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2008 Belarusian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Belarus on 28 September 2008. The 110 seats in the House of Representatives were at stake. Lidia Yermoshina, the Chairperson of the Central Election Commission, announced on 29 August that 276 candidates were registered for the election; 365 people initially sought to run, but five withdrew and candidate registration for 84 others was rejected. Just prior to the election, the number of the registered candidates was reduced to 263; 82 of the candidates were members of political parties, the others were non-partisans loyal to the government. They included chief executives of local authorities and medical institutions, and top managers of large enterprises. The election was attempted to be monitored by 925 international and more than 17,000 local observers, including an Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) mission consisting of some 450 members from 43 countries. Belarusian citizens abroad were able to cast their votes at 40 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2004 Belarusian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Belarus on 17 October 2004, with a second round of voting in two constituencies on 27 October, and a third round in one on 20 March 2005. The vast majority of successful candidates, 97 of 109, were independents.Nohlen & Stöver, p261 Voter turnout was reported to be 91.04% in the first round.Belarus: Elections held in 2004 Inter-Parliamentary Union A total of 359 candidates contested the election, with oppositing parties claiming that around 40% of their candidates were not registered. The delegation noted that although all candidates were given a set amount of fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books. IDEA Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2008 Elections In Europe
8 (eight) is the natural number following 7 and preceding 9. In mathematics 8 is: * a composite number, its proper divisors being , , and . It is twice 4 or four times 2. * a power of two, being 2 (two cubed), and is the first number of the form , being an integer greater than 1. * the first number which is neither prime nor semiprime. * the base of the octal number system, which is mostly used with computers. In octal, one digit represents three bits. In modern computers, a byte is a grouping of eight bits, also called an octet. * a Fibonacci number, being plus . The next Fibonacci number is . 8 is the only positive Fibonacci number, aside from 1, that is a perfect cube. * the only nonzero perfect power that is one less than another perfect power, by Mihăilescu's Theorem. * the order of the smallest non-abelian group all of whose subgroups are normal. * the dimension of the octonions and is the highest possible dimension of a normed division algebra. * the first number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly
The Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly (BSDH; be, Беларуская сацыял-дэмакратычная Грамада; БСДГ, Bielaruskaja sacyjal-demakratyčnaja Hramada; russian: Белорусская социал-демократическая Грамада; БСДГ, Belorusskaya sotsial-demokraticheskaya Gramada; BSDG), commonly shortened to "Hramada" or "The Assembly", is a Belarusian social-democratic political party. Businessman Siarhiej Čeračań has been the leader of the party since October 2018. Leadership The previous head of the party from 1998 to 2018 was Stanislav Shushkevich, who has the distinction of having been the first head of state of the Republic of Belarus after its independence from the Soviet Union, between 1991 and 1994. After running unsuccessfully for president in the 1994 election, he did not participate in politics again until helping to form the party in 1998. In 2004 he was not allowed to register as a candidate and so in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican Party Of Labour And Justice
) , seats1_title = House of Representatives , seats1 = , seats2_title = Council of the Republic , seats2 = , seats3_title = Local seats , seats3 = , colours = Red, Green (official) Pink (customary) , colorcode = , website rpts.by, country = Belarus The Republican Party of Labour and Justice (RPTS; russian: Республиканская партия труда и справедливости; РПТС, Respublikanskaya partiya truda i spravedlivosti; RPTS; be, Рэспубліканская партыя працы і справядлівасьці; РППС, Respublikanskaja partyja pracy i spraviadlivaści; RPPS) is a socialist political party in Belarus founded by Ivan Antonovich in 1993. The chairman is . The party is considered to be supportive of the government of president Alexander Lukashenko. Activities Key objectives of the RPTC include the development of the Union State of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal Democratic Party Of Belarus
) , colours = Blue , colorcode = , headquarters = 12th Building, Filimonova St, Minsk, Belarus , seats1_title = House of Representatives , seats1 = , seats2_title = Council of the Republic , seats2 = , seats3_title = Local seats , seats3 = , newspaper = ''Truth of Gaidukevich'' , flag = , website ldpb.by, country = Belarus The Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus ( be, Ліберальна-дэмакратычная партыя Беларусі, russian: Либерально-демократическая партия Беларуси, Liberal'no-demokraticheskaya partiya Belarusi), or ЛДПБ (LDPB), is a political party in Belarus. It was created in 1994 as the Belarusian successor of the Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union. Despite claiming to be a "constructive and democratic opposition" the party ''de facto'' supports the current president, Alexa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belarusian Social Democratic Party (Assembly)
) , membership_year = 2019 , membership = 1,127 , newspaper = ''Adliustravannie'',''Pazicyja'' , youth_wing = Young Social Democrats — Young Hramada , colours = Red White , colorcode = , seats1_title = House of Representatives , seats1 = , seats2_title = Council of the Republic , seats2 = , flag = , website bsdp.org, anthem = The Internationale translated by Yanka Kupala , country = Belarus The Belarusian Social Democratic Party (Assembly) ( be, Беларуская сацыял-дэмакратычная партыя (Грамада́), russian: Белорусская социал-демократическая партия (Громада́), Belarusskaya Social-Demokraticheskaya Partiya (Hromada)) is a social-democratic political party in Belarus that opposes the government of president Alexander Lukashenko. History The party was founded in 2005 after the split within the BSDP (People's Assembly). It considers itself the successor of the historical Bel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BPF Party
The BPF Party ( be, Партыя БНФ, Partyja BNF; russian: Партия БНФ, Partiya BNF) is a political party in Belarus. It was de facto established after the split of the social movement Belarusian Popular Front ( abbr. BPF; be, Беларускі Народны Фронт "Адраджэньне", Bielaruski Narodny Front "Adradžeńnie", links=no, ) in 1999. The Belarusian Popular Front was founded during the Perestroika era by members of the Belarusian intelligentsia, including Vasil Bykaŭ. Its first and most charismatic leader was Zianon Pazniak. After a 2005 decree by president Alexander Lukashenko on the restriction of the usage of the words ' ("Belarusian") and ' ("National", "Popular", "People's") in the names of political parties and movements, the party had to change its official name to "BPF Party". Early history The Belarusian Popular Front was established in 1988 as both a political party and a cultural movement, following the examples of the Popular Fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belarusian Left Party "A Just World"
The Belarusian Left Party "A Just World" ( be, Беларуская партыя левых «Справядлівы свет», Bielaruskaja partyja lievych «Spraviadlivy sviet») is a left-wing list of political parties in Belarus, political party in Belarus that opposes the government of president Alexander Lukashenko. Until October 2009, it was known as the Belarusian Party of Communists (PCB; be, Партыя камуністаў беларуская; ПКБ, Partyja kamunistaŭ bielaruskaja; PKB, literally "Party of Communists Belarusian"). History Founded as the Belarusian Party of Communists (PСB) in 1991 as the legal successor to the ruling Communist Party of Byelorussia, the organization originally emerged as one of the major political parties in independent Belarus. With Lukashenko having become president in 1994, a split in sentiment occurred within the PBC and in 1996, a pro-Lukashenko faction of the party broke away and formed the Communist Party of Belarus. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Civic Party
The United Civic Party (UCP; be, Аб'яднаная грамадзянская партыя; АГП, Abjadnanaja hramadzianskaja partyja; AHP; russian: Объединённая гражданская партия; ОГП, Obyedinonnaya grazhdanskaya partiya; OGP) is a liberal-conservative and liberalism, liberal list of political parties in Belarus, political party in Belarus. The party opposes the government of Alexander Lukashenko and has participated in the country's elections on a few occasions, but it did not have a single member in the National Assembly of Belarus, Belarusian parliament until one member was elected during the 2016 Belarusian parliamentary election, 2016 elections. It claims that its lack of seats is due to the unfairness of the election process. Famous party members are former Prime Minister Mikhail Chigir, Michaił Čyhir, the mysteriously disappeared politicians Jury Zacharanka and Viktar Hanchar, Viktar Hančar, and Hienadź Karpienka, who died premature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral Fraud
Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election manipulation, voter fraud or vote rigging, involves illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate, depressing the vote share of rival candidates, or both. It differs from but often goes hand-in-hand with voter suppression. What exactly constitutes electoral fraud varies from country to country. Electoral legislation outlaws many kinds of election fraud, * also at but other practices violate general laws, such as those banning assault, harassment or libel. Although technically the term "electoral fraud" covers only those acts which are illegal, the term is sometimes used to describe acts which are legal, but considered morally unacceptable, outside the spirit of an election or in violation of the principles of democracy. Show elections, featuring only one candidate, are sometimes classified as electoral fraud, although they may comply with the law and are presente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minsk
Minsk ( be, Мінск ; russian: Минск) is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach and the now subterranean Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the administrative centre of Minsk Region (voblast) and Minsk District (raion). As of January 2021, its population was 2 million, making Minsk the 11th most populous city in Europe. Minsk is one of the administrative capitals of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). First documented in 1067, Minsk became the capital of the Principality of Minsk before being annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1242. It received town privileges in 1499. From 1569, it was the capital of the Minsk Voivodeship, an administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was part of a region annexed by the Russian Empire in 1793, as a consequence of the Second Partition of Poland. From 1919 to 1991, aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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