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3,4,5-Tri-O-galloylquinic Acid
3,4,5-Tri-''O''-galloylquinic acid is a hydrolysable tannin found in ''Lepidobotrys staudtii'', in ''Guiera senegalensis'' or in the resurrection plant (''Myrothamnus flabellifolius''). It is classified as a natural product with anti-HIV activity and a DNA polymerase inhibitor PCR inhibitors are any factor which prevent the amplification of nucleic acids through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR inhibition is the most common cause of amplification failure when sufficient copies of DNA are present. PCR inhibitors u .... References Gallotannins Trihydroxybenzoic acids Quinic acid esters Pyrogallols {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrolysable Tannin
A hydrolyzable tannin or pyrogallol-type tannin is a type of tannin that, on heating with hydrochloric or sulfuric acids, yields gallic or ellagic acids. At the center of a hydrolyzable tannin molecule, there is a carbohydrate (usually D-glucose but also cyclitols like quinic or shikimic acids). The hydroxyl groups of the carbohydrate are partially or totally esterified with phenolic groups such as gallic acid in gallotannins or ellagic acid in ellagitannins. Hydrolysable tannins are mixtures of polygalloyl glucoses and/or poly-galloyl quinic acid derivatives containing in between 3 up to 12 gallic acid residues per molecule. Hydrolyzable tannins are hydrolyzed by weak acids or weak bases to produce carbohydrate and phenolic acids. Examples of gallotannins are the gallic acid esters of glucose in tannic acid (C76H52O46), found in the leaves and bark of many plant species. Hydrolysable tannins can be extracted from different vegetable plants, such as chestnut wood (''Castanea s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepidobotrys Staudtii
Lepidobotrys is a flowering plant genus in the family '' Lepidobotryaceae''. It contains only one species, ''Lepidobotrys staudtii''.Klaus Kubitzky. "Lepidobotryaceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VI. Springer-Verlag: Berlin,Heidelberg, Germany (2004). ''L. staudtii'' is a small African tree, ranging from Cameroon eastward to Ethiopia.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. (2007). The tannin 3,4,5-tri-O-galloylquinic acid is found in ''L. staudtii''. Taxonomic history ''Lepidobotrys staudtii'' was named and described by Adolf Engler in 1902 and placed by him in the family Linaceae.Adolf Engler (May 1902). section: Linaceae africanae In: "Beitrage zur Flora von Afrika" In: ''Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie'' 32(1):108 (see External links below) It was regarded as somewhat of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guiera Senegalensis
''Guiera'' is a flowering plant genus in the family Combretaceae. ''Guiera senegalensis'' is the only known species in the genus, found in Tropical Africa in dry areas from Senegal to Sudan (requiring much sunlight and light dry soil). The plant produces the tannin 3,4,5-Tri-O-galloylquinic acid and several alkaloids of the harmane family. Uses The plant as a whole is often decorative, however the leaves are known as a medicinal 'cure-all' in Africa: It is known for being hypotensive, antidiarrhetic, anti-inflammatory, and helpful for coughs. Its bark yields a marketable gum; its branches are used for baskets, framework, and fences; its roots for toothpicks; and its smoke repels flies. Ecology Guiera is a pioneer species, spread via animal dispersal and grows well in impoverished soil. It is an indicator species of overgrazed land. Water pump Guiera naturally "pumps" water to the surface in a process called '' hydraulic lift'' or ''hydraulic redistribution Hydraulic re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrothamnus Flabellifolius
''Myrothamnus flabellifolius'' is a plant species in the genus ''Myrothamnus'' found in Southern Africa. It is also called the resurrection plant, for the speed with which apparently dead leaves revive when the rains come. (see Poikilohydry Poikilohydry is the lack of ability (structural or functional mechanism) to maintain and/or regulate water content to achieve homeostasis In biology, homeostasis (British English, British also homoeostasis) Help:IPA/English, (/hɒmɪə(ʊ)ˈste ...) 3,4,5-Tri-O-galloylquinic acid is a tannin found in ''M. flabellifolius''. Description ''Myrothamnus flabellifolius'' is a small resinous shoot that reaches 200 - 1200mm in height. It can be found in either single bundles or colonies. These colonies are commonly found to have extensive root systems. During the winter these plants are known to lose all of their leaves. It will stay in this state for approximately half of the year. After first rainfall, it can grow back its leaves very quickl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Product
A natural product is a natural compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature. In the broadest sense, natural products include any substance produced by life. Natural products can also be prepared by chemical synthesis (both semisynthesis and total synthesis) and have played a central role in the development of the field of organic chemistry by providing challenging synthetic targets. The term natural product has also been extended for commercial purposes to refer to cosmetics, dietary supplements, and foods produced from natural sources without added artificial ingredients. Within the field of organic chemistry, the definition of natural products is usually restricted to organic compounds isolated from natural sources that are produced by the pathways of primary or secondary metabolism. Within the field of medicinal chemistry, the definition is often further restricted to secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites (or specialized metabolites ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DNA Polymerase Inhibitor
PCR inhibitors are any factor which prevent the amplification of nucleic acids through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR inhibition is the most common cause of amplification failure when sufficient copies of DNA are present. PCR inhibitors usually affect PCR through interaction with DNA or interference with the DNA polymerase. Inhibitors can escape removal during the DNA purification procedure by binding directly to single or double-stranded DNA. Alternatively, by reducing the availability of cofactors (such as Mg2+) or otherwise interfering with their interaction with the DNA polymerase, PCR is inhibited. In a multiplex PCR reaction, it is possible for the different sequences to suffer from different inhibition effects to different extents, leading to disparity in their relative amplifications. Types of inhibitors Inhibitors may be present in the original sample, such as blood, fabrics, tissues and soil but may also be added as a result of the sample processing and DNA ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gallotannins
A gallotannin is any of a class of molecules belonging to the hydrolysable tannins. Gallotannins are polymers formed when gallic acid, a polyphenol monomer, esterifies and binds with the hydroxyl group of a polyol carbohydrate such as glucose. Metabolism Gallate 1-beta-glucosyltransferase uses UDP-glucose and gallate to produce UDP and 1-galloyl-beta-D-glucose. Beta-glucogallin O-galloyltransferase uses 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose to produce D-glucose and 1-O,6-O-digalloyl-beta-D-glucose. Beta-glucogallin-tetrakisgalloylglucose O-galloyltransferase uses 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose and 1,2,3,6-tetrakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose to produce D-glucose and 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, the common precursor of gallotannins and the related ellagitannins). Tannase is a key enzyme in the degradation of gallotannins that uses digallic acid and H2O to produce gallic acid. See also * List of antioxidants in food This is a list of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
