|
2019–2022 Chilean Protests
The 2019–2022 Chilean protests, known in Chile as the ''Estallido Social'' (lit. ''social outburst''), are a series of massive demonstrations and severe riots that originated in Santiago and spread to all regions of Chile, with a greater impact in the main cities, such as Greater Valparaíso, Greater Concepción, Greater La Serena, Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta, Rancagua, Chillán, Temuco, Valdivia, Osorno, Puerto Montt and Punta Arenas, developed mainly between October 2019 and March 2020. Civil protests took place throughout Chile in response to a raise in the Santiago Metro's subway fare, a probity crisis, cost of living, university graduate unemployment, privatisation and inequality prevalent in the country. The protests began in Chile's capital, Santiago, as a coordinated fare evasion campaign by secondary school students which led to spontaneous takeovers of the city's main train stations and open confrontations with the ''Carabineros de Chile'' (the national police force). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Transport
Public transport (also known as public transportation, public transit, mass transit, or simply transit) is a system of transport for passengers by group travel systems available for use by the general public unlike private transport, typically managed on a schedule, operated on established routes, and that charge a posted fee for each trip. There is no rigid definition; the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' specifies that public transportation is within urban areas, and air travel is often not thought of when discussing public transport—dictionaries use wording like "buses, trains, etc." Examples of public transport include Public transport bus service, city buses, trolleybuses, trams (or light rail) and Passenger rail transport, passenger trains, rapid transit (metro/subway/underground, etc.) and ferry, ferries. Public transport between cities is dominated by airlines, intercity bus service, coaches, and intercity rail. High-speed rail networks are being developed in many parts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Of Emergency
A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to be able to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare such a state during a natural disaster, civil unrest, armed conflict, medical pandemic or epidemic or other biosecurity risk. ''Justitium'' is its equivalent in Roman law—a concept in which the Roman Senate could put forward a final decree (''senatus consultum ultimum'') that was not subject to dispute yet helped save lives in times of strife. Relationship with international law Under international law, rights and freedoms may be suspended during a state of emergency, depending on the severity of the emergency and a government's policies. Use and viewpoints Though fairly uncommon in democracies, dictatorship, dictatorial regimes often declare a state of emergency that is prolonged indefinitely for the life of the regime, or for extended periods of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Mostrador
El Mostrador is a Chilean online newspaper, founded on 1 March 2000. Its current president is Germán Olmedo Acedvedo and its director is Federico Joannon Errázuriz. History ''El Mostrador'' was launched on 1 March 2000 and is Chile's first exclusively digital newspaper. On 20 November 2001, part of its journalistic content was paywalled, but in 2007 it was reopened, completely free of charge. As of 2012, its historical databases are also free and open access. On 25 May 2010 the newspaper launched an online television channel, «El Mostrador TV», that was transmitted for a digital television signal on channels 24, 26, 27, 28, 30 and 33 within the ring of Américo Vespucio Avenue in Santiago. Organization ''El Mostrador'' it is an ideology Pluralist journal owned by La Plaza S.A. Its president is Germán Olmedo Acevedo, while its vice president is Federico Joannon Errázuriz. The journalistic director is Héctor Cossio López and the deputy director is Iván Weissman. Content T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anarchism In Chile
The anarchist movement in Chile emerged from European immigrants, followers of Mikhail Bakunin affiliated with the International Workingmen's Association, who contacted Manuel Chinchilla, a Spaniard living in Iquique. Their influence could be perceived at first within the labour unions of typographers, painters, builders and sailors. During the first decades of the 20th century, anarchism had a significant influence on the labour movement and intellectual circles of Chile. Some of the most prominent Chilean anarchists were: the poet Carlos Pezoa Véliz, the professor Dr Juan Gandulfo, the syndicalist workers Luis Olea, Magno Espinoza, Alejandro Escobar y Carballo, Ángela Muñoz Arancibia, Juan Chamorro, Armando Triviño and Ernesto Miranda, the teacher Flora Sanhueza, and the writers José Domingo Gómez Rojas, Fernando Santiván, José Santos González Vera and Manuel Rojas. At the moment, anarchist groups are experiencing a comeback in Chile through various student colle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primera Línea
''Primera Línea'' (lit. ''First line'' or ''Frontline'') is the name for a loose collective of protesters dedicated to physically confronting Chilean riot police, that is, through acts of civil disobedience, in the context of the 2019–2022 Chilean protests. In the words of a member "it's about contesting tatepower". The ''Primera Línea'' is made up of an assortment of individual citizens and grassroots organizations called "clans", lacking central authority. A wide range of sympathetic organizations support ''Primera Línea'' providing them with aid, food and legal advice. Members are of diverse backgrounds, including laborers, immigrants, university students and sports fans. In addition, 16 hooded minors identified as part of this strike force have been detained. They have subsequently been placed at the disposal of the National Service for Minors (Sename). Description Members of ''Primera Línea'' tend to assume distinct roles, such as shield-bearers, stone-throwers, tea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Investigations Police Of Chile
Investigations Police of Chile (, PDI) are the civilian police of Chile. Founded in 1933, it is one of two Chilean police bodies, along with the law enforcement police: Carabineros de Chile. The PDI is the principal law enforcement arm of the Public Ministry of Chile in criminal investigation. History 19th century The first reference to police work in Chile is in the Police Regulation of 1803, where the terms "high police" and "public security" are used.Roberto Hernández Ponce; Jule Salazar González. "De la Policía Secreta a la Policía Científica" (2006, Santiago de Chile) Then, in 1830, the ''Vigilantes'' and ''Serenos Corps'' of Santiago were created, whose work was followed throughout the country. In 1852 the ''Brigada de Policía'' was created in Santiago, where the ''Vigilantes'' and ''Serenos Corps'' were merged. In the 1870s , the mayor of the city of Santiago, Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna proposed modelling the ''Brigada de Policía'' on the ''Agent de la Sûrete'' in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grupo De Operaciones Policiales Especiales
The Grupo de Operaciones Policiales Especiales (GOPE) ( en, Special Police Operations Group) is the police tactical unit of Carabineros de Chile which carries out high-risk police operations throughout the country, including bomb disposal, location and tracking of bombs and explosives, rescuing people or bodies from places of difficult access, anti-crime raids, and clashes. GOPE is a special force of military uniformed police, as stipulated in the Constitutional Act of Carabineros. History GOPE was created on 7 June 1979 with the aim of acting as a complementary force to police troops across the country, and respond to the various situations that occurred in the country during that time period. Its trajectory demonstrates the professionalism of its crew, made up of highly trained policemen to counter the most dangerous criminal activities. Its tasks are supported by the Special Action Patrols (''PAES''), which perform tasks of shelter and protection of citizens. Jurisdiction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carabineros De Chile
( en, Carabiniers of Chile) are the Chilean national law enforcement police, who have jurisdiction over the entire national territory of the Republic of Chile. Created in 1927, their mission is to maintain order and enforce the laws of Chile. They reported to the Ministry of National Defense through the Undersecretary of Carabineros until 2011 when the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security (Chile), Ministry of the Interior and Public Security gained full control over them. They are in practice separated fully from the three other military branches by department but still are considered part of the armed forces. Chile also has an investigative police force, the Investigations Police of Chile, also under the Interior and Public Security Ministry; a Maritime Police also exists for patrol of Chile's coastline. History The origins of the Carabiniers can be traced back to night watchmen such as the (Queen's Dragoons) (created in 1758 and later renamed the Dragoons of Chile in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chilean Armed Forces
The Chilean Armed Forces ( es, Fuerzas Armadas de Chile) is the unified military organization comprising the Chilean Army, Air Force, and Navy. The President of Chile is the commander-in-chief of the military, and formulates policy through the Minister of Defence. In recent years and after several major reequipment programs, the Chilean Armed Forces have become one of the most technologically advanced and professional armed forces in Latin America. The Chilean Army is mostly supplied with equipment from Germany, the United States, Brazil, Israel, France, and Spain. Structure Army The current commander-in-chief of the Chilean Army is ''General de Ejército'' Sr. Javier Iturriaga del Campo. The 46,350-person army is organized under six military administrative regions and six divisional headquarters. The forces include one special forces brigade, four armoured brigades, one armoured detachment, three motorized brigades, two motorized detachments, four mountain detachments and one a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Chile
Chile's government is a representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Chile is both head of state and head of government, and of a formal multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the president and by their cabinet. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the National Congress. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature of Chile. The Constitution of Chile was approved in a national plebiscite in September 1980, under the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. It entered into force in March 1981. After Pinochet left power in 1990, saying this country was ready to keep going along with a plebiscite, the Constitution was amended to ease provisions for future amendments to the Constitution. In September 2006, President Ricardo Lagos signed into law several constitutional amendments passed by Congress. These include eliminating the positions of appointed senators and senators for life, granting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2020 Chilean National Plebiscite
The 2020 Chilean national plebiscite was held in Chile on 25 October 2020. The referendum asked whether a new constitution should be drafted, and whether it should be drafted by a constitutional convention, made up by members elected directly for this convention, or by a mixed constitutional convention, made up in halves by currently-sitting members of Parliament and directly elected citizens. The "Approve" side won by a landslide, with 78% agreeing to draft a new constitution. On how the new text should be written, 79% opted for a "Constitutional Convention". Voter turnout was 51%. A second vote, which was held alongside municipal and gubernatorial elections between 15 and 16 May 2021, elected the members of the Constitutional Convention. A third vote held on 4 September 2022 resulted in the rejection of the new draft constitution. The plebiscite was held as a response to the 2019 Chilean protests, specifically after the so-called " biggest march of Chile" held on 25 Octobe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Economy, Development And Tourism (Chile)
The Ministry for the Economy, Development, and Tourism ( es, links=no, Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo de Chile) is a Chilean state ministry in charge of planning and executing the flow of policies and projects of the Chilean government. The ministry aims to generate feasible and sustainable economic development, with stable progressive equality in the allocation of economic interests. The current Minister of Economy, Development, and Tourism is Nicolás Grau. History The groundwork for the ministry were established in the 1930s—a period that saw the creation of the Subsecretary of Commerce that was dependent on the Ministry of Foreign Relations of that era. But the actual ministry itself was realized in October 1941 as Ministry of Commerce and Supply, and by 1942 it was ratified as the Ministry of Economy and Commerce. Subsequently, it was renamed to Ministry of Economy (1953–1960), and hitherto the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Reconstruction. Str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Carabineros De Chile")
