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1991 Floreat State By-election
The 1991 Floreat state by-election was a by-election for the seat of Floreat in the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia held on 20 July 1991. It was triggered by the resignation of Andrew Mensaros (the sitting Liberal member) on 16 May 1991, due to ill health. He died before the by-election was held. The election was won by an independent candidate, Liz Constable, who finished with 58.94 percent of the two-candidate-preferred vote. Constable became the first woman to win election to the Parliament of Western Australia as an independent (although not the first to sit as an independent – Pam Buchanan had resigned from the Labor Party earlier in the year), and only the third woman overall to win a by-election (after May Holman in 1925 and Judy Edwards in 1990). Background Andrew Mensaros, a Hungarian immigrant, had held Floreat for the Liberal Party since the seat's creation at the 1968 state election. He served as a minister in the governments of Sir Charles Court and Ray ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
By-election
A by-election, also known as a special election in the United States and the Philippines, a bye-election in Ireland, a bypoll in India, or a Zimni election (Urdu: ضمنی انتخاب, supplementary election) in Pakistan, is an election used to fill an office that has become vacant between general elections. A vacancy may arise as a result of an incumbent dying or resigning, or when the incumbent becomes ineligible to continue in office (because of a recall, election or appointment to a prohibited dual mandate, criminal conviction, or failure to maintain a minimum attendance), or when an election is invalidated by voting irregularities. In some cases a vacancy may be filled without a by-election or the office may be left vacant. Origins The procedure for filling a vacant seat in the House of Commons of England was developed during the Reformation Parliament of the 16th century by Thomas Cromwell; previously a seat had remained empty upon the death of a member. Cromwell de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perth
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia, with most of the metropolitan area on the Swan Coastal Plain between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp. The city has expanded outward from the original British settlements on the Swan River, upon which the city's central business district and port of Fremantle are situated. Perth is located on the traditional lands of the Whadjuk Noongar people, where Aboriginal Australians have lived for at least 45,000 years. Captain James Stirling founded Perth in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony. It was named after the city of Perth in Scotland, due to the influence of Stirling's patron Sir George Murray, who had connections with the area. It gained city statu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Western Australian State By-elections
The list of Western Australia state by-elections includes every by-election held in the Australian state of Western Australia. By-elections occur whenever there is a vacancy in the Legislative Assembly (or, historically, the Legislative Council), although an imminent state election may allow the vacancy to remain until the dissolution of parliament. Section 67 of the ''Electoral Act 1907'' requires the Speaker to issue a writ for a by-election to fill the vacancy. This can either take place after a resolution of the House if Parliament is in session, or simply upon the cause being established by the Speaker acting alone if the Parliament is in adjournment for more than 7 days. Causes A by-election occurs whenever there is a vacancy in the Legislative Assembly. Vacancies can occur for the following reasons, according to Section 38 of the ''Constitution Acts Amendment Act 1899''. The member: * Is no longer eligible to sit—for example, leaving the State. This historically occ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1991 Geraldton State By-election
The 1991 Geraldton state by-election was a by-election for the Electoral district of Geraldton, seat of Geraldton in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, Legislative Assembly of Western Australia held on 20 July 1991. It was triggered by the resignation of Jeff Carr (Australian politician), Jeff Carr (the sitting Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch), Labor member) on 28 February 1991, due to his expulsion from cabinet. The election was won by the Liberal Party of Australia (Western Australian Division), Liberal candidate, Bob Bloffwitch, who won 51.4 percent of the two-candidate-preferred (2CP) vote. The National Party of Australia (WA), National Party also made the final 2CP count, despite having not stood a candidate in Geraldton since the 1974 Western Australian state election, 1974 state election, whereas Labor slumped to just 16.6 percent on first preferences, a swing of 31 points from the 1989 Western Australian state election, 1989 state election. Backg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1996 Australian Federal Election
The 1996 Australian federal election was held to determine the members of the Chronology of Australian federal parliaments, 38th Parliament of Australia. It was held on 2 March 1996. All 148 seats of the Australian House of Representatives, House of Representatives and 40 seats of the 76-seat Australian Senate, Senate were up for election. The centre-right Coalition (Australia), Liberal/National Coalition led by List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition, Opposition Leader John Howard of the Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal Party and coalition partner Tim Fischer of the National Party of Australia, National Party defeated the incumbent centre-left Australian Labor Party government led by Prime Minister of Australia, Prime Minister Paul Keating in a landslide victory. The election marked the end of the 5-term, 13-year Hawke-Keating Government that began in 1983 Australian federal election, 1983. Howard was sworn in as the new Prime Minister of Australia on 11 March 1996, alo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Senate
The Senate is the upper house of the Bicameralism, bicameral Parliament of Australia, the lower house being the House of Representatives (Australia), House of Representatives. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Chapter I of the Constitution of Australia. There are a total of 76 senators: 12 are elected from each of the six states and territories of Australia, Australian states regardless of population and 2 from each of the two autonomous internal states and territories of Australia, Australian territories (the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory). Senators are popularly elected under the single transferable vote system of proportional representation. Unlike upper houses in other Westminster system, Westminster-style parliamentary systems, the Senate is vested with significant powers, including the capacity to reject all bills, including budget and appropriation bills, initiated by the government in the House of Representatives, maki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2013 Western Australian State Election
The 2013 Western Australian state election was held on Saturday 9 March 2013 to elect 59 members to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, Legislative Assembly and 36 members to the Western Australian Legislative Council, Legislative Council. The Liberal Party of Australia (Western Australian Division), Liberal Party won a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly for the first time since the 1996 Western Australian state election, election of 1996, retaining government with 31 seats. The Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch), Labor Party won 21 seats and the National Party of Australia (WA), National Party won 7 seats. In the Legislative Council, the Liberals won 17 of the 36 seats. Results Legislative Assembly Legislative Council Summary of Assembly results Seats changing parties * Members listed in italics did not contest their seat at this election. * * figure is vs. Liberal * ** figure is vs. Labor * *** figure is vs. N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral District Of Churchlands
Churchlands is a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. Churchlands is named for the western suburb of Churchlands which falls within its borders, and was created at the 1994 redistribution, replacing the seat of Floreat which had existed since 1968. It was held for most of its history by Liz Constable, the independent former member for Floreat who had won the predecessor seat in a 1991 by-election. However, the seat's demographics suggested it was a strongly Liberal seat on paper, and it was taken for granted Constable would be succeeded by a Liberal once she retired. Constable retired at the 2013 election, and was succeeded as expected by Liberal Sean L'Estrange. L'Estrange held the seat until his unexpected defeat by Christine Tonkin in 2021. Demographics Churchlands and the neighbouring electorates of Nedlands to the southeast and Cottesloe to the southwest comprise the affluent western suburbs of Perth—the Australian Bureau of Statistic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1996 Western Australian State Election
Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 14 December 1996 to elect all 57 members to the Legislative Assembly and all 34 members to the Legislative Council. The Liberal–National coalition government, led by Premier Richard Court, won a second term in office against the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Dr Geoff Gallop since 15 October 1996. The election resulted in the Liberals winning an outright majority for the first time in Western Australia's history. Although Court did not need the support of the Nationals, the coalition was retained. Meanwhile, Labor attracted its lowest share of the primary vote since 1901. Results Legislative Assembly Notes: : At the 1993 election, Liberal Party member Phillip Pendal won the South Perth seat, whilst Labor Party member Ernie Bridge won Kimberley. Both members resigned from their parties during the term of parliament, and won their seats as independents in 1996. Legislative Council ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1993 Western Australian State Election
Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 6 February 1993 to elect all 57 members to the Legislative Assembly and all 34 members to the Legislative Council. The three-term Labor government, led by Premier Dr Carmen Lawrence since 12 February 1990, was defeated by the Liberal-National coalition, led by Opposition Leader Richard Court since 12 May 1992. Results Legislative Assembly Notes: : Andrew Mensaros, the former Liberal member for Floreat, resigned from parliament on 16 May 1991 due to ill health. Dr Liz Constable, who had Mensaros's support, ran as an Independent against the endorsed Liberal candidate in the resulting by-election on 20 July 1991, and won. Legislative Council Seats changing parties * Members listed in italics did not contest their seat at this election. Post-election pendulum See also * Candidates of the 1993 Western Australian state election The 1993 Western Australian state election was held on 6 Feb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dick Old
Richard Charles Old (3 December 1922 – 29 June 2007) was an Australian politician who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1974 to 1986. He was state leader of the National Country Party (NCP) from 1975 to 1985, and served as a minister in the governments of Charles Court and Ray O'Connor. Early life Old was born in Katanning, Western Australia, to Vera Anne (née Cornish) and James William Old. His uncle, Cyril Cornish, was also a member of parliament. After leaving school, Old began working for Goldsbrough Mort & Co., an agricultural retailer. He enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) in 1941, and during the war served on airbases in North-West Australia (including Corunna Downs Airfield) as a wireless operator. After being discharged in 1945, Old returned to Goldsbrough Mort as a manager, working for periods in Perth, Midland, Corrigin, and Moora. He managed a machinery company in Mingenew from 1953 to 1956, and then returned t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branch Stacking
A branch, sometimes called a ramus in botany, is a woody structural member connected to the central trunk of a tree (or sometimes a shrub). Large branches are known as boughs and small branches are known as twigs. The term ''twig'' usually refers to a terminus, while ''bough'' refers only to branches coming directly from the trunk. Due to a broad range of species of trees, branches and twigs can be found in many different shapes and sizes. While branches can be nearly horizontal, vertical, or diagonal, the majority of trees have upwardly diagonal branches. A number of mathematical properties are associated with tree branchings; they are natural examples of fractal patterns in nature, and, as observed by Leonardo da Vinci, their cross-sectional areas closely follow the da Vinci branching rule. Terminology Because of the enormous quantity of branches in the world, there are numerous names in English alone for them. In general however, unspecific words for a branch (such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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