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1999 Moldovan Constitutional Referendum
A consultative constitutional referendum was held in Moldova on 23 May 1999.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1330 It was initiated by President Petru Lucinschi and asked voters whether they approved of changing the system of government to a presidential system.Nohlen & Stöver, p1339 The proposal was approved by 64% of voters. However, the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova and the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms opposed Lucinschi, and were able to vote several constitutional changes through parliament on 5 July 2000. The changes reduced the powers of the president and strengthened the parliament and government.Nohlen & Stöver, p1318 Question Results References Moldova Constitutional A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moldova
Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The List of states with limited recognition, unrecognised state of Transnistria lies across the Dniester river on the country's eastern border with Ukraine. Moldova's Capital city, capital and largest city is Chișinău. Most of Moldovan territory was a part of the Principality of Moldavia from the 14th century until 1812, when it was Treaty of Bucharest (1812), ceded to the Russian Empire by the Ottoman Empire (to which Moldavia was a Vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, vassal state) and became known as Bessarabia. In 1856, southern Bessarabia was returned to Moldavia, which three years later united with Wallachia to form United Principalities, Romania, but Russian rule was restored over the whole of the region in 1878. During the 1917 Russian Revolution, B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books. IDEA Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petru Lucinschi
Petru Lucinschi (; born 27 January 1940) is a former Moldovan politician who was Moldova's second President (1997–2001). Biography Early life and education Petru Lucinschi was born on 27 January 1940 in Rădulenii Vechi village, Soroca County, Kingdom of Romania (now Florești district) into the family of Kirill Vasilievich Lucinschi. Lucinschi carries a transcribed version of the Polish surname Łuczyński, but has never publicly identified with a Polish heritage. In 1962, he graduated from Chisinau State University. During his studies, he was the secretary of the local Komsomol. From 1963 to 1964, he was engaged in Komsomol work in the Soviet Army. He has a PhD in Philosophy (1977) from the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. Career in the Communist Party In 1964, he was admitted to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. From 1971, Lucinschi was a member of the Executive Committee (Politburo) of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in Moldavian SSR. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidential System
A presidential system, or single executive system, is a form of government in which a head of government, typically with the title of president, leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch in systems that use separation of powers. This head of government is in most cases also the head of state. In a presidential system, the head of government is directly or indirectly elected by a group of citizens and is not responsible to the legislature, and the legislature cannot dismiss the president except in extraordinary cases. A presidential system contrasts with a parliamentary system, where the head of government comes to power by gaining the confidence of an elected legislature. Not all presidential systems use the title of ''president''. Likewise, the title is sometimes used by other systems. It originated from a time when such a person personally presided over the governing body, as with the President of the Continental Congress in the early United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Of Communists Of The Republic Of Moldova
The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Партидул Комуништилор дин Република Молдова, italic=no, Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova; russian: Партия коммунистов Республики Молдова, Partiya kommunistov Respubliki Moldova, PCRM) is a communist party in Moldova led by Vladimir Voronin. It is the only communist party to have held a majority government in the post-Soviet states. It has been variously described as communist, Moldovenist, and Russophile. Affiliated with the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union, it is also a member of the Party of the European Left and the International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties. In contrast to most like-minded left-wing and communist parties, especially in the Western world, the party has a conservative outlook on social issues, reflecting Voronin's views, severe restrictions on LGBT rights in Moldova, the count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alliance For Democracy And Reforms
The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (often abbreviated to ADR) was a governing coalition in Moldova between numerous non-Communist parties which had absolute majority in the Moldovan Parliament after the 1998 parliamentary election. The overall context At the legislative elections on March 22, 1998, the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) gained 40 of the 101 places in the Moldovan Parliament, but was reduced to opposition when an Alliance for Democracy and Reforms was formed by the Democratic Convention of Moldova (26 MPs), For a Democratic and Prosperous Moldova (24 MPs), and the Party of Democratic Forces (11 MPs). It is important that a former First Secretary of the Communist Party of Moldavia (PCM), Petru Lucinschi, was the President of Moldova during the activity of The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (ADR). Activity The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (ADR) government was formed as a result of complex negotiations between democratic pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 Referendums
File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Death and state funeral of King Hussein, funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major List of school shootings in the United States by death toll, school shootings in the United States; the Year 2000 problem ("Y2K"), perceived as a major concern in the lead-up to the year 2000; the Millennium Dome opens in London; online music downloading platform Napster is launched, soon a source of Online piracy, online piracy; NASA loses both the Mars Climate Orbiter and the Mars Polar Lander; a destroyed t-55, T-55 tank near Prizren during the Kosovo War., 300x300px, thumb rect 0 0 200 200 Death and state funeral of King Hussein rect 200 0 400 200 1999 İzmit earthquake rect 400 0 600 200 Columbine High School massacre rect 0 200 300 400 Kosovo War rect 300 200 600 400 Year 2000 problem rect 0 400 200 600 Mars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 In Moldova
Events in the year 1999 in Moldova. Incumbents * President – Petru Lucinschi * Prime Minister – Ion Ciubuc, Ion Sturza, Dumitru Braghiș * President of the Parliament – Dumitru Diacov Events May * May 11 - The 22nd Peacekeeping Battalion is founded. * May 23 - A nationwide constitutional referendum; Local elections take place. June * June 7 - The Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu State University is founded in Cahul. August * August 15 - The Republican Party of Moldova is founded. September * September 1 - Prime is established. * September 3 - ProTV Chișinău is established. * September 25 - The Labour Party is founded. October * October 22 - Taraclia County is established. References {{Year in Europe, 1999 1990s in Moldova Moldova Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referendums In Moldova
Moldova elects a legislature at national level. The Parliament (''Parlamentul'') has 101 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation with a 6% electoral threshold. The President used to be elected for a four-year term by a constitutional majority of 60% members of the Parliament, but a Constitutional Court's ruling on 4 March 2016, reverted the election method of the President to a two-round system direct election. Parliamentary elections * 1917 Sfatul Țării election * 1941 Moldavian Supreme Soviet election * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1946 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1950 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1954 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1958 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1962 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1966 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1970 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1974 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1979 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1984 * 1990 Moldavian Supreme Soviet election * 1994 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
