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2001 Montenegrin Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Montenegro on 22 April 2001. The result was a victory for the Coalition for a European Montenegro, Victory is of Montenegro alliance formed by the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro and the Social Democratic Party of Montenegro, which won 36 of the 77 seats. Electoral system Of the 77 seats in Parliament, 72 were elected by proportional representation in a nationwide constituency and five were elected in a special constituency for the Albanian minority. The electoral threshold was set at 3% and seats allocated using the d'Hondt method. Closed lists were used with a single list for both constituencies, although parties only had to award half their seats according to the order of the list, with the remaining half free for them to allocate. Contesting parties Victory is of Montenegro The coalition lost parliamentary majority, winning just 36 of 77 seats (30 for DPS and 6 for SDP). Contrary to everyone's expectation, the now opposing, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1998 Montenegrin Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Montenegro on 31 May 1998. The result was a victory for the So that we live better coalition formed by the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro, Social Democratic Party of Montenegro and the People's Party of Montenegro which won 42 of the 78 seats. Electoral system Of the 78 seats in Parliament, 76 were elected by proportional representation in a nationwide constituency and two were elected in a special constituency for the Albanian minority. The electoral threshold was set at 3% and seats allocated using the d'Hondt method. Closed lists were used with a single list for both constituencies, although parties only had to award half their seats according to the order of the list, with the remaining half free for them to allocate. Contesting parties Split in the Democratic Party of Socialists In the late 1990s a rift inside the ruling Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro came out. On the 1997 Montenegrin presidential electio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed List
Closed list describes the variant of party-list systems where voters can effectively only vote for political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters had some influence, that would be called an open list. Closed list systems are still commonly used in party-list proportional representation, and most mixed electoral systems also use closed lists in their party list component. Many countries, however have changed their electoral systems to use open lists to incorporate personalised representation to their proportional systems. In closed list systems, each political party has pre-decided who will receive the seats allocated to that party in the elections, so that the candidates positioned highest on this list tend to always get a seat in the parliament while the candidates positioned very low on the closed list will not. However, the candidates "at the water mark" of a given party are in the position ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal Alliance Of Montenegro
Liberal Alliance of Montenegro ( cnr, italic=no, Liberalni savez Crne Gore - LSCG; Либерални савез Црне Горе - ЛСЦГ) was a Montenegrin separatist, liberal and anti-war political party, active between 1990 and 2005. The Liberal Alliance was a full member of the Liberal International from 1994 until the party's dissolution in 2005. History The LSCG was the first political party to advocate an independent Montenegro during the Yugoslav Wars period, and remained a strong supporter of the idea of independence throughout its existence. It was also one of the only two parties, alongside the Social Democratic Party, which openly opposed the Montenegrin involvement in the War in Croatia and the shelling of Dubrovnik in 1991. Despite advocating Montenegrin nationalism and thus pursuing separatist policies, LSCG was a strictly pacifist party, opting for democratic means in its political activity. It also openly supported the restoration of the Montenegrin langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Božidar Bojović
Božidar M. Bojović (Serbian Cyrillic: Божидар М. Бојовић, 1938 – 14 December 2021) was a Montenegrin chief physician, endocrinologist, and politician who was a member of the Parliament of Montenegro and representative in the Parliament of Serbia and Montenegro, legislative body of the FR Yugoslavia, between 1990 and 2005. He was also a professor at the University of Montenegro, Life and career Bojović was born in Potpeće, Pljevlja, Potpeće, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia, in 1938. He received his doctorate in 1980 from the University of Novi Sad Faculty of Medicine. He worked as a doctor in Rožaje, Kotor and Podgorica. He was the professor and the founder of the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Montenegro Faculty of Medicine. He became politically active since the introduction of multi-party system in SR Montenegro in 1990, he was one of the founders of the opposition People's Party (Montenegro), People's Party (NS). Bojović was party vice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Conservatism
National conservatism is a nationalist variant of conservatism that concentrates on upholding national and cultural identity. National conservatives usually combine nationalism with conservative stances promoting traditional cultural values, family values and opposition to immigration. It shares characteristics with traditionalist conservatism and social conservatism since all three variations focus on preservation and tradition. As national conservatism seeks to preserve national interests, traditionalist conservatism emphasizes the preservation of social order. Additionally, social conservatism emphasizes traditional family values which regulate moral behavior to preserve one's traditional status in society. National conservative parties often have roots in environments with a rural, traditionalist or peripheral basis, contrasting with the more urban support base of liberal-conservative parties. In Europe, most embrace some form of Euroscepticism.Traynor, IanThe EU's wear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serb People's Party (Montenegro)
The Serb People's Party ( sr, Српска народна странка, СНС / ''Srpska narodna stranka, SNS'') was a political party in Montenegro. The SNS was led by Andrija Mandić. At the last legislative elections in Montenegro, on September 10, 2006, the Serb List, led by the SNS, won 12 out of 81 seats. It was then the largest political group in the Parliament of Montenegro right after the ruling Democratic Party of Socialists-Social Democratic Party coalition. In January 2009, it merged with to People's Socialist Party of Montenegro (NSS) to form the New Serb Democracy. Overview The SNS was an ethnic Serb party that promoted the rights of the Serb ethnic group against what it sees as state-sponsored discrimination. Unlike the pro-federalist Socialist People's Party of Montenegro (SNP) which is left-oriented (being social-democratic), the SNS is focused primarily on representing the interests of Serb people in Montenegro around a center-right cultural conservative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dragan Šoć
Dragan Šoć (Serbian Cyrillic: Драган Шоћ, born 1957 in Cetinje, SR Montenegro, SFRY) is a Montenegrin lawyer, retired politician and former Minister of Justice in the Government of Montenegro, from 1998 until 2000. Šoć was one of the founders of conservative People's Party (NS) in 1990, and former party president between 2000 and 2006, he also served as the People's Party representative in the Parliament of Montenegro from 1990 to 1998, and again from 2001 until 2009. During the Montenegrin independence referendum in May 2006, he was one of the leaders of the unionist bloc, which advocated Montenegro's remaining in the state union with Serbia. He is currently active as lawyer and member of the legal team of the Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral and Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro Eastern Orthodoxy in Montenegro refers to adherents, religious communities, institutions and organizations of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Montenegro. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Conservatism
Cultural conservatism is described as the protection of the cultural heritage of a nation state, or of a culture not defined by state boundaries. It is usually associated with criticism of multiculturalism, and opposition to immigration. Cultural conservatism is sometimes concerned with the preservation of a language, such as French in Quebec, and other times with the preservation of an ethnic group's culture such as Native Americans. In the United States, ''cultural conservatism'' may imply a conservative position in the culture wars. Because cultural conservatism (according to the compass theory) expresses the social dimension of conservatism, it is sometimes referred to as social conservatism. However, '' social conservatism'' describes conservative moral and social values or stances on socio-cultural issues such as abortion and same-sex marriage in opposition to ''cultural liberalism'' (in USA, social liberalism). ''Nationalism'', meanwhile, also differs from cultural co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Party (Montenegro, 1990)
The People's Party ( sr, Народна странка, Narodna Stranka, abbr. НС/NS) was a conservative political party in Montenegro. History The party was established in 1990, after a multi-party system was introduced in Montenegro, and was named after the historical People's Party. Notable party founders include Novak Kilibarda, Matija Bećković, Božidar Bojović, Pavle Milić, Jovan Markuš, Dragan Šoć, Momir Vojvodić and Bogoljub Šijaković. The People's Party opposed Slobodan Milošević's regime in Serbia and his supporters in Montenegro during the 1990s. It joined DPS and SDP in 1998 election, and it participated in Government with the two until 2001. But, when DPS and SDP openly stated that they are proponents of full Montenegrin independence. People's Party of Montenegro left the coalition and the Government. Afterwards, it was mostly in coalition with pro-union with Serbia parties. After the referendum, the People's Party refused to acknowledge the result ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbian–Montenegrin Unionism
Serbian–Montenegrin unionism () is a political movement which arose after the break up of former Yugoslavia. It advocates Montenegro being in a political union with Serbia. The relationship between Serbs and ethnic Montenegrins is generally identified as being the most amicable of all the peoples of the former Yugoslavia. According to a 2011 national census, 178,110 Montenegrin citizens ethnically identify as Serb, with more than 4,000 identifying as "Serbian-Montenegrin" or "Montenegrin-Serbian". History Friendship between the states of Montenegro and Serbia is long-standing. In 19th century, Montenegro and Serbia were officially recognized as independent by the Ottoman Empire. The two entities since shared all essential experiences; they fought as part of the Balkan League when it came to ending the Ottoman presence in Rumelia during the First Balkan War, and they fought alongside each other against Austria-Hungary and Germany during World War I. Plans for unification, havin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Conservatism
Social conservatism is a political philosophy and variety of conservatism which places emphasis on traditional power structures over social pluralism. Social conservatives organize in favor of duty, traditional values and social institutions, such as traditional family structures, gender roles, sexual relations, national patriotism, and religious traditions. Social conservatism is usually skeptical of social change, instead favoring the status quo concerning social issues. Social conservatives also value the rights of religious institutions to participate in the public sphere, thus supporting government-religious endorsement and opposing state atheism, and in some cases opposing secularism. Social conservatism and other ideological views There is overlap between social conservatism and paleoconservatism, in that they both support and value traditional social forms. Social conservatism is not to be confused with economically interventionist conservatism, where cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist People's Party Of Montenegro
The Socialist People's Party of Montenegro ( sr, Социјалистичка народна партија Црне Горе, Socijalistička narodna partija Crne Gore, SNP) is a political party in Montenegro. It is a social-democratic and socially conservative party, that is positioned on the centre-left on the political spectrum with regard to economic matters. It is supportive of accession of Montenegro to the European Union, and was historically supportive of Serbian–Montenegrin unionism. History Origins In the late 1990s a rift inside the ruling Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro came out. In the 1997 Montenegrin presidential election, aside from the then-President of the Republic and the Party Momir Bulatović, the Premier of Montenegro and party vice-president Milo Đukanović ran too, leading a reforming wing opposing mainstream DPS CG's political attitudes regarding support of Serbian president Slobodan Milošević. The ruling parties of the Republic of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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