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2003 Loya Jirga
A 502-delegate loya jirga convened in Kabul, Afghanistan, on December 14, 2003, to consider the proposed Afghan Constitution. Originally planned to last ten days, the assembly did not endorse the charter until January 4, 2004. As has been generally the case with these assemblies, the endorsement came by way of consensus rather than a vote. Afghanistan's last constitution was drafted for the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in November 1987. Drafting the Constitution The Bonn Agreement of December 2001 required Afghanistan to draft and adopt a new constitution within 2 years. In October 2002, Interim President Hamid Karzai appointed a nine-member Constitutional Drafting Commission, chaired by then Vice-President Nematullah Shahrani. Over the next six months, this body drafted a new constitution, based largely on the 1964 Afghan constitution. The initial draft, written primarily by Abdul Salam Azimi (who would become Chief Justice of Afghanistan's Supreme Court in 2006) was n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loya Jirga
A jirga ( ps, جرګه, ''jərga'') is an assembly of leaders that makes decisions by consensus according to Pashtunwali, the Pashtun social code. It is conducted in order to settle disputes among the Pashtuns, but also by members of other ethnic groups who are influenced by them in present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan. Historically, a ''loya jirga'' or a "great council" has been convened in order to elect a new head of state, approve a new constitution or resolve critical issues. ''Loya jirgas'' have reportedly been organized since the rise to power of the Hotak dynasty in the early 18th century. In July 1747, Afghan chiefs assembled in Kandahar to elect a new king, choosing the 25-year-old Ahmad Shah Durrani, who is credited with founding the modern state of Afghanistan. From 11 to 14 March 2022, the inaugural meeting of the Pashtun National Jirga was held in Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to discuss the critical issues faced by the Pashtuns in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Etymology Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uzbek People
The Uzbeks ( uz, , , , ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to the wider Central Asian region, being among the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Kazakh and Karakalpak minorities, and are also found as a minority group in: Afghanistan, Pakistan Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United States, Ukraine, and other countries. Etymology The origin of the word ''Uzbek'' still remains disputed. One view holds that it is eponymously named after Oghuz Khagan, also known as ''Oghuz Beg'', became the word ''Uzbek''.A. H. Keane, A. Hingston Quiggin, A. C. Haddon, Man: Past and Present, p.312, Cambridge University Press, 2011, Google Books, quoted: "Who take their name from a mythical Uz-beg, Prince Uz (beg in Turki=a chief, or hereditary ruler)." Another theory states that the name means ''independent'', ''genuine man'', o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 In Politics
These are some of the notable events relating to politics in 2003. Events January 1 *January 1: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva takes office as president of Brazil. His cabinet includes Celso Amorim as foreign minister; Antônio Waldez Góes da Silva becomes Governor of Amapá, Carlos Eduardo de Sousa Braga becomes governor of Amazonas, Paulo César Hartung Gomes becomes governor of Espírito Santo, Blairo Borges Maggi becomes governor of Mato Grosso, Simão Robison Oliveira Jatene becomes governor of Pará, Cássio Rodrigues da Cunha Lima becomes governor of Paraíba, Roberto Requião de Mello e Silva becomes governor of Paraná, José Wellington Barroso de Araújo Dias becomes governor of Piauí, Wilma Maria de Faria becomes governor of Rio Grande do Norte, Germano Antônio Rigotto becomes governor of Rio Grande do Sul, Ivo Narciso Cassol becomes governor of Rondônia, and Marcelo de Carvalho Miranda becomes governor of Tocantins. *January 1: Pavel Chernov takes offic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 In Kabul
3 (three) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4, and is the smallest odd prime number and the only prime preceding a square number. It has religious or cultural significance in many societies. Evolution of the Arabic digit The use of three lines to denote the number 3 occurred in many writing systems, including some (like Roman and Chinese numerals) that are still in use. That was also the original representation of 3 in the Brahmic (Indian) numerical notation, its earliest forms aligned vertically. However, during the Gupta Empire the sign was modified by the addition of a curve on each line. The Nāgarī script rotated the lines clockwise, so they appeared horizontally, and ended each line with a short downward stroke on the right. In cursive script, the three strokes were eventually connected to form a glyph resembling a with an additional stroke at the bottom: ३. The Indian digits spread to the Caliphate in the 9th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics Of Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a totalitarian theocracy and emirate in which the Taliban, Taliban Islamic Movement holds a monopoly on power. Dissent is not permitted, and politics are mostly limited to internal Taliban policy debates and power struggles. As the government is provisional government, provisional, there is no constitution or other basis for the rule of law. The structure is autocratic, with all power concentrated in the hands of the Supreme Leader of Afghanistan, supreme leader and his clerical advisors. Afghanistan has been unstable for decades, with frequent coups, civil wars, and violent transfers of power. Most recently, the Taliban 2021 Taliban offensive, seized power in 2021 from the Western-backed Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Islamic Republic, and re-formed the government to implement a far stricter interpretation of Sharia law according to the Hanafi school. History Government operation in Afghanistan historically has consisted of power struggles, coups and unstable t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 In Afghanistan
2003 in Afghanistan. A list of notable incidents in Afghanistan during 2003 Incumbents * President: Hamid Karzai * Vice President: Hedayat Amin Arsala * Vice President: Mohammed Fahim * Vice President: Nematullah Shahrani * Vice President: Karim Khalili * Chief Justice: Faisal Ahmad Shinwari January February March March 1: * The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) announced that 395,752 Afghans had voluntarily returned home from Iran since a UNHCR joint program with Tehran to the effect began on April 9, 2002. (see details of the UNHCR Afghan repatriation programs) * U.S. troops raided the compound of Haji Ghalib, the chief of security for Ghanikhel District of Nangarhar Province, arresting him and two others and seizing heavy weapons. Ghalib's son, Mohammed Shafiq, said the U.S. forces also seized missiles, mortars and a large quantity of anti-tank mines during the arrest. The two people detained along with Ghalib were not identified. * Khalid Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zalmay Khalilzad
Zalmay Mamozy Khalilzad ( ps, ځلمی خلیل زاد, prs, زلمی خلیلزاد; born March 22, 1951) is an Afghan-American diplomat and foreign policy expert. Khalilzad was appointed by President Donald J. Trump to serve as U.S. Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation in September 2018. President Joseph R. Biden asked Khalilzad to continue in this position after the 2020 presidential election. Khalilzad resigned as U.S. Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation in October 2021. Khailzad was appointed by President George W. Bush to serve as United States Ambassador to the United Nations, serving in the role from 2007 to 2009. Khalilzad was the highest ranking Muslim-American in government at the time he left the position. Prior to this, Khalilzad served in the Bush administration as Ambassador to Afghanistan from 2004 to 2005 and Ambassador to Iraq from 2005 to 2007. Raised in the Afghan capital of Kabul, Khalilzad came to the United States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burhanuddin Rabbani
Burhānuddīn Rabbānī (Persian: ; 20 September 1940 – 20 September 2011) was an Afghanistani politician and teacher who served as President of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996 (in exile from 1996 to 2001). Born in the Badakhshan Province, Rabbani studied at Kabul University and worked there as a professor of Islamic theology. He formed the Jamiat-e Islami (''Islamic Society'') at the university which attracted then-students Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and Ahmad Shah Massoud, both of whom would eventually become the two leading commanders of the Afghan mujahideen in the Soviet–Afghan War from 1979. Rabbani was chosen to be the President of Afghanistan after the end of the former communist regime in 1992. Rabbani and his Islamic State of Afghanistan government was later forced into exile by the Taliban, and he then served as the political head of the Northern Alliance, an alliance of various political groups who fought against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. During his time in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farah Province
Farah (Dari: , ''Farā'') is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the southwestern part of the country next to Iran. It is a spacious and sparsely populated province, divided into eleven districts and contains hundreds of villages. It has a population of about 563,026, which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural tribal society. Farah's population is dominated by Pashtun (80%) tribesmen (Alizai, Barakzai,Noorzai) although Tajiks and a small minority of Shi'a Hazaras can also be found in the countryside. The Farah Airport is located near the city of Farah, which serves as the capital of the province. Farah is linked with Iran via the Iranian border town of Mahirud. The province famous tourism sites include Pul Garden, New Garden, Kafee Garden, shrine of Sultan Amir and Kafer castle are from sightseeing places of Farah provinc Geographically the province is approximately , making it (comparatively) more than twice the size of Maryland, or half the size of South Korea. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malalai Joya
Malalai Joya ( ps, ملالۍ جویا) (born 25 April 1978) is an activist, writer, and a politician from Afghanistan. She served as a Parliamentarian in the National Assembly of Afghanistan from 2005 until early 2007, after being dismissed for publicly denouncing the presence of warlords and war criminals in the Afghan Parliament. She was an outspoken critic of the Karzai administration and its western supporters, particularly the United States. Her suspension in May 2007 generated protest internationally and appeals for her reinstatement were signed by high-profile writers, intellectuals such as Noam Chomsky, and politicians including members of parliament from Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Spain. She was called "the bravest woman in Afghanistan" by the BBC. In 2010, ''Time'' magazine placed Malalai Joya on their annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world. Foreign Policy Magazine listed Malalai Joya in its annual list of the Top 100 Glo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safia Sediqi
{{Disambiguation, geo ...
Safia may refer to: __NOTOC__ People * Safia (given name) Places * Safia, Burkina Faso * Safia, Yemen * Safia Rural LLG, Papua New Guinea Biology * ''Safia'' (moth), a genus of moth Music * Safia (band), an Australian indie electronica band, best known for featuring on the 2014 Peking Duk song "Take Me Over" See also * Sofia (other) Sofia is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. Sofia may also refer to: People * Sofia (given name), alternate form of the given name Sophia * Sofia (Filipino singer), a bossa nova singer from the Philippines *Sofia (Swedish singer), full n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Hafiz Mansoor
Abdul Hafiz Mansoor (also spelled Mansur, born in 1963 in the Panjsher Valley) is an Afghan politician. While Mansoor was a university student, the Soviet Union sent troops into Afghanistan, and Mansoor joined the Jamiat-e Islami, a mujahideen faction based in the Tajik region of Afghanistan. He became the editor of the Jamiat-e Islami's newspaper, ''Voice of the Holy Warriors''. He became the head of Afghanistan's news agency when the Jamiat-led mujahideen captured Kabul in 1992. After the fall of the Taliban in 2001, Mansoor served as the first director of state radio and television in Afghanistan. As director, he was criticized for some of his conservative decisions, which included a ban on showing female singers on TV. He was a member of the 2002 and 2003 loya jirgas and in 2003 ran for the loya jirga's chairmanship, but lost to Sibghatullah Mojaddedi Sibghatullah Mojaddedi ( ps, صبغت الله مجددي; prs, صبغتالله مجددی; 27 September 1926 – 11 F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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