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3-4 Duoprism
In geometry of 4 dimensions, a 3-4 duoprism, the second smallest p-q duoprism, is a 4-polytope resulting from the Cartesian product of a triangle and a square. The ''3-4 duoprism'' exists in some of the uniform 5-polytopes in the B5 family. Images Related complex polygons The quasiregular complex polytope 3×4, , in \mathbb^2 has a real representation as a 3-4 duoprism in 4-dimensional space. It has 12 vertices, and 4 3-edges and 3 4-edges. Its symmetry is 3 sub>4, order 12. Coxeter, H. S. M.; ''Regular Complex Polytopes'', Cambridge University Press, (1974). Related polytopes The birectified 5-cube, has a uniform 3-4 duoprism vertex figure: : 3-4 duopyramid The dual of a ''3-4 duoprism'' is called a 3-4 duopyramid. It has 12 digonal disphenoid cells, 24 isosceles triangular faces, 12 edges, and 7 vertices. See also *Polytope and polychoron *Convex regular polychoron *Duocylinder *Tesseract Notes References *''Regular Polytopes'', H. S. M. Coxeter, Dover Publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-4 Duoprism
In geometry of 4 dimensions, a 3-4 duoprism, the second smallest p-q duoprism, is a 4-polytope resulting from the Cartesian product of a triangle and a square. The ''3-4 duoprism'' exists in some of the uniform 5-polytopes in the B5 family. Images Related complex polygons The quasiregular complex polytope 3×4, , in \mathbb^2 has a real representation as a 3-4 duoprism in 4-dimensional space. It has 12 vertices, and 4 3-edges and 3 4-edges. Its symmetry is 3 sub>4, order 12. Coxeter, H. S. M.; ''Regular Complex Polytopes'', Cambridge University Press, (1974). Related polytopes The birectified 5-cube, has a uniform 3-4 duoprism vertex figure: : 3-4 duopyramid The dual of a ''3-4 duoprism'' is called a 3-4 duopyramid. It has 12 digonal disphenoid cells, 24 isosceles triangular faces, 12 edges, and 7 vertices. See also *Polytope and polychoron *Convex regular polychoron *Duocylinder *Tesseract Notes References *''Regular Polytopes'', H. S. M. Coxeter, Dover Publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duoprism
In geometry of 4 dimensions or higher, a double prism or duoprism is a polytope resulting from the Cartesian product of two polytopes, each of two dimensions or higher. The Cartesian product of an -polytope and an -polytope is an -polytope, where and are dimensions of 2 (polygon) or higher. The lowest-dimensional duoprisms exist in 4-dimensional space as 4-polytopes being the Cartesian product of two polygons in 2-dimensional Euclidean space. More precisely, it is the set of points: :P_1 \times P_2 = \ where and are the sets of the points contained in the respective polygons. Such a duoprism is convex if both bases are convex, and is bounded by prismatic cells. Nomenclature Four-dimensional duoprisms are considered to be prismatic 4-polytopes. A duoprism constructed from two regular polygons of the same edge length is a uniform duoprism. A duoprism made of ''n''-polygons and ''m''-polygons is named by prefixing 'duoprism' with the names of the base polygons, for examp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertex Figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off. Definitions Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connected edge. Draw lines across the connected faces, joining adjacent points around the face. When done, these lines form a complete circuit, i.e. a polygon, around the vertex. This polygon is the vertex figure. More precise formal definitions can vary quite widely, according to circumstance. For example Coxeter (e.g. 1948, 1954) varies his definition as convenient for the current area of discussion. Most of the following definitions of a vertex figure apply equally well to infinite tessellation, tilings or, by extension, to Honeycomb (geometry), space-filling tessellation with polytope Cell (geometry), cells and other higher-dimensional polytopes. As a flat slice Make a slice through the corner of the polyhedron, cutting through all the edges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birectified 5-cube
In five-dimensional geometry, a rectified 5-cube is a convex uniform 5-polytope, being a rectification of the regular 5-cube. There are 5 degrees of rectifications of a 5-polytope, the zeroth here being the 5-cube, and the 4th and last being the 5-orthoplex. Vertices of the rectified 5-cube are located at the edge-centers of the 5-cube. Vertices of the birectified 5-cube are located in the square face centers of the 5-cube. Rectified 5-cube Alternate names * Rectified penteract (acronym: rin) (Jonathan Bowers) Construction The rectified 5-cube may be constructed from the 5-cube by truncating its vertices at the midpoints of its edges. Coordinates The Cartesian coordinates of the vertices of the rectified 5-cube with edge length \sqrt is given by all permutations of: :(0,\ \pm1,\ \pm1,\ \pm1,\ \pm1) Images Birectified 5-cube E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, identifying it as Cr52 as a second rectification of a 5-dimensional cross polytope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter
Harold Scott MacDonald "Donald" Coxeter, (9 February 1907 – 31 March 2003) was a British and later also Canadian geometer. He is regarded as one of the greatest geometers of the 20th century. Biography Coxeter was born in Kensington to Harold Samuel Coxeter and Lucy (). His father had taken over the family business of Coxeter & Son, manufacturers of surgical instruments and compressed gases (including a mechanism for anaesthetising surgical patients with nitrous oxide), but was able to retire early and focus on sculpting and baritone singing; Lucy Coxeter was a portrait and landscape painter who had attended the Royal Academy of Arts. A maternal cousin was the architect Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. In his youth, Coxeter composed music and was an accomplished pianist at the age of 10. Roberts, Siobhan, ''King of Infinite Space: Donald Coxeter, The Man Who Saved Geometry'', Walker & Company, 2006, He felt that mathematics and music were intimately related, outlining his i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Complex Polytope
In geometry, a complex polytope is a generalization of a polytope in real space to an analogous structure in a complex Hilbert space, where each real dimension is accompanied by an imaginary one. A complex polytope may be understood as a collection of complex points, lines, planes, and so on, where every point is the junction of multiple lines, every line of multiple planes, and so on. Precise definitions exist only for the regular complex polytopes, which are configurations. The regular complex polytopes have been completely characterized, and can be described using a symbolic notation developed by Coxeter. Some complex polytopes which are not fully regular have also been described. Definitions and introduction The complex line \mathbb^1 has one dimension with real number, real coordinates and another with imaginary coordinates. Applying real coordinates to both dimensions is said to give it two dimensions over the real numbers. A real plane, with the imaginary axis labelled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Complex Polygon 3x4 Stereographic3
Complex commonly refers to: * Complexity, the behaviour of a system whose components interact in multiple ways so possible interactions are difficult to describe ** Complex system, a system composed of many components which may interact with each other * Complex (psychology), a core pattern of emotions etc. in the personal unconscious organized around a common theme such as power or status Complex may also refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Complex (English band), formed in 1968, and their 1971 album ''Complex'' * Complex (band), a Japanese rock band * ''Complex'' (album), by Montaigne, 2019, and its title track * ''Complex'' (EP), by Rifle Sport, 1985 * "Complex" (song), by Gary Numan, 1979 * Complex Networks, publisher of magazine ''Complex'', now online Biology * Protein–ligand complex, a complex of a protein bound with a ligand * Exosome complex, a multi-protein intracellular complex * Protein complex, a group of two or more associated polypeptide chains * Specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uniform 5-polytope
In geometry, a uniform 5-polytope is a five-dimensional uniform polytope. By definition, a uniform 5-polytope is vertex-transitive and constructed from uniform 4-polytope Facet (geometry), facets. The complete set of convex uniform 5-polytopes has not been determined, but many can be made as Wythoff constructions from a small set of Coxeter groups, symmetry groups. These construction operations are represented by the permutations of rings of the Coxeter diagrams. History of discovery *Regular polytopes: (convex faces) **1852: Ludwig Schläfli proved in his manuscript ''Theorie der vielfachen Kontinuität'' that there are exactly 3 regular polytopes in 5 or more dimensions. *Convex semiregular polytopes: (Various definitions before Coxeter's uniform category) **1900: Thorold Gosset enumerated the list of nonprismatic semiregular convex polytopes with regular facets (convex regular 4-polytopes) in his publication ''On the Regular and Semi-Regular Figures in Space of n Dimension ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Square
In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular quadrilateral, which means that it has four equal sides and four equal angles (90-degree angles, π/2 radian angles, or right angles). It can also be defined as a rectangle with two equal-length adjacent sides. It is the only regular polygon whose internal angle, central angle, and external angle are all equal (90°), and whose diagonals are all equal in length. A square with vertices ''ABCD'' would be denoted . Characterizations A convex quadrilateral is a square if and only if it is any one of the following: * A rectangle with two adjacent equal sides * A rhombus with a right vertex angle * A rhombus with all angles equal * A parallelogram with one right vertex angle and two adjacent equal sides * A quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles * A quadrilateral where the diagonals are equal, and are the perpendicular bisectors of each other (i.e., a rhombus with equal diagonals) * A convex quadrilateral with successiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
