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2012 Armenian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Armenia on 6 May 2012. President Serzh Sargsyan's ruling Republican Party gained more majority of the parliament seats. Armenia's wealthiest man Gagik Tsarukyan's Prosperous Armenia came second with about one fourth of the seats, while ANC, ARF, Rule of Law and Heritage won less than 10 percent each. Background In 2011, Armenia faced unprecedented opposition protests over the disputed 2008 presidential election, amongst other issues. Since then changes welcomed by the EU have been made, who stated that "the next parliamentary and presidential elections will be an important benchmark in Armenia reform's path." Electoral system and controversy over it Out of a total of 131 seats in the National Assembly, 90 are distributed between parties using a proportional system, while the other 41 are elected from constituencies by a majoritarian voting system. The election threshold is 5% for parties and 7% for alliances, in this case the only allian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2007 Armenian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Armenia on 12 May 2007. 1,364 candidates ran for the 131 seats, 41 of which were constituency seats with the remaining 90 being filled by a proportional party-list system. The electoral threshold was five per cent. Results The BBC reported a turnout of over 60%. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe judged the elections to have "demonstrated improvement" over previous parliamentary elections, but said "the stated intention by the Armenian authorities to conduct an election in line with OSCE commitments and international standards was not fully realized." Critics and opposition politicians had announced their fears that the polls would not be democratic, despite officials' reassurances that the changes to the voting laws would ensure a more democratic election than the greatly criticised 2003 one. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rule Of Law (Armenia)
Orinats Yerkir ( hy, Օրինաց երկիր, lit=Rule of Law, ՕԵԿ/OEK) is a political party operating in Armenia. Its foundation was in 1998, and founder Artur Baghdasaryan continues to lead the party. The party was formerly known as Armenian Renaissance ( hy, Հայկական վերածնունդ, translit=Haykakan veratsnund), during the run-up to the 2017 parliamentary elections. The party's name is translated into English in a number of ways, including Country of Law and Rule of Law. Party history The party participated in elections for the first time during the 1999 Armenian parliamentary election, winning a total of 6 seats in the National Assembly. Following the 2003 elections, the party won 19 seats. Also in 2003, Gagik Aslanyan, the Chairman of the People's Democratic Party, opted to merge his party with Orinats Yerkir. Following the 2007 Armenian parliamentary elections, the party obtained 9 seats in the National Assembly. In the February 2008 presidential elect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral District
An electoral district, also known as an election district, legislative district, voting district, constituency, riding, ward, division, or (election) precinct is a subdivision of a larger state (a country, administrative region, or other polity) created to provide its population with representation in the larger state's legislative body. That body, or the state's constitution or a body established for that purpose, determines each district's boundaries and whether each will be represented by a single member or multiple members. Generally, only voters (''constituents'') who reside within the district are permitted to vote in an election held there. District representatives may be elected by a first-past-the-post system, a proportional representative system, or another voting method. They may be selected by a direct election under universal suffrage, an indirect election, or another form of suffrage. Terminology The names for electoral districts vary across countries and, oc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruben Avagyan
Reuben or Reuven is a Biblical male first name from Hebrew רְאוּבֵן (Re'uven), meaning "behold, a son". In the Bible, Reuben was the firstborn son of Jacob. Variants include Rúben in European Portuguese; Rubens in Brazilian Portuguese; Rubén in Spanish; Rubèn in Catalan; Ruben in Dutch, German, French, Italian, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, and Armenian; and Rupen/Roupen in Western Armenian. The form Ruben can also be a form of the name Robin, itself a variation of the Germanic name Robert in several Celtic languages. It preserves the "u" sound from the name's first component "hruod" (compare Ruairí, the Irish form of Roderick). Mononym * Ruben I, Prince of Armenia (1025/1035 – 1095), the first lord of Armenian Cilicia or "Lord of the Mountains" from 1080/1081/1082 to 1095, founder of Rubenid dynasty * Ruben II, Prince of Armenia (c. 1165 – 1170), the seventh lord of Armenian Cilicia or "Lord of the Mountains" from 1169 to 1170 * Ruben III, Prince of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unified Armenians Party
The Unified Armenians Party ( hy, Միավորված Հայեր կուսակցություն; ''Miavorvats Hayer Kusaksutyun'') is a political party in Armenia. It is led by Ruben Avagyan. History The party nominated Ruben Avagyan as its candidate in the 2003 Armenian presidential election. Avagyan came in sixth place, receiving 0.41% of the vote. The party failed to gain any representation in the National Assembly after the 2012 Armenian parliamentary election, receiving just 0.20% of the popular vote. In 2017, the party formed the "Armenian Renaissance" alliance and merged with Orinats Yerkir, a centrist Pro-European political party. However, the alliance failed to win any seats following the 2017 Armenian parliamentary election, receiving only 3.72% of the popular vote. The alliance dissolved shortly after. The party did not participate in the 2018 Armenian parliamentary election. Ideology The party maintains a centrist, national-patriotic ideology and supports the devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruben Tovmasyan
Ruben Tovmasyan ( hy, Ռուբեն Թովմասյան; February 15, 1937 – March 30, 2019) was the General Secretary of the Armenian Communist Party. Biography In 1977, Tovmasyan graduated from the Armenian State University of Economics The Armenian State University of Economics (ASUE) ( hy, Հայաստանի պետական տնտեսագիտական համալսարան) is a state-owned university of economics in Yerevan, the capital Armenia, founded in 1975. History The facu .... From 1977 to 1989, he was the first secretary of the Orkhanikidze and Shahumian regional committees of the Communist Party of Armenia and the central office of the Communist Party. From 1989 to 1990, he was head of the Refugee Reception and Hosting Department. From 1991 until 1993, Tovmasyan was a member of the Transport and Communication Division of the Council of Ministers of Armenia. From 2000 to 2003, he was Secretary of the CPA Central Committee. In 2003, he was made First Secretary. Tovmas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Communist Party
The Armenian Communist Party ( hy, Հայաստանի կոմունիստական կուսակցություն, ՀԿԿ; ''Hayastani Komunistakan Kusaktsutyun'', HKK) is a communist party in Armenia. It considers itself the successor to the Armenian branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It is the main communist party in Armenia and claimed 18,000 (mostly elderly) members in 2006. HKK publishes ''Hayastani Komunist'' and ''Pravda Armenii''. It should not be confused with the historical Communist Party of Armenia during the Soviet era, nor the Democratic Party of Armenia, a party founded by the last secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia, Aram G. Sargsyan. Leaders The title of the party leader is First Secretary. *1991–1999: Sergey Badalyan *2000–2005: Vladimir Darbinyan *2005–2013: Ruben Tovmasyan *2013–: Tachat Sargsyan Ideology The party was described as "staunchly pro-Russian" by the US-funded Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty in 2002. In a 1994 r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aram Gaspar Sargsyan
Aram Gaspari Sargsyan ( hy, Արամ Գասպարի Սարգսյան; born August 14, 1949, Yerevan, Armenian SSR, Soviet Union) is an Armenian politician, social-democratic activist and former communist. He was the last leader of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. From 1967 to 1972 he studied at Yerevan State Linguistic University, then at Moscow Higher Komsomol School. Sargsyan worked in different factories. In the 1970–80s he was a correspondent for ''Komsomolskaya Pravda'' and ''Pravda'' in Armenia. In 1990 Sargsyan was the secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Armenia. From May 14, 1991 to September 7, 1991, he was the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Armenia. After the dissolution of the communist party, he founded the Democratic Party of Armenia The Democratic Party of Armenia ( hy, Հայաստանի Դեմոկրատական Կուսակցություն, ''Hayastani Demokratakan Kusaktsutyun'') is a d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Party Of Armenia
The Democratic Party of Armenia ( hy, Հայաստանի Դեմոկրատական Կուսակցություն, ''Hayastani Demokratakan Kusaktsutyun'') is a democratic socialist political party in Armenia. It was established in 1991 by Aram Gaspar Sargsyan, the last secretary of the Soviet-era Communist Party of Armenia when the party ruled the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (Armenian SSR) from 1920 until 1990. History Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the Armenian SSR, the ruling Communist Party of Armenia had fallen into great disfavor. Its running secretary, Aram Gaspar Sargsyan, dissolved the party and established the Democratic Party of Armenia, appointing himself as the first secretary of the new party. Meanwhile, Ruben Tovmasyan and some other party members, clearly unfavorable to Sargsyan's move to dissolve the original Communist Party of Armenia, founded a new Armenian Communist Party shortly thereafter. The party participated in the 1999 Arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Election Threshold
The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of the primary vote that a candidate or political party requires to achieve before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can operate in various ways, e.g. in party-list proportional representation systems where an electoral threshold requires that a party must receive a specified minimum percentage of votes (e.g. 5%), either nationally or in a particular electoral district, to obtain seats in the legislature. In Single transferable voting the election threshold is called the quota and not only the first choice but also the next-indicated choices are used to determine whether or not a party passes the electoral threshold (and it is possible to be elected under STV even if a candidate does not pass the election threshold). In MMP systems the election threshold determines which parties are eligible for the top-up seats. The effect of an electoral threshold is to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First-past-the-post Voting
In a first-past-the-post electoral system (FPTP or FPP), formally called single-member plurality voting (SMP) when used in single-member districts or informally choose-one voting in contrast to ranked voting, or score voting, voters cast their vote for a candidate of their choice, and the candidate who receives the most votes wins even if the top candidate gets less than 50%, which can happen when there are more than two popular candidates. As a winner-take-all method, FPTP often produces disproportional results (when electing members of an assembly, such as a parliament) in the sense that political parties do not get representation according to their share of the popular vote. This usually favours the largest party and parties with strong regional support to the detriment of smaller parties without a geographically concentrated base. Supporters of electoral reform are generally highly critical of FPTP because of this and point out other flaws, such as FPTP's vulnerabili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party-list Proportional Representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a subset of proportional representation electoral systems in which multiple candidates are elected (e.g., elections to parliament) through their position on an electoral list. They can also be used as part of mixed-member electoral systems. In these systems, parties make lists of candidates to be elected, and seats are distributed by elections authorities to each party in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may vote for the party, as in Albania, Argentina, Turkey, and Israel; or for candidates whose vote total will pool to the party/parties, as in Finland, Brazil and the Netherlands; or a choice between the last two ways stated: panachage. Voting In most party list systems, a voter may only vote for one party (single choice ballot) with their list vote, although ranked ballots may also be used ( spare vote). Open list systems may allow more than one ''preference votes'' ''within'' a party list (vot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
