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1st Parliament Of Turkey
The first parliament of Turkey existed from 23 April 1920 to 11 August 1923. This parliament existed before the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed. Background The parliament of the Ottoman Empire was in Constantinople (now Istanbul). But after the First World War, İstanbul was occupied by the Allies of World War I (United Kingdom, France and Italy). The Ottoman sultan was still living in his palace; but on 16 March 1920, the parliament was abolished by the Allies. Some MPs were arrested and later expelled to Malta. Ankara parliament The nationalists in Anatolia called for another parliament in Angora (now Ankara), which was not under Allied occupation. All former Ottoman MPs were invited to this parliament. Most MPs who were had not been arrested accepted the invitation and came to Angora. There were also new MPs which were elected in the 66 provinces. But due to time limitations and the fact that the most of the country was under Allied control, they were elected by the Turkish Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a East Thrace, small portion on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. Cyprus is located off the south coast. Turkish people, Turks form the vast majority of the nation's population and Kurds are the largest minority. Ankara is Turkey's capital, while Istanbul is its list of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city and financial centre. One of the world's earliest permanently Settler, settled regions, present-day Turkey was home to important Neol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafa Kemal Pasha
Mustafa ( ar, مصطفى , Muṣṭafā) is one of the names of Prophet Muhammad, and the name means "chosen, selected, appointed, preferred", used as an Arabic given name and surname. Mustafa is a common name in the Muslim world. Given name Moustafa * Moustafa Amar, Egyptian musician and actor * Moustafa Bayoumi, American writer * Moustafa Chousein-Oglou, English actor * Moustafa Farroukh, Lebanese painter * Moustafa Madbouly, Prime Minister of Egypt * Moustafa Al-Qazwini, an Islamic Scholar and religious leader * Moustafa Reyadh, Egyptian football player * Moustafa Shakosh, Syrian football player * Moustafa Ahmed Shebto, Qatari athlete Moustapha * Moustapha Akkad, Syrian American film producer * Moustapha Alassane, Nigerien filmmaker * Moustapha Agnidé, Beninese football player * Moustapha Lamrabat (born 1983), Moroccan-Flemish photographer * Moustapha Niasse, Senegalese politician and diplomat * Abdul Moustapha Ouedraogo, Ivorian football striker * Moustapha Bayal Sall, Sene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th Cabinet Of The Executive Ministers Of Turkey
The 4th cabinet of executive ministers of Turkey (12 July 1922- 4 August 1923 ) was the fourth government formed by the nationalists during the Turkish War of Independence. The Republic was not yet proclaimed and the government was called ' ("cabinet of executive ministers") Background The chairman of the cabinet (equivalent to prime minister) was Rauf Bey (later named Orbay) who had recently returned from Malta after being arrested by the Allies of World War I. Both Rauf Bey and the other members of the cabinet were elected by the parliament one by one. The government In the list below, the name in parathesis is the surname the cabinet members assumed later.(see Surname Law Surname law can refer to any law regulating the use of surnames. Canada From 1941 to 1978, the Government of Canada issued disc numbers to identify Inuit in their records. In the mid-1960s Project Surname began, and, headed by Abe Okpik, Inuit w ... of 1934) In this cabinet, İsmet (İnönü) was the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3rd Cabinet Of The Executive Ministers Of Turkey
The 3rd cabinet of executive ministers of Turkey (19 May 1921 – 9 July 1922 ) was the third government formed by the nationalists during the Turkish War of Independence. The Republic was not yet proclaimed and the government was called ' ("cabinet of executive ministers") Background The chairman of the cabinet (equivalent to prime minister) was Fevzi Pasha (later named Çakmak) who also acted as the Minister of Defense and later as the Minister of The Chief of staff after 3 August 1921. Both Fevzi Pasha and the other members of the cabinet were elected by the parliament one by one. Since Fevzi Pasha was also the chairman of the previous cabinet, this cabinet was a revision of the former cabinet. The government In the list below, the name in parathesis is the surname the cabinet members assumed later.(see Surname Law Surname law can refer to any law regulating the use of surnames. Canada From 1941 to 1978, the Government of Canada issued disc numbers to identify Inuit in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fevzi Pasha
Fevzi is the Turkish form of the Arabic name Fawzi (فوزيّ) meaning "triumph". It may refer to: Given name *Fevzi Çakmak (1876–1950), Turkish field marshal *Fevzi Davletov (born 1972), Uzbekistani footballer *Fevzi Elmas (born 1983), Turkish footballer *Fevzi Tuncay (born 1977), Turkish footballer *Fevzi Zemzem Fevzi Zemzem (27 June 1941 – 21 March 2022) was a Turkish professional footballer who played as a striker for Göztepe and the Turkey national team. Playing career Zemzem played for Göztepe for his entire fourteen-year professional care ... (born 1941), Turkish footballer {{given name Turkish masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2nd Cabinet Of The Executive Ministers Of Turkey
The 2nd cabinet of executive ministers of Turkey (24 January 1921 – 19 May 1921 ) was the second government formed by the nationalists during the Turkish War of Independence. The Republic was not yet proclaimed and the government was called ' ("cabinet of executive ministers"). Background The chairman of the cabinet (equivalent to prime minister) was Fevzi Pasha (later named Çakmak) who also acted as the Minister of Defense. Both Fevzi Pasha and the other members of the cabinet were elected by the parliament one by one. The government In the list below, the name in parathesis is the surname the cabinet members assumed later.(see Surname Law Surname law can refer to any law regulating the use of surnames. Canada From 1941 to 1978, the Government of Canada issued disc numbers to identify Inuit in their records. In the mid-1960s Project Surname began, and, headed by Abe Okpik, Inuit w ... of 1934). References {{Cabinets of Turkey 1921 establishments in the Ottoman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Cabinet Of The Executive Ministers Of Turkey
The 1st cabinet of executive ministers of Turkey (3 May 1920 – 24 January 1921 ) was the first government formed by the nationalists during the Turkish War of Independence. The Republic was not yet proclaimed and the government was called ' ("cabinet of executive ministers") Background The chairman of the cabinet (equivalent to prime minister) was Mustafa Kemal Pasha (later named Atatürk.) The other members of the cabinet were elected by the parliament one by one. The government In the list below, the name in parentheses is the surname the cabinet members assumed later (see Surname Law of 1934). Aftermath The chairman of the next cabinet was Fevzi Pasha who was the Minister of Defence in the first cabinet. After the proclamation of the Republic the Republican governments were renumbered beginning by 1st government of Turkey The 1st government of Turkey (30 October 1923 – 6 March 1924) was the first government formed in the Republic of Turkey. In reality, there were oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Lausanne
The Treaty of Lausanne (french: Traité de Lausanne) was a peace treaty negotiated during the Lausanne Conference of 1922–23 and signed in the Palais de Rumine, Lausanne, Switzerland, on 24 July 1923. The treaty officially settled the conflict that had originally existed between the Ottoman Empire and the Allied French Republic, British Empire, Kingdom of Italy, Empire of Japan, Kingdom of Greece, and the Kingdom of Romania since the onset of World War I. The original text of the treaty is in French. It was the result of a second attempt at peace after the failed and unratified Treaty of Sèvres, which aimed to divide Ottoman lands. The earlier treaty had been signed in 1920, but later rejected by the Turkish National Movement who fought against its terms. As a result of Greco-Turkish War, İzmir was retrieved and the Armistice of Mudanya was signed in October 1922. It provided for the Greek-Turkish population exchange and allowed unrestricted civilian passage through the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1923 Turkish General Election
General elections were held in Turkey in 1923.Myron E. Weiner, Ergun Özbudun (1987) ''Competitive Elections in Developing Countries'', Duke University Press, p337 The Association for Defence of National Rights (later Republican People's Party) was the only party in the country at the time. Electoral system The elections were held under the Ottoman electoral law passed in 1908, which provided for a two-stage process. In the first stage, voters elected secondary electors (one for the first 750 voters in a constituency, then one for every additional 500 voters). In the second stage the secondary electors elected the members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. However, a second law was passed on 3 April 1923 lowering the voting age to 18 and abolishing the tax-paying requirement.Weiner & Özbudun, p334 References {{Turkish elections, state=expanded General elections in Turkey General A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of highest military ranks, hig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Group (Turkey)
Second Group ( tr, İkinci Grup) was a short-term opposition in Turkish parliament in the 1922-23 term. Background During the Turkish War of Independence, Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk) had the support of Turkish nationalists, though they were not a politically coherent group. Among them there were soldiers, civilian intellectuals, local land owners, and religious leaders. Towards the end of the war, the difference in political views became apparent. In particular, the future of post-war Turkey was a big question. One important issue was the political status of Atatürk, who was just promoted to the commander in chief of the military forces just before the Battle of Sakarya on 5 August 1921. Atatürk was authorised to exercise the power of the parliament. The group The group was founded on 22 July 1922 during the discussion about the renewal of Atatürk's authorisation. They published their manifesto in the newspaper Tan which was owned by Ali Şükrü, an MP. They formed an oppos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Army
The Hellenic Army ( el, Ελληνικός Στρατός, Ellinikós Stratós, sometimes abbreviated as ΕΣ), formed in 1828, is the land force of Greece. The term ''Hellenic'' is the endogenous synonym for ''Greek''. The Hellenic Army is the largest of the three branches of the Hellenic Armed Forces, also constituted by the Hellenic Air Force (HAF) and the Hellenic Navy (HN). The army is commanded by the chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff (HAGS), which in turn is under the command of Hellenic National Defence General Staff (HNDGS). The motto of the Hellenic Army is ('Freedom stems from valour'), from Thucydides's '' History of the Peloponnesian War (2.43.4)'', a remembrance of the ancient warriors that defended Greek lands in old times. The Hellenic Army Emblem is the two-headed eagle with a Greek Cross escutcheon in the centre. The Hellenic Army is also the main contributor to, and "lead nation" of, the Balkan Battle Group, a combined-arms rapid-response force unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish War Of Independence
The Turkish War of Independence "War of Liberation", also known figuratively as ''İstiklâl Harbi'' "Independence War" or ''Millî Mücadele'' "National Struggle" (19 May 1919 – 24 July 1923) was a series of military campaigns waged by the Turkish National Movement after parts of the Ottoman Empire were occupied and partitioned following its defeat in World War I. These campaigns were directed against Greece in the west, Armenia in the east, France in the south, loyalists and separatists in various cities, and British and Ottoman troops around Constantinople (İstanbul). The ethnic demographics of the modern Turkish Republic were significantly impacted by the earlier Armenian genocide and the deportations of Greek-speaking, Orthodox Christian Rum people. The Turkish nationalist movement carried out massacres and deportations to eliminate native Christian populations—a continuation of the Armenian genocide and other ethnic cleansing operations during World War I. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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