|
21 Aerospace Control And Warning Squadron
21 Aerospace Control & Warning Squadron is a Royal Canadian Air Force unit based at 22 Wing/CFB North Bay. It is the operational air defence unit for the Canadian NORAD Region. With its complement of 185 personnel, ''21 Aerospace Control & Warning Squadron'' maintains air sovereignty over Canadian airspace, monitors Canada's surveillance assets and controls assigned military aircraft, such as CF-18 interceptors. It coordinates with outside agencies to identify air traffic (over 200,000 flights a year), provides control of special air sovereignty incidents, assist law enforcement agencies with cases of suspected smuggling of illegal drugs via air into North America and supports international defense and peacekeeping commitments. History The Squadron was activated at the air defence radar station at St. Margarets, New Brunswick, Canada, in 1953 with the signing of the Pinetree Agreement. In 1963 it became part of the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment system, the North American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Canadian Air Force
The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF; french: Aviation royale canadienne, ARC) is the air and space force of Canada. Its role is to "provide the Canadian Forces with relevant, responsive and effective airpower". The RCAF is one of three environmental commands within the unified Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2020, the Royal Canadian Air Force consists of 12,074 Regular Force and 1,969 Primary Reserve personnel, supported by 1,518 civilians, and operates 258 manned aircraft and nine unmanned aerial vehicles. Lieutenant-General Eric Kenny is the current commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force and chief of the Air Force Staff. The Royal Canadian Air Force is responsible for all aircraft operations of the Canadian Forces, enforcing the security of Canada's airspace and providing aircraft to support the missions of the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Army. The RCAF is a partner with the United States Air Force in protecting continental airspace under the North American Aerospac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radar
Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (''ranging''), angle, and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. A radar system consists of a transmitter producing electromagnetic waves in the radio or microwaves domain, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna (often the same antenna is used for transmitting and receiving) and a receiver and processor to determine properties of the objects. Radio waves (pulsed or continuous) from the transmitter reflect off the objects and return to the receiver, giving information about the objects' locations and speeds. Radar was developed secretly for military use by several countries in the period before and during World War II. A key development was the cavity magnetron in the United Kingdom, which allowed the creation of relatively small systems with sub-meter resolution. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 In Canada
Events from the year 1988 in Canada. Incumbents Crown * Monarch – Elizabeth II Federal government * Governor General – Jeanne Sauvé * Prime Minister – Brian Mulroney * Chief Justice – Brian Dickson (Manitoba) * Parliament – 33rd (until 1 October) then 34th (from December 12) Provincial governments Lieutenant governors *Lieutenant Governor of Alberta – Helen Hunley *Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Robert G. Rogers (until September 9) then David Lam * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – George Johnson *Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Gilbert Finn *Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland – James McGrath *Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Alan Abraham *Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Lincoln Alexander *Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Lloyd MacPhail *Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Gilles Lamontagne *Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan – Frederick Johnson (until September 7) then Sylvia Fedoruk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norad
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD ), known until March 1981 as the North American Air Defense Command, is a combined organization of the United States and Canada that provides aerospace warning, air sovereignty, and protection for Canada and the continental United States. Headquarters for NORAD and the NORAD/United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) center are located at Peterson Space Force Base in El Paso County, near Colorado Springs, Colorado. The nearby Cheyenne Mountain Complex has the Alternate Command Center. The NORAD commander and deputy commander (CINCNORAD) are, respectively, a United States four-star general or equivalent and a Canadian lieutenant-general or equivalent. Organization CINCNORAD maintains the NORAD headquarters at Peterson Space Force Base near Colorado Springs, Colorado. The NORAD and USNORTHCOM Command Center at Peterson SFB serves as a central collection and coordination facility for a worldwide system of sensors designed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semi-Automatic Ground Environment
The Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) was a system of mainframe computer, large computers and associated computer network, networking equipment that coordinated data from many radar sites and processed it to produce a single unified image of the airspace over a wide area. SAGE directed and controlled the NORAD response to a possible Soviet air attack, operating in this role from the late 1950s into the 1980s. Its enormous computers and huge displays remain a part of cold war lore, and after decommissioning were common props in movies such as ''Dr. Strangelove'' and Colossus: The Forbin Project, ''Colossus'', and on science fiction TV series such as ''The Time Tunnel''. The processing power behind SAGE was supplied by the largest discrete component-based computer ever built, the IBM-manufactured AN/FSQ-7 Combat Direction Central, AN/FSQ-7. Each SAGE Direction Center (DC) housed an FSQ-7 which occupied an entire floor, approximately not including supporting equipment. The F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1963 In Canada
Events from the year 1963 in Canada. Incumbents Crown * List of Canadian monarchs, Monarch – Elizabeth II Federal government * Governor General of Canada, Governor General – Georges Vanier * Prime Minister of Canada, Prime Minister – John Diefenbaker (until April 22) then Lester B. Pearson * Chief Justice of Canada, Chief Justice – Patrick Kerwin (Ontario) (until 2 February) then Robert Taschereau (Quebec) * Parliament of Canada, Parliament – 25th Canadian Parliament, 25th (until 6 February) then 26th Canadian Parliament, 26th (from 16 May) Provincial governments Lieutenant governors *Lieutenant Governor of Alberta – John Percy Page *Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – George Pearkes *Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Errick Willis *Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Joseph Leonard O'Brien *Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland – Campbell Leonard Macpherson (until March 1) then Fabian O'Dea *Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SAGE Console
Sage or SAGE may refer to: Plants * ''Salvia officinalis'', common sage, a small evergreen subshrub used as a culinary herb ** Lamiaceae, a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint or deadnettle or sage family ** ''Salvia'', a large genus commonly referred to as sage, containing the common sage * ''Leucophyllum'', a genus of evergreen shrubs in the figwort family, often called sages * ''Artemisia'' (plant), a genus of shrubs in the composite family, includes several members referred to as sage or sagebrush Arts, entertainment and media Fictional characters * Sage (comics), in Marvel comics * Sage (''Dark Oracle''), in the Canadian TV series * Sage, in the TV show ''Hot Wheels Battle Force 5'' * Sage, a ''Shuffle!'' character * Sage, in ''The Vampire Diaries'' (season 3) * Sage the Owl, in ''The Herbs'' * The Sage, in the ''Groo the Wanderer'' comics * Sages, characters of ''The Legend of Zelda'' * Toad Sage and the Sage of the Six Paths, ''Naruto'' characters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinetree Line
The Pinetree Line was a series of radar stations located across the northern United States and southern Canada at about the 50th parallel north, along with a number of other stations located on the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Run by North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) (after its creation), over half were staffed by United States Air Force personnel with the balance operated by the Royal Canadian Air Force. The line was the first coordinated system for early detection of a Soviet Union, Soviet bomber attack on North America, but before the early 1950s radar technology quickly became outdated and the line was in full operation only for a short time. History Plans for what would become the Pinetree Line were underway as early as 1946 within the Permanent Joint Board on Defense (PJBD), a Canadian-U.S. organization. However, the costs of running such a system in the post-war era was too high, and instead Canada concentrated on the areas around Ontari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1953 In Canada
Events from the year 1953 in Canada. Incumbents Crown * Monarch – Elizabeth II Federal government * Governor General – Vincent Massey * Prime Minister – Louis St. Laurent * Chief Justice – Thibaudeau Rinfret (Quebec) * Parliament – 21st (until 13 June) then 22nd (from 12 November) Provincial governments Lieutenant governors *Lieutenant Governor of Alberta – John J. Bowlen *Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Clarence Wallace * Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Roland Fairbairn McWilliams (until August 1) then John Stewart McDiarmid *Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – David Laurence MacLaren *Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland – Leonard Outerbridge * Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Alistair Fraser *Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Louis Orville Breithaupt * Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Thomas William Lemuel Prowse * Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Gaspard Fauteux *Lieutenant Governor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-aircraft Warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes Surface-to-air missile, surface based, subsurface (Submarine#Armament, submarine launched), and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements, and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be used to protect naval, ground, and air forces in any location. However, for most countries, the main effort has tended to be homeland defence. NATO refers to airborne air defence as counter-air and naval air defence as anti-aircraft warfare. Missile defense, Missile defence is an extension of air defence, as are initiatives to adapt air defence to the task of intercepting any projectile in flight. In some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the World War II, Second World War, the Soviet Union, and modern NATO a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
22 Wing North Bay
Canadian Forces Base North Bay, also CFB North Bay, is an Canadian Forces base, air force base located at the City of North Bay, Ontario, North Bay, Ontario about north of Toronto. The base is subordinate to 1 Canadian Air Division, Winnipeg, Manitoba, and is the centre for North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) operations in Canada, under the Canadian NORAD Region Headquarters, also in Winnipeg. It is also home to the 1 Air Force, Detachment 2 of the United States Air Force. 22 Wing/Canadian Forces Base North Bay is the most important military base in Canada with respect to the continental air defence of North America and the country's air sovereignty. It is also home to one of the most unusual military installations in North America, the NORAD Underground Complex, a bunker the size of a shopping centre, 60 storeys beneath the surface of the Earth. On 1 April 1993, all air bases in Canada were redesignated as wings; the base was renamed 22 Wing/Canadian Forces Base ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping comprises activities intended to create conditions that favour lasting peace. Research generally finds that peacekeeping reduces civilian and battlefield deaths, as well as reduces the risk of renewed warfare. Within the United Nations (UN) group of nation-state governments and organisations, there is a general understanding that at the international level, peacekeepers monitor and observe peace processes in post-conflict areas, and may assist ex-combatants in implementing peace agreement commitments that they have undertaken. Such assistance may come in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development. Accordingly, the UN peacekeepers (often referred to as Blue Berets or Blue Helmets because of their light blue berets or helmets) can include soldiers, police officers, and civilian personnel. The United Nations is not the only organisation to implem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
