1937
The following events occurred in April 1937: April 1, 1937 (Thursday) *The Condor Legion carried out the Bombing of Jaén, killing 159 people. *The Government of India Act 1935 came into effect. *Born: Mohammad Hamid Ansari, diplomat and Vice President of India, in Kolkata, Calcutta, British Raj, British India April 2, 1937 (Friday) *Pennsylvania chocolate workers' strike, 1937, Pennsylvania chocolate workers' strike: A sitdown strike began at the The Hershey Company, Hershey Chocolate Corporation. *Died: Jānis Buivids, 72, Latvian general April 3, 1937 (Saturday) *Manchukuo, Manchukuan Prince Pujie and Hiro Saga were married in a simple Shinto ceremony in Tokyo. April 4, 1937 (Sunday) *Byron Nelson won the 1937 Masters Tournament, fourth Masters Tournament. *Died: Charles Henry Smyth, Jr., 71, American geologist April 5, 1937 (Monday) *The first postage stamps bearing the face of Adolf Hitler went on sale in Germany to commemorate the Führer's 48th birthday. *The French li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederal Militias
The confederal militias were a movement of people's militia organized during the Spanish civil war by the dominant organizations of anarchism in Spain: the National Confederation of Labor (CNT) and the Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI). These militias played an important role in the Revolution of 1934. They were not the only ones, since other militias belonging to other organizations, parties and trade unions also played a role in the revolution, such as those of POUM ("Workers' Party of Marxist Unification"), those of the Syndicalist Party (PS) and those of the General Union of Workers (UGT). After the coup d'état of July 1936, armed groups of civilian volunteers organized by the parties and trade unions formed in the areas where the uprising failed, joined the remains of the regular army units and state security forces that had remained loyal to the Republic. In these militias, the volunteers refused the uniform, salute and other marks of respect to military hierarchy. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durruti Column
The Durruti Column (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Columna Durruti''), with about 6,000 people, was the largest anarchist column (or military unit) formed during the Spanish Civil War. During the first months of the war, it became the most recognized and popular military organisation fighting against Francisco Franco, Franco, and it is a symbol of the Spanish anarchist movement and its struggle to create an egalitarian society with elements of individualism and collectivism. The column included people from all over the world. Philosopher Simone Weil fought alongside Buenaventura Durruti in the Durruti Column, and her memories and experiences from the war can be found in her book, ''Écrits historiques et politiques''. The Durruti Column was militarised in 1937, becoming part of the 26th Division (Spain), 26th Division on 28 April. History Formation The column was formed in Barcelona where, on 18 July 1936, the anarchists started fighting against Manuel Goded Llopis, General Goded a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
