2002 Czech Senate Election
Senate elections were held in the Czech Republic on 25 and 26 October 2002, with a second round on 1 and 2 November.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p471 Voter turnout was just 24.1% in the first round and 31.7% in the second. The results saw the Civic Democratic Party emerge as the most successful party, winning nine seats. Independent candidates were also successful, winning eight seats. The parties of the former Four-Coalition were heavily defeated. Electoral system One third of the 81-member Senate is elected every two years, giving Senators six year terms. The seats are elected in single-member constituencies using the two-round system. Background Czech Social Democratic Party held 11 Seats in the elected part of Senate. Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party held second highest number of seats - 6. Both parties were part of governing coalition. Opposition Civic Democratic Party held only 5 Seats. Elec ...
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Social Democracy
Social democracy is a Political philosophy, political, Social philosophy, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating Economic interventionism, economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal-democratic polity and a capitalist-oriented mixed economy. The protocols and norms used to accomplish this involve a commitment to Representative democracy, representative and participatory democracy, measures for income redistribution, regulation of the economy in the Common good, general interest, and social welfare provisions. Due to longstanding governance by social democratic parties during the post-war consensus and their influence on socioeconomic policy in Northern and Western Europe, social democracy became associated with Keynesianism, the Nordic model, the social-liberal paradigm, and welfare states within po ...
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95 or 95th may refer to: * 95 (number) * one of the years 95 BC, AD 95, 1995, 2095, etc. * 95th Division (other) * 95th Regiment ** 95th Regiment of Foot (other) * 95th Squadron (other) * Atomic number 95: americium *Microsoft Office 95 * Saab 95 * Windows 95 See also * 9 to 5 (other) * * List of highways numbered A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...

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95 or 95th may refer to: * 95 (number) * one of the years 95 BC, AD 95, 1995, 2095, etc. * 95th Division (other) * 95th Regiment ** 95th Regiment of Foot (other) * 95th Squadron (other) * Atomic number 95: americium *Microsoft Office 95 * Saab 95 * Windows 95 See also * 9 to 5 (other) * * List of highways numbered A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...

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95 or 95th may refer to: * 95 (number) * one of the years 95 BC, AD 95, 1995, 2095, etc. * 95th Division (other) * 95th Regiment ** 95th Regiment of Foot (other) * 95th Squadron (other) * Atomic number 95: americium *Microsoft Office 95 * Saab 95 * Windows 95 See also * 9 to 5 (other) * * List of highways numbered A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...

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95 or 95th may refer to: * 95 (number) * one of the years 95 BC, AD 95, 1995, 2095, etc. * 95th Division (other) * 95th Regiment ** 95th Regiment of Foot (other) * 95th Squadron (other) * Atomic number 95: americium *Microsoft Office 95 * Saab 95 * Windows 95 See also * 9 to 5 (other) * * List of highways numbered A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...

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95 or 95th may refer to: * 95 (number) * one of the years 95 BC, AD 95, 1995, 2095, etc. * 95th Division (other) * 95th Regiment ** 95th Regiment of Foot (other) * 95th Squadron (other) * Atomic number 95: americium *Microsoft Office 95 * Saab 95 * Windows 95 See also * 9 to 5 (other) * * List of highways numbered A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...

Independent Politician
An independent or non-partisan politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent. Some politicians have political views that do not align with the platforms of any political party, and therefore choose not to affiliate with them. Some independent politicians may be associated with a party, perhaps as former members of it, or else have views that align with it, but choose not to stand in its name, or are unable to do so because the party in question has selected another candidate. Others may belong to or support a political party at the national level but believe they should not formally represent it (and thus be subject to its policies) at another level. In running for public office, independents sometimes choose to form a party or alliance with other independents, and may formally register their party or alliance. Even where the word "independent" is used, s ...
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Communism
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange which allocates products to everyone in the society.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." Communist society also involves the absence of private property, social classes, money, and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance, but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more vanguardist or communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional socialist st ...
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Communist Party Of Bohemia And Moravia
The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia ( cs, Komunistická strana Čech a Moravy, KSČM) is a communist party in the Czech Republic. As of 2021, KSČM has a membership of 28,715, and is a member party of The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL in the European Parliament, and an observer member of the European Left Party. Sources variously describe the party as either left wing or far left on the political spectrum. It is one of the few former ruling parties in post-Communist Central Eastern Europe to have not dropped the ''Communist'' title from its name, although it has changed its party program to adhere to laws adopted after 1989. For most of the first two decades after the Velvet Revolution, the party was politically isolated and accused of extremism, but it has moved closer to the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD). After the 2012 Czech regional elections, KSČM began governing in coalition with the ČSSD in 10 regions. It has never been part of a governi ...
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Jiřina Nováková
Jiřina is a Czech given name for females which may refer to: *Jiřina Bohdalová (b. 1931), actress and TV personality *Jiřina Hauková (1919–2005), poet and translator *Jirina Marton (born 1946), Czech-born Canadian artist and illustrator *Jiřina Nekolová (1931-2011), figure skater *Jiřina Petrovická (1923–2008), film actress *Jiřina Ptáčníková (b. 1986), pole vaulter *Jiřina Šejbalová (1905-1981) actress *Jiřina Steimarová (1916–2007), film and television actress *Jiřina Štěpničková (1912–1985), actress *Jiřina Švorcová (1928 –2011), actress and pro-Communist activist *Jiřina Třebická (1930– 2005), dancer and actress. See also *Jiří (other) *Jiri (other) Jiri is a village in Nepal. Jiri may also refer to: * Jiri-ye Sofla, a village in Iran * Jiří (other), the Czech name for George * Jairos Jiri (1921–1982), Zimbabwean philanthropist * Jiri River The Jiri River is a tributary of t ... {{DEFAULTSORT:J ...
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Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality and equality before the law."political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for conservatism and for tradition in general, tolerance, and ... individualism". John Dunn. ''Western Political Theory in the Face of the Future'' (1993). Cambridge University Press. . Liberals espouse various views depending on their understanding of these principles. However, they generally support private property, market economies, individual rights (including civil rights and human rights), liberal democracy, secularism, rule of law, economic and political freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religion. Liberalism is frequently cited as the dominant ideology of modern times.Wolfe, p. 23.Adams, p. 11. Liberalism became a distinct movement in the Age of Enlightenment, gaining popularity ...
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