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2016 Kazakhstani Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Kazakhstan on 20 March 2016. The date was set by president Nursultan Nazarbayev on 20 January 2016, when he dissolved the Mazhilis after it had requested dissolution on 13 January, with the reason cited being the economic crisis caused by low oil prices. Normally, the term of the Mazhilis would have expired in fall of 2016. The result was an expected victory for Nur Otan from the exit polls which won an extra seat while the Ak Zhol Democratic Party and Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan maintained their presence in the Mazhilis. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) complained about lack of "genuine political choice” and "pluralism of opinion in the media.” Background From 2014, Kazakhstan had experienced economic crisis as a result of oil price crash in which it is heavily reliant on for revenue and the devaluation of the Kazakhstani tenge that was caused by the country's neighboring and main trading partn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazakhstani Tenge
The tenge ( or ; kk, теңге, teñge, ; sign: ₸ ; code: KZT) is the currency of Kazakhstan. It is divided into 100 tiyn ( kk, тиын, tıyın also transliterated as ''tiyin''). History After the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, most of the formerly Soviet republics attempted to maintain a common currency. Some politicians hoped to at least maintain "special relations" among former Soviet republics (the "near abroad"). Other reasons were the economic considerations for maintaining the rouble zone. The wish to preserve strong trade relations between former Soviet republics was considered the most important goal. The break-up of the Soviet Union was not accompanied by any formal changes in monetary arrangements. The Central Bank of Russia was authorized to take over the State Bank of the USSR (Gosbank) on 1 January 1992. It continued to ship Soviet notes and coins to the central banks of the eleven newly independent countries, which had formerly been the main ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Largest Remainder Method
The largest remainder method (also known as Hare–Niemeyer method, Hamilton method or as Vinton's method) is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems. It contrasts with various highest averages methods (also known as divisor methods). Method The ''largest remainder method'' requires the numbers of votes for each party to be divided by a quota representing the number of votes ''required'' for a seat (i.e. usually the total number of votes cast divided by the number of seats, or some similar formula). The result for each party will usually consist of an integer part plus a fractional remainder. Each party is first allocated a number of seats equal to their integer. This will generally leave some remainder seats unallocated: the parties are then ranked on the basis of the fractional remainders, and the parties with the largest remainders are each allocated one additional seat until all the seats have been allocated. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral Threshold
The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of the primary vote that a candidate or political party requires to achieve before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can operate in various ways, e.g. in party-list proportional representation systems where an electoral threshold requires that a party must receive a specified minimum percentage of votes (e.g. 5%), either nationally or in a particular electoral district, to obtain seats in the legislature. In Single transferable voting the election threshold is called the quota and not only the first choice but also the next-indicated choices are used to determine whether or not a party passes the electoral threshold (and it is possible to be elected under STV even if a candidate does not pass the election threshold). In MMP systems the election threshold determines which parties are eligible for the top-up seats. The effect of an electoral threshold is to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divisions (political parties) of the electorate. The essence of such systems is that all votes cast - or almost all votes cast - contribute to the result and are actually used to help elect someone—not just a plurality, or a bare majority—and that the system produces mixed, balanced representation reflecting how votes are cast. "Proportional" electoral systems mean proportional to ''vote share'' and ''not'' proportional to population size. For example, the US House of Representatives has 435 districts which are drawn so roughly equal or "proportional" numbers of people live within each district, yet members of the House are elected in first-past-the-post elections: first-past-the-post is ''not'' proportional by vote share. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mäslihat
A Maslikhat () is a local representative body (parliament) in Kazakhstan that is elected by a population of a region, district and city. Functions The maslikhats operate at the level of regional and municipality, as well as at the local level such as city or a district. Regional Mäslihats approve and control the local budget, upon the proposal of the President, akim of the region is approved, regional development programs are considered and approved, revision commissions are formed to control the spending of budgetary funds, general developments and development plans are approved, etc. fourth of the total number of its members. By participating in the work of the mäslihats and its bodies, the MP's solve the most important issues of state, economic, social, cultural construction, adopt by-laws and other decisions, according to their competence, promote their implementation, exercise control over the observance of the laws of Kazakhstan and decisions of local representative and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kairat Kelimbetov
Kairat Kelimbetov ( kk, Qaırat Nematuly Kelimbetov; born 28 January 1969) is a Kazakh politician who's currently the Governor of Astana International Financial Centre, a new initiative launched by Kazakhstan government to develop country's non-banking financial sector. He served as a Governor of the National Bank of Kazakhstan from October 1 of 2013 till November 2 of 2015. He served as a Vice-Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from January 20 of 2012 till October 1 of 2013. He also served as the CEO of Samruk-Kazyna Sovereign Wealth Fund and as the Minister of Economy and Budget Planning in the Government of Kazakhstan.Principal Government Officials Travel Document Systems In late July 2005 at that time a Minister Kelimbetov announced that Kazakhstan's GDP grew by 9.1% in the last year. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Bank Of Kazakhstan
is the central bank of Kazakhstan. History The National Bank of Kazakhstan was established on the basis of the Kazakh Republican Bank of the State Bank of the USSR (since 1990 - the State Bank of the Kazakh SSR, since 1991 - the National State Bank of the Kazakh SSR). On April 13, 1993, in accordance with the Law "On the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan", the National Bank of the Kazakh SSR was renamed the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan. On March 30, 1995, a new Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated March 30, 1995 No. 2155 "On the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan" was issued. On 15 November 1999, the National Bank of Kazakhstan became the founder and the sole shareholder of the Kazakhstan Deposit Insurance Fund ("KDIF"). Management Structure The National Bank is accountable to the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, but acting independently to the extent scope of authority granted under the legislation thereto. The National Bank coordi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nurly Zhol
Nurly Zhol () is a US$9 billion domestic economic stimulus plan to develop and modernize roads, railways, ports, IT infrastructure, and education and civil services in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Nurly Zhol plan was announced by Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev in November 2014. Areas of infrastructure development Nurly Zhol targets seven areas of infrastructure development: # transportation and logistics infrastructure # industrial infrastructure # energy infrastructure # public utilities infrastructure # housing infrastructure # social infrastructure # small and medium-sized enterprises Goals Nurly Zhol is intended to turn Kazakhstan into a key Eurasian transport and logistics hub by modernizing roads, railways and ports, among others projects. Over $40 billion of projects are to be implemented within the Nurly Zhol framework by 2020. 1.4 million square meters of rental housing is expected to be constructed in 2015-2019. The New Economic Policy "Nurly Zhol" is exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2015 Kazakh Presidential Election
Snap presidential elections were held in Kazakhstan on 26 April 2015 to elect the President of Kazakhstan. This was the fifth presidential election held and second without having any formal opposition candidates. With the highest-ever nationwide turnout of 95.2%, the result was a victory for long-term incumbent President Nursultan Nazarbayev of Nur Otan who received 97.8% of the vote, the largest since 1991, thus winning a fifth term in office while his closest challenger, Turgyn Syzdyqov, received only 1.6% of the votes. Having been originally scheduled for 2016, the election was held a year earlier after numerous calls and support from the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan, the Parliament, as well as political parties for President Nursultan Nazarbayev to support a snap election in order to properly continue the country's development and to avoid for Mazhilis elections to be held simultaneously which were also set for the following year. After the Constitutional Council ruling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War In Donbas (2014–2022)
The War in Donbas, russian: Война на Донбассе was an armed conflict in the Donbas region of Ukraine, part of the broader Russo-Ukrainian War. In March 2014, immediately following the Euromaidan protest movement and subsequent Revolution of Dignity, protests by pro-Russian, anti-government separatist groups arose in the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine, collectively called the Donbas. These demonstrations began around the same time as Russia's annexation of Crimea, and were part of wider pro-Russian protests across southern and eastern Ukraine. Declaring the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics (DPR and LPR, respectively), armed Russian-backed separatist groups seized government buildings throughout the Donbas, leading to armed conflict with Ukrainian government forces. Ukraine launched a military counter-offensive against pro-Russian forces in April 2014, called the "Anti-Terrorist Operation" (ATO) from 2014 until it was renamed the "Joint Forces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annexation Of Crimea By The Russian Federation
In February and March 2014, Russia invaded and subsequently annexed the Crimean Peninsula from Ukraine. This event took place in the aftermath of the Revolution of Dignity and is part of the wider Russo-Ukrainian War. The events in Kyiv that ousted Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych on 22 February 2014 sparked pro-Russian demonstrations as of 23 February against the (prospected) new Ukrainian government. At the same time Russian president Vladimir Putin discussed Ukrainian events with security service chiefs remarking that "we must start working on returning Crimea to Russia". On 27 February, Russian troops captured strategic sites across Crimea, followed by the installation of the pro-Russian Aksyonov government in Crimea, the Crimean status referendum and the declaration of Crimea's independence on 16 March 2014. Although Russia initially claimed their military was not involved in the events, Putin later admitted that troops were deployed to "stand behind Crimea's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
