|
2015 Republic Of The Congo Constitutional Referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in the Republic of the Congo on 25 October 2015 regarding a proposal to change the constitution, primarily to modify the rules regarding presidential terms. Background After Denis Sassou Nguesso returned to power in the 1997 civil war, a new constitution was approved in the January 2002 constitutional referendum. The 2002 constitution provided for a strong executive presidency, without a prime minister, and weakened the legislature; the length of presidential terms was increased to seven years (with a limit of two terms),"Congo approves new constitution" BBC News, 24 January 2002.John F. Clark, "Petroleum revenues and political development in the Congo Republic: the democratic experiment and beyond", in ''Resource Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa'' (2005), Institute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of The Congo
The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo, ln, Republíki ya Kongó), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the west of the Congo river. It is bordered to the west by Gabon, to its northwest by Cameroon and its northeast by the Central African Republic, to the southeast by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to its south by the Angolan exclave of Cabinda and to its southwest by the Atlantic Ocean. The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes at least 3,000 years ago, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. The Republic of the Congo was established on 28 November 1958 and gained independence from France in 1960. It was a Marxist–Leninist state from 1969 to 1992, under the name People's Republic of the Congo. The country has had multi-party elections sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul-Marie Mpouele
Paul-Marie is a French masculine given name, and may refer to: * Paul-Marie Boulanger (born 1950), Belgian sociologist * Paul-Marie Coûteaux (born 1956), French politician * Paul-Marie Delaunay (1878–1958), French physician and historian * Paul-Marie Gamory-Dubourdeau (1889–1963), French military officer and collaborator with Nazi Germany * Paul-Marie Masson (1882–1954), French musicologist, music teacher and composer * Paul-Marie de Peyerimhoff de Fontenelle (1873–1957), French naturalist, botanist, entomologist and zoologist * Paul-Marie Pons (1904–1966), French naval engineer and civil servant * Paul-Marie Reynaud (1854–1926), French Roman Catholic bishop and missionary in China * Paul-Marie François Rousset (1921–2016), French prelate of the Roman Catholic Church * Paul Marie Verlaine (1844–1896), French poet * Paul-Marie Yembit Paul-Marie Yembit (22 December 1917 – 21 January 1978) was the first vice president of Gabon under Léon M'ba. A member of the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Referendums In The Republic Of The Congo
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a ''written constitution''; if they are encompassed in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a ''codified constitution''. The Constitution of the United Kingdom is a notable example of an ''uncodified constitution''; it is instead written in numerous fundamental Acts of a legislature, court cases or treaties. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign countries to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty which establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referendums In The Republic Of The Congo
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a new policy or specific law, or the referendum may be only advisory. In some countries, it is synonymous with or commonly known by other names including plebiscite, votation, popular consultation, ballot question, ballot measure, or proposition. Some definitions of 'plebiscite' suggest it is a type of vote to change the constitution or government of a country. The word, 'referendum' is often a catchall, used for both legislative referrals and initiatives. Etymology 'Referendum' is the gerundive form of the Latin verb , literally "to carry back" (from the verb , "to bear, bring, carry" plus the inseparable prefix , here meaning "back"Marchant & Charles, Cassell's Latin Dictionary, 1928, p. 469.). As a gerundive is an adjective,A gerundiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Assembly (Republic Of The Congo)
The National Assembly (french: Assemblée nationale) is the lower house of the bicameralism, bicameral Parliament of the Republic of the Congo. It has 151 members, elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituency, constituencies. Colonial elections *1946–1947 Moyen-Congo Representative Council election, 1946–47 *1952 Moyen-Congo Territorial Assembly election, 1952 *1957 Moyen-Congo Territorial Assembly election, 1957 Post-colonial elections *1959 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election, 1959 *1963 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election, 1963 *1973 People's Republic of the Congo parliamentary election, 1973 *1979 People's Republic of the Congo parliamentary election, 1979 *1984 People's Republic of the Congo parliamentary election, 1984 *1989 People's Republic of the Congo parliamentary election, 1989 *1992 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election, 1992 *1993 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election, 1993 *2002 Republic of the Congo parliamentary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pan-African Union For Social Democracy
The Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (french: Union panafricaine pour la démocratie sociale, UPADS) is a political party in the Republic of the Congo headed by Pascal Lissouba, who was President from 1992 to 1997. It has been the country's main opposition party since Lissouba's ouster in 1997. Pascal Tsaty-Mabiala has been Secretary-General of UPADS since 2006. History In the 1991–1992 transition to multiparty elections, UPADS was part of the National Alliance for Democracy (AND), which also included the Congolese Labour Party (PCT).John F. Clark, "Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate", in ''Political Reform in Francophone Africa'' (1997), ed. John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, pages 71–72. In the parliamentary election held in June–July 1992, UPADS won 39 out of the 125 seats [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pascal Tsaty Mabiala
Pascal Tsaty Mabiala is a Congolese politician who has been the Secretary-General of the Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (UPADS) since 2006, as well as President of the UPADS Parliamentary Group since 2007. He stood as the UPADS candidate in the 2016 presidential election. Political career In the June–July 1992 parliamentary election, Tsaty Mabiala was elected to the National Assembly as a UPADS candidate. After the election, the Congolese Labour Party (PCT) formed an alliance with the Union for Democratic Renewal (URD), and together the two held a parliamentary majority. On 24 September 1992, the National Assembly, controlled by the URD–PCT alliance, elected its Bureau; UPADS, as part of the parliamentary opposition, received two secondary posts in the seven-member Bureau, one of which went to Tsaty Mabiala, who was elected as Second Secretary of the National Assembly. Acting on behalf of UPADS, Tsaty Mabiala signed the Code of Good Conduct between political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congolese Movement For Democracy And Integral Development
The Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development (french: Mouvement congolais pour la démocratie et le développement intégral; MCDDI) is a liberal political party in the Republic of the Congo, led by Bernard Kolélas until his death in 2009. His son, Guy Brice Parfait Kolélas, has led the party since then until his death in 2021. The MCDDI is an observer party of Liberal International. History The party was co-founded by Kolélas and renowned novelist and writer Sony Lab'ou Tansi; its statutes were deposited at the Ministry of the Interior on 3 August 1989. Kolélas was the MCDDI's candidate in the August 1992 presidential election, in which he placed second behind Pascal Lissouba of the Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (UPADS). Didier Sengha, an MCDDI deputy in the National Assembly, left the MCDDI in April 1995John F. Clark, "Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate", in ''Political Reform in Francophone Africa'' (1997), ed. John F. Clark an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guy Brice Parfait Kolélas
Guy Brice Parfait Kolélas (6 August 1959Roger Ngombé"Portrait de Guy Brice Parfait Kolélas, nouveau ministre de la Pêche maritime et continentale, chargé de l'aquaculture" '' Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 7 January 2008 . – 22 March 2021) was a Congolese politician. Following the death of his father, Bernard Kolélas, he succeeded him as Interim President of the Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development (MCDDI), one of Congo-Brazzaville's main political parties, in 2010. He served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Marine and Inland Fishing from 2007 to 2009 and as Minister of the Civil Service from 2009 to 2015. After placing a distant second in the 2016 parliamentary election, he founded a new party, the Union of Humanist Democrats-Yuki, in 2017. Early life and education Kolélas was born in Brazzaville in 1959; his parents were Bernard Kolélas and his wife Jacqueline. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Marie Mpouele 2019
Paul may refer to: *Paul (given name), a given name (includes a list of people with that name) * Paul (surname), a list of people People Christianity *Paul the Apostle (AD c.5–c.64/65), also known as Saul of Tarsus or Saint Paul, early Christian missionary and writer *Pope Paul (other), multiple Popes of the Roman Catholic Church *Saint Paul (other), multiple other people and locations named "Saint Paul" Roman and Byzantine empire *Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus (c. 229 BC – 160 BC), Roman general *Julius Paulus Prudentissimus (), Roman jurist *Paulus Catena (died 362), Roman notary *Paulus Alexandrinus (4th century), Hellenistic astrologer *Paul of Aegina or Paulus Aegineta (625–690), Greek surgeon Royals *Paul I of Russia (1754–1801), Tsar of Russia * Paul of Greece (1901–1964), King of Greece Other people *Paul the Deacon or Paulus Diaconus (c. 720 – c. 799), Italian Benedictine monk *Paul (father of Maurice), the father of Maurice, Byz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denis Sassou Nguesso
Denis Sassou Nguesso (born 23 November 1943) is a Congolese politician and former military officer. He became president of the Republic of the Congo in 1997. He served a previous term as president from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as president, he headed the Congolese Party of Labour (PCT) for 12 years. He introduced multiparty politics in 1990, but was stripped of executive powers by the 1991 National Conference, remaining in office as a ceremonial head of state. He stood as a candidate in the 1992 presidential election but placed third. Sassou Nguesso was an opposition leader for five years before returning to power during the Second Republic of the Congo Civil War, in which his rebel forces ousted President Pascal Lissouba. Following a transitional period, he won the 2002 presidential election, which involved low opposition participation. He was re-elected in the 2009 presidential election. The introduction of a new constitution, passed by referendum in 2015 amid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.svg "Click for more on -> Republic Of The Congo")
