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1966 Anti-cow Slaughter Agitation
On 7 November 1966, a group of Hindu protestors, led by ascetics, naga sadhus and backed by Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Bharatiya Jana Sangh (aka Jan Sangh), approached the Indian Parliament to protest to criminalize cow slaughter. The incident resulted in a riot which ended with a death toll of 8 people and hundreds were injured. The total damage was estimated at about 1 billion rupees by city officials; numerous vehicles were destroyed, along with numerous shops. The episode was the culmination of a long-term movement by the Hindu Right to protect the cow, a traditional symbol of reverence in Hindu society . A meeting in late 1965 involving lobbying groups, naga sadhus and many religious dharma acharyas and influential Hindu religious orders initiated a year-long program of demonstrations and picketing, culminating in the planned march to the Parliament. Jan Sangh was a participant in the march. The march attracted hundreds of thousands of people for that peaceful marc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hindus
Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for people living in the Indian subcontinent. The term ''"Hindu"'' traces back to Old Persian which derived these names from the Sanskrit name ''Sindhu'' (सिन्धु ), referring to the river Indus. The Greek cognates of the same terms are "''Indus''" (for the river) and "''India''" (for the land of the river). The term "''Hindu''" also implied a geographic, ethnic or cultural identifier for people living in the Indian subcontinent around or beyond the Indus River, Sindhu (Indus) River. By the 16th century CE, the term began to refer to residents of the subcontinent who were not Turkic peoples, Turkic or Muslims. Hindoo is an archaic spelling variant, whose use today is considered derogatory. The historical development of Hindu self-i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arya Samaj
Arya Samaj ( hi, आर्य समाज, lit=Noble Society, ) is a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas. The samaj was founded by the sannyasa, sannyasi (ascetic) Dayanand Saraswati on 7 April 1875. Arya Samaj was the first Hindu organization to introduce Proselytism, proselytization in Hinduism. The organization has also worked towards the growth of civil rights movement in India since 1800s. Dayananda Saraswati and Foundation The Arya Samaj was established in Bombay on 10 April 1875 by Dayananda Saraswati (born ''Mool Shankar Tiwari)''.E News Aryasamaj website 2 March 2010. Retrieved 3 February 2017 An alternative date for the foundation of the samaj is 24 June 1877 because it was then, in Lahore when the Samaj became more than ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shankaracharya
Shankaracharya ( sa, शङ्कराचार्य, , "Adi Shankara, Shankara-''acharya''") is a religious title used by the heads of amnaya monasteries called mathas in the Advaita Vedanta tradition of Hinduism. The title derives from Adi Shankara; teachers from the successive line of teachers retrospectively dated back to him are known as Shankaracharyas. Establishment of the tradition According to a tradition developed in the 16th century, Adi Shankara set up four monasteries known as Mathas or Peethams, in the North, South, East and West of India, to be held by realised men who would be known as Shankaracharyas. They would take on the role of teacher and could be consulted by anyone with sincere queries of a spiritual nature. Another monastery Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham, Kanchi Kamkoti Peeth in south India also derives its establishment and tradition to Adi Shankara, however its heads are called "Acharya" or "Jagadguru" instead of "Shankaracharya". The table below gives ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaivism
Shaivism (; sa, शैवसम्प्रदायः, Śaivasampradāyaḥ) is one of the major Hindu traditions, which worships Shiva as the Supreme Being. One of the largest Hindu denominations, it incorporates many sub-traditions ranging from devotional dualistic theism such as Shaiva Siddhanta to yoga-orientated monistic non-theism such as Kashmiri Shaivism.Ganesh Tagare (2002), The Pratyabhijñā Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass, , pages 16–19 It considers both the Vedas and the Agama texts as important sources of theology.Mariasusai Dhavamony (1999), Hindu Spirituality, Gregorian University and Biblical Press, , pages 31–34 with footnotesMark Dyczkowski (1989), The Canon of the Śaivāgama, Motilal Banarsidass, , pages 43–44 Shaivism developed as an amalgam of pre-Vedic religions and traditions derived from the southern Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta traditions and philosophies, which were assimilated in the non-Vedic Shiva-tradition. In the process of Sanskritisa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vishva Hindu Parishad
The Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP) () is an Indian right-wing Hindu organization based on Hindu nationalism. The VHP was founded in 1964 by M. S. Golwalkar and S. S. Apte in collaboration with Swami Chinmayananda. Its stated objective is "to organise, consolidate the Hindu society and to serve and protect the Hindu Dharma". It was established to construct and renovate Hindu temples, and deal with matters of cow slaughter and religious conversion. The VHP is a member of the Sangh Parivar group, the family of Hindu nationalist organisations led by the RSS. The VHP has been criticized for contributing to violence against Muslims in India, most notably for its role in the demolition of the Babri Masjid in 1992 over the Ayodhya dispute. History The VHP was founded in 1964 by RSS leaders M. S. Golwalkar and S. S. Apte in collaboration with the Hindu spiritual leader Chinmayananda Saraswati. According to Chinmayananda, the objective of the VHP was to awaken Hindus to their pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad (RRP, "All India Council of Ram's Kingdom") was an Indian Hindu nationalist political party founded by Swami Karpatri in 1948. The RRP won three Lok Sabha seats in the 1952 elections to the national Parliament and two in 1962. In 1952, 1957 and 1962, it won several dozen Vidhan Sabha seats, all in the Hindi belt, mostly in Rajasthan. Like other Hindutva-based parties, the RRP fought against the implementation of the Hindu code bills in India. The party eventually merged into the Jana Sangh, the precursor to the Bharatiya Janata Party The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP; ; ) is a political party in India, and one of the two major Indian political parties alongside the Indian National Congress. Since 2014, it has been the ruling political party in India under Narendra Modi .... Notes References * Indian Hindu political parties Defunct political parties in India Political parties established in 1948 1948 establishments in India P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hindu Mahasabha
The Hindu Mahasabha (officially Akhil Bhārat Hindū Mahāsabhā, ) is a Hindu nationalist political party in India. Founded in 1915, the Mahasabha functioned mainly as a pressure group advocating the interests of orthodox Hindus before the British Raj and within the Indian National Congress. In the 1930s, it emerged as a distinct party under the leadership of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, who developed the far-right ideology of Hindutva (Hindu-ness) and became a fierce opponent of the secular nationalism espoused by the Congress. During the Second World War, the Mahasabha supported the British war effort and briefly entered coalitions with the Muslim League in provincial and central councils. This was the time when Communist Party of India members were spying for the British Government and even major Congress leaders like Mahatma Gandhi were also in favor of supporting Britain against the fascist aggression. The party opposed the 1947 partition of India and sought the establishmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mauli Chandra Sharma
Mauli Chandra Sharma (M. C. Sharma) was a senior Indian politician, originally of the Indian National Congress. He was a founding member of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, serving as its Vice-President and President, before being forced out by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh activists in the party in 1954. Life and early career M. C. Sharma is the son of Pandit Din Dayal Sharma, a sanathanist Sanskrit scholar, promoter of the Hindu Mahasabha in the 1920s and an associate of Madan Mohan Malaviya. Mauli Chandra grew up in Delhi and attended the Hindu College. He went on to study law, but gave that up in 1923 to join political activity. Sharma had been a member of the Indian National Congress up to the time of independence. He worked as the Chief Minister of a princely state and as the Secretary to the Chancellor of the Chamber of Princes. He attended the Round Table Conference in London in 1930 and 1931 as a member of the States delegation. After 1947, he was active in the politic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramkrishna Dalmia
Dalmia Bharat Group, (DBG) is an Indian conglomerate company, which trace their origin to the businesses established by ''Ramkrishna Dalmia'' and Jaidayal Dalmia. The Dalmia brothers established a business conglomerate in eastern India, in the first half of the 20th century. In the 1930s, the group merged with the businesses of the Sahu Jain Family to form the Dalmia-Jain Group. In 1948, the two families decided to split the businesses; the Dalmia businesses were further divided between Ramkrishna and Jaidayal. Today, a number of companies and conglomerates trace their origin to the original Dalmia businesses; these include Dalmia Brothers, which is now managed by Vishnu Hari Dalmia's sons, Sanjay Dalmia and Anurag Dalmia; Dalmia Bharat Group, which is managed by Gautam Dalmia & Puneet Dalmia; Renaissance Group; and their subsidiaries. History The Dalmia Group of companies traces its origins to Ramkrishna Dalmia and Jaidayal Dalmia. The two brothers were born in the prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jawaharlal Nehru
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (; ; ; 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democrat— * * * * and author who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20th century. Nehru was a principal leader of the Indian nationalist movement in the 1930s and 1940s. Upon India's independence in 1947, he served as the country's prime minister for 16 years. Nehru promoted parliamentary democracy, secularism, and science and technology during the 1950s, powerfully influencing India's arc as a modern nation. In international affairs, he steered India clear of the two blocs of the Cold War. A well-regarded author, his books written in prison, such as ''Letters from a Father to His Daughter'' (1929), '' An Autobiography'' (1936) and ''The Discovery of India'' (1946), have been read around the world. During his lifetime, the honorific Pandit was commonly applied before his name in India and even today too. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Savarna
''Savarna'' is a genus of Southeast Asian cellar spiders that was first described by B. A. Huber in 2005. Species it contains ten species, found only in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand: *''Savarna bannang'' – Yao & Li, 2020 – Thailand *''Savarna chiangmai'' – Yao & Li, 2020 – Thailand *''Savarna huahin'' – Yao & Li, 2020 – Thailand *''Savarna kaeo'' – Huber, Petcharad & Bumrungsri, 2015 – Thailand *''Savarna kraburiensis'' – Wongprom & Wiwatwitaya, 2015 – Thailand *''Savarna miser'' – (Bristowe, 1952) – Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra) *''Savarna satun'' – Yao & Li, 2020 – Thailand *''Savarna tesselata'' – (Simon, 1901) – Thailand *''Savarna thaleban'' – Huber, 2005 ( type) – Thailand *''Savarna thungsong'' – Yao & Li, 2020 – Thailand See also * List of Pholcidae species This page lists all described genera and species of the spider family Pholcidae. , the World Spider Catalog accepts 1820 species in 94 genera: A ''Aetana'' ''Aetana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directive Principles
The Directive Principles of State Policy of India are the guidelines to be followed by the government of India for the governance of the country. They are not enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down there in are considered 'Fundamental' in the governance of the country, which makes it the duty of the StateThe term "State" includes all authorities within the territorial periphery of India: the Government of India, the Parliament of India, the Government and legislature of the states of India. To avoid confusion with the term states and territories of India, State (encompassing all the authorities in India) has been capitalized, and the term state is in lower case. to apply these principles in making laws to establish a just society in the country. The principles have been inspired by the Directive Principles given in the Constitution of Ireland which are related to social justice, economic welfare, foreign policy, and legal and administrative matters. Direc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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