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2021–2022 Peruvian Mining Protests
On July 23, 2021, following Pedro Castillo's electoral victory, mining communities near Las Bambas copper mine blocked the road used to transport the copper. The protesters claimed that local communities saw little benefit from the wealth generated by the mining. Background The Las Bambas Mine is one of the largest mines in Peru and produces 2% of the world's copper. Additionally, the protests tests Castillo's campaign promise to strike to redistribute mining wealth to local communities. In 2015, the Las Bambas copper mine experienced large-scale protests which led to the deaths of 3 people and 17 injured. Another wave of strikes arrived in 2020, which forced MMG Limited, the Chinese firm which owns the Las Bambas copper mine, to declare force majeure on some contracts. Attempts at resolution September 2021 To resolve the renewed waves of protests, a delegation led by then Prime Minister Guido Bellido arrived to Tambobamba on September 17, 2021. The Prime Minister pledged to nego ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crisis Antiminera En Ayacucho De 2021
A crisis ( : crises; : critical) is either any event or period that will (or might) lead to an unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, or all of society. Crises are negative changes in the human or environmental affairs, especially when they occur abruptly, with little or no warning. More loosely, a crisis is a testing time for an emergency. Etymology The English word ''crisis'' was borrowed from the Latin, which in turn was borrowed from the Greek ''krisis'' 'discrimination, decision, crisis'.'' Oxford English Dictionary'', 1893''s.v.'' 'crisis'/ref> The noun is derived from the verb ''krinō'', which means 'distinguish, choose, decide'. In English, ''crisis'' was first used in a medical context, for the time in the development of a disease when a change indicates either recovery or death, that is, a turning-point. It was also used for a major change in the development of a disease. By the mid-seventeenth century, it took on the figurative meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petroperú
Petróleos del Perú (Petroperú) ( en, Petroleum of Peru), is a Peruvian state-owned company and private law dedicated to the transportation, refining, distribution and commercialization of fuels and other petroleum products. This company belonging to the Peruvian State since 1969, is considered among the main taxpayers to the treasury and currently employs more than 2,500 people. On the other hand, it makes important investments in education, health and other sustainable development projects throughout the Peruvian territory. Among the current strategic objectives of the company are the supply of fuel to the entire Peruvian market, as well as financial sustainability and its operations, with a special emphasis on safety and care for the environment. History Background On October 9, 1968, the dictatorship of Maj General (General de Division) Juan Velasco Alvarado ordered the seizure and summary expropriation of the facilities of The International Petroleum Company (IPC), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Protests
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protests In Peru
A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration or remonstrance) is a public expression of objection, disapproval or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one. Protests can be thought of as acts of cooperation in which numerous people cooperate by attending, and share the potential costs and risks of doing so. Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass demonstrations. Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion or government policy, or they may undertake direct action in an attempt to enact desired changes themselves. Where protests are part of a systematic and peaceful nonviolent campaign to achieve a particular objective, and involve the use of pressure as well as persuasion, they go beyond mere protest and may be better described as a type of protest called civil resistance or nonviolent resistance. Various forms of self-expr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Mining In Peru
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events. Historians seek knowledge of the past using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts, art and material artifacts, and ecological markers. History is not complete and still has debatable mysteries. History is also an academic discipline which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians often debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians also debate the nature of history as an end in itself, as well as its usefulness to give perspective on the problems o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Department Of Ayacucho
Ayacucho () is a department and region of Peru, located in the south-central Andes of the country. Its capital is the city of Ayacucho. The region was one of the hardest hit in the 1980s during the guerrilla war waged by Shining Path known as the internal conflict in Peru. A referendum was held on 30 October 2005, in order to decide whether the department would merge with the departments of Ica and Huancavelica to form the new Ica-Ayacucho-Huancavelica Region, as part of the decentralization process in Peru. The proposal failed and no merger was carried out. Political division The department is divided into 11 provinces ( es, provincias, singular: ''provincia''), which are composed of 111 districts (''distritos'', singular: ''distrito''). Provinces The provinces, with their capitals in parenthesis, are: # Cangallo ( Cangallo) # Huamanga (Ayacucho) # Huanca Sancos (Huanca Sancos) # Huanta (Huanta) # La Mar ( San Miguel) # Lucanas (Puquio) # Parinacochas (Coracora) # Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirtha Vásquez
Mirtha Esther Vásquez Chuquilín (born 31 March 1975) is a Peruvian attorney and politician who served as prime minister of Peru from 6 October 2021 to 31 January 2022. Previously, she briefly served in Congress for the complementary term between March 2020 and July 2021, representing the constituency of Cajamarca as an independent within the Broad Front parliamentary caucus. Early life and education Born in the northern region of Cajamarca, Vásquez earned a law degree from National University of Cajamarca and subsequently attained a master's degree in social management at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. Career Vásquez has been a lecturer at her alma mater, the National University of Cajamarca. She has also served as an attorney and executive secretary for Grufides, a human rights and environment protection think-tank based in Cajamarca. She also defended the Association for Human Rights (APRODEH), and served as a member of the Board of Directors of the Nati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glencore
Glencore plc is a Swiss multinational commodity trading and mining company with headquarters in Baar, Switzerland. Glencore's oil and gas head office is in London and its registered office is in Saint Helier, Jersey. The current company was created through a merger of Glencore with Xstrata on 2 May 2013. , it ranked tenth in the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's largest companies. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Glencore International was ranked as the 484th-largest public company in the world. As of July 2022, it is the world's largest commodity trader. As Glencore International, the company was already one of the world's largest integrated producers and marketers of commodities. It was the largest company in Switzerland as well as the world's largest commodities trading company, with a 2010 global market share of 60% in internationally tradable zinc, 50% in internationally tradable copper, 9% in the internationally tradable grain market and 3% in the internationally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Espinar Province
Espinar Province is one of thirteen provinces in the Cusco Region in the southern highlands of Peru. Geography Some of the highest mountains of the province are listed below:escale.minedu.gob.pe - UGEL map of the Espinar Province (Cusco Region) Political division The province is divided into eight districts ( es, distritos, singular: ), each of which is headed by a mayor (''alcalde''). The districts, with their capitals in parenthesis, are: * Alto Pichigua ( Accocunca) * Condoroma ( Condoroma) * Coporaque ( Coporaque) * Espinar ( Yauri) * Ocoruro ( Ocoruro) * Pallpata ( Hector Tejada) * Pichigua ( Pichigua) * Suykutambo ( Suykutambo) History On 21 May 2012, agricultural leadership in Espinar Province announced a strike against the planned expansion of Tintaya mine, a copper mine owned by the Swiss corporation Xstrata. The leaders' demands included higher environmental standards, more money for area development, and independent oversight of the mine. Strikers occ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Value Chain
A value chain is a progression of activities that a firm operating in a specific industry performs in order to deliver a valuable product (i.e., good and/or service) to the end customer. The concept comes through business management and was first described by Michael Porter in his 1985 best-seller, ''Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance''. The concept of value chains as decision support tools, was added onto the competitive strategies paradigm developed by Porter as early as 1979. In Porter's value chains, Inbound Logistics, Operations, Outbound Logistics, Marketing and Sales, and Service are categorized as primary activities. Secondary activities include Procurement, Human Resource management, Technological Development and Infrastructure . According to the OECD Secretary-General the emergence of global value chains (GVCs) in the late 1990s provided a catalyst for accelerated change in the landscape of international investment and trade, wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro Castillo
José Pedro Castillo Terrones (; born 19 October 1969) is a Peruvian politician, former elementary school teacher, and union leader who served as the president of Peru, President of Peru from 28 July 2021 to 7 December 2022. On 7 December 2022, he was impeached and removed from office by the Congress of Peru after 2022 Peruvian self-coup attempt, attempting a self-coup. Born to a peasant family in Puña, Department of Cajamarca, Cajamarca, Castillo began working in Peru's informal economy as a teenager to earn funds for his studies in education and later returned to his hometown to become a primary school teacher. He attained political prominence as a leading figure in a school teachers' strike in 2017 and ran in the 2021 Peruvian general election, 2021 presidential election as the candidate of the Free Peru party. Castillo announced his presidential candidacy after seeing his students undergo hardships from the lack of resources in rural Peru, with the election occurring amidst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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