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2021 Colombian Protests
A series of protests began in Colombia on 28 April 2021 against increased taxes, corruption, and health care reform proposed by the government of President Iván Duque Márquez. The tax initiative was introduced to expand funding to Ingreso Solidario, a universal basic income social program established in April 2020 to provide relief during the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia, while the legislative Bill 010 proposed several changes in the health care system in Colombia. Although the courts had anticipated the protests would be widespread, having annulled all existing permits out of fear of further spread of COVID-19, the protests began in earnest anyway on 28 April 2021. In large cities such as Bogotá and Cali, thousands to tens of thousands of protesters took to the streets, in some cases clashing with authorities, resulting in at least six deaths. Protests continued to grow over the coming days, and amidst promises by the president to rework his tax plan, they culminated into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protests Over Responses To The COVID-19 Pandemic
Protests, demonstrations and strikes are ongoing around the world against national responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by governmental bodies. Some protest against governmental failure to stem the spread of the virus effectively, while others are driven by the financial hardship resulting from government measures to contain the virus, including restrictions on travel and entertainment, hitting related industries and casual workers hard. Protests have also occurred in opposition to restrictions on people's movements, compulsory wearing of face masks, lockdowns, vaccinations and other measures. Some protests are driven by COVID-19 misinformation, conspiracy theories, far-right and other extremist groups and individuals. This article lists and summarizes such activities in various countries around the world. Background Reasons In order to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV2 virus which gave rise to the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019, governments brought in health measures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2019–2020 Colombian Protests
The 2019–2020 Colombian protests were a collection of protests that began on 21 November 2019. Hundreds of thousands of Colombians demonstrated for various reasons. Some protested against income inequality, corruption, police brutality and various proposed economic and political reforms proposed by the government of Iván Duque Márquez, others against the few violent protestors and in favor of the Colombian peace process. While mostly peaceful in nature, a few violent incidents took place throughout the protests, leading to overnight curfews in Cali and Bogotá. It is "one of the largest mass demonstrations Colombia has witnessed in recent years". The second phase of the protests, which started on 10 September 2020, were more violent and resulted in 17 deaths. Background Corruption According to 2018 Corruption Perception Index data released by Transparency International to measure public sector corruption in 180 countries and territories, giving each a score from zero (high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escudo Ejercito Nacional De Colombia
The escudo (Portuguese: 'shield') is a unit of currency historically used in Portugal and its colonies in South America, Asia, and Africa. It was originally worth 16 silver . The Cape Verdean escudo and the former Portuguese escudo (PTE), each subdivided into 100 , are named after the historical currency. Its symbol is the , a letter S with two vertical bars superimposed used between the units and the subdivision (for example, ). Other currencies named "escudo" Circulating * Cape Verdean escudo Obsolete * Angolan escudo * Chilean escudo * French écu *Mozambican escudo *Portuguese escudo * Portuguese Guinean escudo *Portuguese Indian escudo *Portuguese Timorese escudo *São Tomé and Príncipe escudo The escudo was the currency of São Tomé and Príncipe between 1914 and 1977. It was equivalent to the Portuguese escudo and subdivided into 100 centavos. History The escudo replaced the real Real may refer to: Currencies * Brazilian real ... * Spanish escudo Referen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Colombia
The Government of Colombia is a republic with separation of powers into executive, judicial and legislative branches. Its legislature has a congress, its judiciary has a supreme court, and its executive branch has a president. The citizens of Colombia cast votes concerning their government, and they employ a ''public'' sector office for an inspector general to oversee the public interface of the government. This safeguards the public, and guarantees the human rights spelled out in the '' Constitution of 1991'', which provides the framework for a welfare state and a unitary republic. Colombia has "control institutions" that mix government and public officials, who work alongside one another. For example, the public's inspector general works closely with the government's controller general, whose job it is to ensure governmental fiscal responsibility. An independent Ombudsman deals with maladministration complaints and functions. Executive The executive branch of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Union Of Workers
The Central Union of Workers (CUT; es, Central Unitaria de Trabajadores) is a Leftist trade union center in Colombia. It was formed in 1986, and is the country's largest union federation, with 546,000 members.American Center for International Labor Solidarity (2006)Justice For All: The Struggle for Worker Rights in Colombia, p11 ICTUR reports that nearly 800 members of CUT were murdered between 1987 and 1992. In 2000 a past president of CUT, Luis Eduardo Garzón was awarded the AFL–CIO The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO) is the largest federation of unions in the United States. It is made up of 56 national and international unions, together representing more than 12 million ac ... human rights award.* References Trade unions in Colombia Trade unions established in 1986 1986 establishments in Colombia {{SouthAm-trade-union-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Copa América
The 2021 Copa América was the 47th edition of the Copa América, the international men's football championship organised by South America's football ruling body CONMEBOL. The tournament took place in Brazil from 13 June to 10 July 2021. The tournament was originally scheduled to take place from 12 June to 12 July 2020 in Argentina and Colombia as the 2020 Copa América. On 17 March 2020, CONMEBOL announced that due to the COVID-19 pandemic in South America, the tournament had been postponed for a year, in conjunction with UEFA's decision to also postpone UEFA Euro 2020 to 2021. This was the first time since 1991 where no guest nation took part in the tournament. On 20 May 2021, Colombia was removed as co-host amid ongoing protests against President Iván Duque Márquez, and Argentina was then removed on 30 May due to COVID-19 issues. The following day CONMEBOL confirmed Brazil as the new host of the tournament. Hosts Brazil were the title holders, having won their ninth tit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alberto Carrasquilla Barrera
Alberto Carrasquilla Barrera (born April 24, 1959) is a Colombian politician who served as the Minister of Finance and Public Credit under the government of President Iván Duque, and previously under President Álvaro Uribe. In May 2021 he resigned office over the protests surrounding a controversial tax reform in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic. Education Carrasquilla studied economics at the University of Los Andes in Bogotá and has a doctorate from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Career *Technical Manager of the Bank of the Republic *Economist, Research leader for the Inter-American Development Bank. *Dean of the Economics Department at the University of the Andes. *Colombian Viceminister of Finance in 2002. *Was elected President of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund Development Committee in 2005. *elected President of the Andean Fomenting Corporation Directorate since 2006. *(Inactive) member of the Latin American Financial Affairs Com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claudia Blum
Claudia Blum Capurro (born 9 August 1948) is a Colombian psychologist and politician who served as foreign minister. A veteran Senator, she became the first woman to serve as President of the Senate of Colombia. She also served as the 26th Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations. Background Claudia was born in Cali, Colombia on 9 August 1948 to Harold Blum Mejía and Liliam Capurro Borrero. She first went to school in Cali to the prestigious bilingual school ''Colegio Colombo Británico'' until her family moved to Boston, United States, where she finished her high school education. She returned to Colombia to study Psychology at the University of Valle and moved on to obtain her Masters in Political Studies from the Pontifical Xavierian University. She has also carried out advanced studies in negotiation and conflict resolution at the Harvard Law School. She grew up in a Conservative leaning household but she briefly flirted with the Left as she becam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riots
A riot is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property, or people. Riots typically involve destruction of property, public or private. The property targeted varies depending on the riot and the inclinations of those involved. Targets can include shops, cars, restaurants, state-owned institutions, and religious buildings. Riots often occur in reaction to a grievance or out of dissent. Historically, riots have occurred due to poverty, unemployment, poor living conditions, governmental oppression, taxation or conscription, conflicts between ethnic groups (race riot) or religions ( sectarian violence, pogrom), the outcome of a sporting event ( sports riot, football hooliganism) or frustration with legal channels through which to air grievances. While individuals may attempt to lead or control a riot, riots typically consist of disorganized groups that are frequently "chaotic and exhibit he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Online Activism
Internet activism is the use of electronic communication technologies such as social media, e-mail, and podcasts for various forms of activism to enable faster and more effective communication by citizen movements, the delivery of particular information to large and specific audiences as well as coordination. Internet technologies are used for cause-related fundraising, community building, lobbying, and organizing. A digital activism campaign is "an organized public effort, making collective claims on a target authority, in which civic initiators or supporters use digital media." Research has started to address specifically how activist/advocacy groups in the U.S. and Canada are using social media to achieve digital activism objectives. Types Within online activism Sandor Vegh distinguished three principal categories: active/reactive, mobilizing and awareness raising-based. There are other ways of classifying Internet activism, such as by the degree of reliance on the Internet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Resistance
Civil resistance is political action that relies on the use of nonviolent resistance by ordinary people to challenge a particular power, force, policy or regime. Civil resistance operates through appeals to the adversary, pressure and coercion: it can involve systematic attempts to undermine or expose the adversary's sources of power (or pillars of support, such as police, military, clergy, business elite, etc.). Forms of action have included demonstrations, vigils and petitions; strikes, go-slows, boycotts and emigration movements; and sit-ins, occupations, constructive program, and the creation of parallel institutions of government. Some civil resistance movements' motivations for avoiding violence are generally related to context, including a society's values and its experience of war and violence, rather than to any absolute ethical principle. Civil resistance cases can be found throughout history and in many modern struggles, against both tyrannical rulers and democratically ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Disobedience
Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders or commands of a government (or any other authority). By some definitions, civil disobedience has to be nonviolent to be called "civil". Hence, civil disobedience is sometimes equated with peaceful protests or nonviolent resistance. Henry David Thoreau's essay ''Resistance to Civil Government'', published posthumously as '' Civil Disobedience'', popularized the term in the US, although the concept itself has been practiced longer before. It has inspired leaders such as Susan B. Anthony of the U.S. women's suffrage movement in the late 1800s, Saad Zaghloul in the 1910s culminating in Egyptian Revolution of 1919 against British Occupation, and Mahatma Gandhi in 1920s India in their protests for Indian independence against the British Empire. Martin Luther King Jr.'s and James Bevel's peaceful protests during the civil rights movement in the 1960s United States cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
