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1975 Establishments In Australia
It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman are found guilty of the Watergate cover-up. * January 2 ** The Federal Rules of Evidence are approved by the United States Congress. ** Bangladesh revolutionary leader Siraj Sikder is killed by police while in custody. ** A bomb blast at Samastipur, Bihar, India, fatally wounds Lalit Narayan Mishra, Minister of Railways. * January 5 – Tasman Bridge disaster: The Tasman Bridge in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, is struck by the bulk ore carrier , killing 12 people. * January 7 – OPEC agrees to raise crude oil prices by 10%. * January 10–February 9 – The flight of '' Soyuz 17'' with the crew of Georgy Grechko and Aleksei Gubarev aboard the '' Salyut 4'' space station. * January 15 – Alvor Agr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Women's Year
International Women's Year (IWY) was the name given to 1975 by the United Nations. Since that year March 8 has been celebrated as International Women's Day, and the United Nations Decade for Women, from 1976 to 1985, was also established. History After years of work by the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) to adopt a declaration to eliminate discrimination against women, in 1965, CSW began working in earnest to obtain passage of a declaration to secure women's human rights. Collating responses covering education, employment, inheritance, penal reform, and other issues, from government actors, NGO representatives and UN staff, CSW delegates drafted the Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (DEDAW), which was passed by the General Assembly on 7 November 1967. Once support had been garnered for the declaration, the next step was to prepare it to become a Treaty, Convention. Though there were delays, by 1972, when the United States Congre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tasman Bridge
The Tasman Bridge is a bridge that carries the Tasman Highway over the Derwent River in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Including approaches, the bridge has a total length of and it provides the main traffic route from the Hobart city centre (on the western shore) to the eastern shore. The bridge has a separated pedestrian footway on each side. There is no dedicated lane for bicycles; however, steps to the pedestrian footway were replaced with ramps in 2010. History In the 1950s with the development of the Eastern shore, it was decided to build a larger bridge; the old Hobart Bridge faced increasing difficulty in managing the larger volumes of traffic that came with development, and constantly raising the lift span for shipping was disruptive. In November 1959 Reed & Mallik were awarded a contract to build the bridge. Construction commenced in May 1960 and the first two lanes bridge opened on 18 August 1964. The other two lanes opened on 23 December 1964. It was officia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alvor Agreement
The Alvor Agreement, signed on 15 January 1975 in Alvor, Portugal, granted Angola independence from Portugal on 11 November and formally ended the 13-year-long Angolan War of Independence. The agreement was signed by the Portuguese government, the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA), National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), and it established a transitional government composed of representatives of those four parties. It was not signed by the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) or the Eastern Revolt as the other parties excluded them from negotiations. The transitional government soon fell apart, with each of the nationalist factions, distrustful of the others and unwilling to share power, attempting to take control of the country by force. This initiated the Angolan Civil War. The name of the agreement comes from the village of Alvor, in the southern Portuguese re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 15
Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. *1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of New France (Canada) and provide for the spread of the "Holy Catholic faith". *1559 – Elizabeth I is crowned Queen of England in Westminster Abbey, London. * 1582 – Truce of Yam-Zapolsky: Russia cedes Livonia to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. 1601–1900 * 1759 – The British Museum opens to the public. * 1777 – American Revolutionary War: New Connecticut (present-day Vermont) declares its independence. * 1782 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris addresses the U.S. Congress to recommend establishment of a national mint and decimal coinage. * 1815 – War of 1812: American frigate , commanded by Commodore Stephen Decatur, is captured by a squadron of four British frigates. * 1818 – A p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salyut 4
Salyut 4 (DOS 4) (russian: Салют-4; English translation: Salute 4) was a Salyut space station launched on December 26, 1974 into an orbit with an apogee of 355 km, a perigee of 343 km and an orbital inclination of 51.6 degrees. It was essentially a copy of the DOS 3 (or Kosmos 557), and unlike its ill-fated sibling it was a complete success. Three crews attempted to make stays aboard Salyut 4 ( Soyuz 17 and Soyuz 18 docked; Soyuz 18a suffered a launch abort). The second stay was for 63 days duration, and an unmanned capsule, called Soyuz 20, remained docked to the station for three months, proving the system's long-term durability despite some deterioration of the environmental system during Soyuz 18's mission. Salyut 4 was deorbited February 2, 1977, and re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on February 3. Description Salyut 4 represented the second phase of DOS civilian space station. Although the basic design of Salyut 1 was retained, it switched to three larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksei Gubarev
Aleksei Aleksandrovich Gubarev (russian: Алексе́й Алекса́ндрович Гу́барев; 29 March 1931 – 21 February 2015) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on two space flights: Soyuz 17 and Soyuz 28. Biography Gubarev graduated from the Soviet Naval Aviation School in 1952 and went on to serve with the Soviet Air Force. He undertook further studies at the Gagarin Air Force Academy before being accepted into the space programme. He was originally trained for the Soviet lunar programme and for military Soyuz flights before training for Salyut missions. His next mission, in 1978, was Soyuz 28, the first Interkosmos flight, where he was accompanied by Vladimír Remek from Czechoslovakia. In 1971, he became backup commander for the ill-fated Soyuz 11 mission, which killed the three-man crew when the craft depressurized in space. He resigned as a cosmonaut in 1981 and took up an administrative position at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre. In the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgy Grechko
Georgy Mikhaylovich Grechko (russian: Георгий Михайлович Гречко; 25 May 1931 – 8 April 2017) was a Soviet cosmonaut. He flew to space on three missions, each bound for rendezvous with a different Salyut space station.Умер космонавт Георгий Гречко tass.ru (8 April 2017) Soyuz 17 was the first crewed vehicle to visit , Soyuz 26 was the first crewed vehicle to visit Salyut 6, and [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soyuz 17
Soyuz 17 (russian: Союз 17, ''Union 17'') was the first of two long-duration missions to the Soviet Union's Salyut 4 space station in 1975. The flight by cosmonauts Aleksei Gubarev and Georgy Grechko set a Soviet mission-duration record of 29 days, surpassing the 23-day record set by the ill-fated Soyuz 11 crew aboard Salyut 1 in 1971. Crew Backup crew Reserve crew Mission parameters *Mass: *Perigee: *Apogee: *Inclination: 51.6° *Period: 91.7 minutes Mission highlights Salyut 4 was launched 26 December 1974, and Soyuz 17, with cosmonauts Georgy Grechko and Aleksei Gubarev as its first crew, was launched 16 days later on 10 January 1975. Gubarev manually docked Soyuz 17 to the station on 12 January 1975, and upon entering the new station he and Grechko found a note from its builders which said, "Wipe your feet"! Salyut 4 was in an unusually high circular orbit of when Soyuz 17 docked with the station. Salyut designer Konstantin Feoktistov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
February 9
Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. *1539 – The first recorded race is held on Chester Racecourse, known as the Roodee. * 1555 – Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake. 1601–1900 * 1621 – Gregory XV becomes Pope, the last Pope elected by acclamation. * 1654 – The Capture of Fort Rocher takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War. * 1775 – American Revolutionary War: The British Parliament declares Massachusetts in rebellion. * 1778 – Rhode Island becomes the fourth US state to ratify the Articles of Confederation. * 1788 – The Habsburg Empire joins the Russo-Turkish War in the Russian camp. * 1822 – Haiti attacks the newly established Dominican Republic on the other side of the island of Hispaniola. * 1825 – After no candidate receives a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 10
Events Pre-1600 * 49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the beginning of his own, the Xin dynasty. * 69 – Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus is appointed by Galba as deputy Roman Emperor. * 236 – Pope Fabian succeeds Anterus to become the twentieth pope of Rome. * 1072 – Robert Guiscard conquers Palermo in Sicily for the Normans. * 1430 – Philip the Good, the Duke of Burgundy, establishes the Order of the Golden Fleece, the most prestigious, exclusive, and expensive order of chivalry in the world. * 1475 – Stephen III of Moldavia defeats the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vaslui. 1601–1900 * 1645 – Archbishop William Laud is beheaded for treason at the Tower of London. * 1776 – American Revolution: Thomas Paine publishes his pamphlet ''Comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crude Oil
Petroleum, also known as crude oil, or simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations. The name ''petroleum'' covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil and petroleum products that consist of refined crude oil. A fossil fuel, petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, mostly zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and subjected to both prolonged heat and pressure. Petroleum is primarily recovered by oil drilling. Drilling is carried out after studies of structural geology, sedimentary basin analysis, and reservoir characterisation. Recent developments in technologies have also led to exploitation of other unconventional reserves such as oil sands and oil shale. Once extracted, oil is refined and separated, most easily by distillation, into innumerable products for direct use or use in manufacturing. Products include fuels such as gasoli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OPEC
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC, ) is a cartel of countries. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC member state. , the 13 member countries accounted for an estimated 44 percent of global oil production and 81.5 % of the world's proven oil reserves, giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by the so-called " Seven Sisters" grouping of multinational oil companies. The formation of OPEC marked a turning point toward national sovereignty over natural resources, and OPEC decisions have come to play a prominent role in the global oil market and international relations. The effect can be particularly strong when wars or civil disorders lead to extended interruptions in supply. In the 1970s, restrictions in oil production led to a dramatic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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