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2021–2022 Ethiopian State Of Emergency
The 2021–2022 Ethiopian state of emergency was issued by the Ethiopian Government on 2 November 2021 and put into effect on 5 November by the Ethiopian parliament, which acted the bill from the executive government of the country into law. The six month state of emergency grants federal authorities "sweeping powers to arrest and detain critics, impose curfews and restrict the news media" as well as conscript any citizen over 18 to fight in the Tigray War. The emergency was lifted on 15 February 2022 in a vote by the Ethiopian Parliament three weeks after the cabinet of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed approved of lifting the emergency. Background The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) suffered a defeat in June 2021 when forced to withdraw from the Tigray Region in the north of Ethiopia, and several thousand of its soldiers were taken captive. The state of emergency in November was declared after Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) took Dessie and Kombolcha, "strategically located towns ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tigray War
The Tigray War; ; . was an armed conflict that lasted from 3 November 2020 to 3 November 2022. The war was primarily fought in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia between the Ethiopian federal government and Eritrea on one side, and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) on the other. After years of increased tensions and hostilities between the TPLF and the governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea, fighting began when Tigrayan security forces attacked the Northern Command headquarters of the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF), alongside a number of other bases in Tigray. The ENDF counterattacked from the south – while Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) began launching attacks from the north – which Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed described as "law enforcement operations." Federal allied forces captured Mekelle, the capital of the Tigray Region, on 28 November, after which Abiy declared the operation "over." However, the Tigray government stated soon afterwards that it would continue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tigray People's Liberation Front
The Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF; ti, ህዝባዊ ወያነ ሓርነት ትግራይ, lit=Popular Struggle for the Freedom of Tigray), also called the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front, is a left-wing ethnic nationalist paramilitary group, a banned political party, and the former ruling party of Ethiopia. It is designated as a terrorist organization by the Ethiopian government. It is widely known as Woyane ( ti, ወያነ), or Wayane ( am, ወያኔ) in older texts and Amharic publications. The TPLF was established on 18 February 1975 in Dedebit, northwestern Tigray, according to official records. Within 16 years, it had grown from about a dozen men into the most powerful armed “liberation” movement in Ethiopia. It led a political coalition called the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) from 1989 to 2018. It fought a 15-year-long war against the Derg regime which was overthrown in 1991. Due largely to its war fighting capabilities, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2022 In Ethiopia
Events in the year 2022 in Ethiopia. Incumbents * President of Ethiopia, President: Sahle-Work Zewde * Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Prime Minister: Abiy Ahmed Events * Ongoing – COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia, Benishangul-Gumuz conflict, Oromo conflict, Tigray War * 7 January – At least 56 people are Dedebit airstrike, killed by an airstrike on an IDP camp in Dedebit (town), Dedebit, Tigray Region, Ethiopia. * 2 March – Twenty Ethiopian soldiers, 30 attackers, and three civilians are killed in the Metekel Zone of Benishangul-Gumuz Region. * 18 June - Gimbi massacre * 20 July - 2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia * 4 October - Adi Daero school airstrike * 25 October - Tigray War Tigrayan peace process, peace talks mediated by the African Union is formally being held for the first time in Johannesburg, South Africa. * 2 November - Ethiopian and Tigrayan forces agreed to Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement, permanently cease any hostilities, ending the 2 year Tigray War, war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 In Ethiopia
Events in the year 2021 in Ethiopia. Incumbents *President: Sahle-Work Zewde *Prime Minister: Abiy Ahmed Events *Ongoing – COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia – Benishangul-Gumuz conflict (since 2019) – Tigray War (since 2020) January *3 January – Sudan, Egypt, and Ethiopia agree to hold further talks this month to resolve their dispute over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile. *5 January – The government promises to repair the centuries-old Al Nejashi Mosque and the Orthodox Christian of Saint Emmanuel in Wukro that were damaged in December 2020 during the Tigray conflict in the Tigray conflict. *6 January **Major General Belay Seyoum admits that troops from the Eritrean Army entered Tigray Region in December 2020. **An Italian company apologizes for naming a type of pasta "Abissine," reminiscent of the colonial-era fascist name for Ethiopia. *9 January – at least 750 people are killed in an Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo church in Tigray. Locals blame r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2016–2018 Ethiopian State Of Emergency
A state of emergency was declared on 9 October 2016 by Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn, after ''de facto'' taking effect the previous day. The state of emergency authorized the military to enforce security nationwide. It imposed restrictions on freedom of speech and access to information. The duration was initially announced for six months. The Constitution of Ethiopia provides for a six-month state of emergency under certain conditions. The declaration of the state of emergency followed massive protests by the Oromo and Amhara ethnic groups against the government, which was dominated by the Tigray People's Liberation Front, largely consisting of Tigrayans, a smaller ethnic group. The 2016 state of emergency was the first in about 25 years in Ethiopia. In March 2017, Ethiopia's parliament voted to extend the state of emergency for another four months. Historical background After the downfall of Mengistu Haile Mariam's military regime in 1991, the Ethiopian People ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timeline Of The Tigray War (July 2021–present)
This Timeline of the Tigray War (July 2021 to present) is part of a chronology of the military engagements of the Tigray War, a civil war that began in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia in early November 2020. Timeline Beginning through June 2020 July 2021 1 July A bridge across the Tekezé River was partly destroyed. 2 July Around 7000 captured Ethiopian soldiers passed through Mekelle, on the way to a prison north of the city. 6 July The Tigrayan government began mobilization to retake western Tigray from Amhara militias. 10 July Fiyelwiha battle. A large group of Amhara militia from Wereta and the surrounding Fogera district had been occupying the Dima district in Tigray. On 10 July, they were defeated by the Tigray Defence Forces (TDF); several Wereta militiamen, including the head of the Peace and Security Bureau of the Fogera woreda were killed on the battlefield in Fiyelwiha, a small town of the Dima district.The Reporter, 17 July 2021EHRC calls for civi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization, headquartered in New York City, that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. The group pressures governments, policy makers, companies, and individual human rights abusers to denounce abuse and respect human rights, and the group often works on behalf of refugees, children, migrants, and political prisoners. Human Rights Watch, in 1997, shared the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions. The organization's annual expenses totaled $50.6 million in 2011, $69.2 million in 2014, and $75.5 million in 2017. History Human Rights Watch was co-founded by Robert L. Bernstein Jeri Laber and Aryeh Neier as a private American NGO in 1978, under the name Helsinki Watch, to monitor the then-Soviet Union's compliance with the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki Watch adopted a practice of public ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oromo Conflict (2021)
The OLA insurgency is an armed conflict between the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), which Oromo Liberation Front#Peace and split of Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) from OLF, split from the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) in 2018, and the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF), continuing in the context of the long-term Oromo conflict, typically dated to have started with the formation of the Oromo Liberation Front in 1973. Background The Oromo conflict dates back to at least the formation of the Oromo Liberation Front in 1973, evolving from the Bale revolt, Bale Revolt that started in the 1960s in response to perceived injustices by the groups in power against Oromo people. In August 2018, the OLF made peace settlements with the Ethiopian government, along with several other groups, including the Ogaden National Liberation Front and Ginbot 7. The OLF leadership agreed to disarm its soldiers within 15 days of their arrival in Addis Ababa. According to then-OLF leader Ibsa Negewo, the OLF ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oromo Liberation Army
The Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; , WBO) is an armed opposition group active in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. The OLA consist primarily of former armed members of the pre-peace deal OLF who refused to disarm out of skepticism of the peace deal, and former youth protestors who grew disillusioned with nonviolent resistance. The Ethiopian government now considers the OLF to be a legal political party but the OLA to be a terrorist group, though the OLA is accused of continuing to act as the armed wing of the OLF. In 2021, the group announced it had established a political wing and would adopt ''Oromo Liberation Front-Oromo Liberation Army (OLF-OLA)'' (Oromo: Adda Bilisummaa Oromoo-Waraana Bilisummaa Oromoo, ABO-WBO) as its official name. The Ethiopian government refuses to call the OLA by its chosen name, instead referring to it as Shene (), or OLF-Shene. Origin The Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) was formed in 1974, evolving from Oromo insurgencies starting in the 1960s in response t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Addis Ababa
Addis Ababa (; am, አዲስ አበባ, , new flower ; also known as , lit. "natural spring" in Oromo), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It is also served as major administrative center of the Oromia Region. In the 2007 census, the city's population was estimated to be 2,739,551 inhabitants. Addis Ababa is a highly developed and important cultural, artistic, financial and administrative centre of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa was portrayed in the 15th century as a fortified location called "Barara" that housed the emperors of Ethiopia at the time. Prior to Emperor Dawit II, Barara was completely destroyed during the Ethiopian–Adal War and Oromo expansions. The founding history of Addis Ababa dates back in late 19th-century by Menelik II, Negus of Shewa, in 1886 after finding Mount Entoto unpleasant two years prior. At the time, the city was a resort town; its large mineral spring abundance attracted nobilities of the empire, led them to establish permanent settlement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TDF–OLA Joint Offensive
The TDF–OLA joint offensive was a series of military battles starting in late October 2021 opposing a coalition of the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) and Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) against the Ethiopian National Defense Forces (ENDF) in the context of the Tigray War and the OLA insurgency. The TDF and OLA took control of several towns south of Tigray Region in the direction of the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa in late October and early November. Claims of war crimes included that of the TDF extrajudicially executing 100 youths in Kombolcha, according to federal authorities. Background The Tigray War started with the 4 November 2020 Northern Command attacks by Tigray Special Forces against the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) Northern Command, and continued with the ENDF, Amhara Region special forces and Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) fighting against Tigrayan forces. All forces carried out numerous war crimes in addition to military battles. By early October 2021, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kombolcha
Kombolcha () is a town and district in north-central Ethiopia. Located in the Debub Wollo Zone of the Amhara Region, it has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation between 1842 and 1915 meters above sea level. Some guide books describe Kombolcha as the twin town of Dessie which lies some to the northwest. History Origins Tadesse Tamrat records that archeologists discovered "some remains of Christian settlements", dated to the late first millennium of the current era. 19th century When the missionary Johann Ludwig Krapf was led as a prisoner from Adare Bille's capital to the Teledere House in April 1843 he had passed through Kombolcha, which he described as a village near the source of the Borkana River. 20th century Kombolcha was described during the Italian occupation as having postal and telephone service, a clinic, a general store, a barrack village of the A.A.S.S., as well as other improvements intended for Italians. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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