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1960 Burmese General Election
General elections were held in Burma on 6 February 1960 to install a government to take over from General Ne Win's interim administration, established in October 1958. The military-led administration was credited for bringing stability and improving infrastructure in the country, though it suppressed some civil liberties. The elections were seen as not so much a contest between the Clean AFPFL of U Nu against the Stable AFPFL of Kyaw Nyein and Ba Swe, but a referendum on the policies of the interim military government between 1958 and 1960. The result was a victory for the Clean AFPFL, which won 157 of the 250 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. The elections set a precedent to other Middle Eastern and South Asian leaders, where the military voluntarily handed over to a civilian government and held free elections. However, only two years after his election victory, U Nu was overthrown in a coup d'état led by General Ne Win on 2 March 1962. Campaign The Clean AFPFL, led by U Nu, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Of Deputies (Burma)
The Chamber of Deputies ( my, ပြည်သူ့လွှတ်တော်) was the lower house of the bicameral Union Parliament of Burma (Myanmar) from 1948 to 1962. Under the 1947 Constitution, bills initiated and passed by the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies, were to be sent to the Chamber of Nationalities for review and revision. The Chamber of Deputies had a number of seats constitutionally allocated at twice the number of the Chamber of Nationalities The Chamber of Nationalities ( my, လူမျိုးစုလွှတ်တော်) was the upper house of the bicameral Union Parliament of Burma (Myanmar) from 1948 to 1962. Under the 1947 Constitution, bills initiated and passed by the .... Speakers of the Chamber of Deputies References * {{Legislatures of Burma Legislatures of Myanmar 1948 establishments in Burma 1962 disestablishments in Burma Defunct lower houses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neutrality (international Relations)
A neutral country is a state that is neutral towards belligerents in a specific war or holds itself as permanently neutral in all future conflicts (including avoiding entering into military alliances such as NATO, CSTO or the SCO). As a type of non-combatant status, nationals of neutral countries enjoy protection under the law of war from belligerent actions to a greater extent than other non-combatants such as enemy civilians and prisoners of war. Different countries interpret their neutrality differently: some, such as Costa Rica, have demilitarized, while Switzerland holds to "armed neutrality", to deter aggression with a sizeable military, while barring itself from foreign deployment. Not all neutral countries avoid any foreign deployment or alliances, as Austria and Ireland have active UN peacekeeping forces and a political alliance within the European Union. Sweden's traditional policy was not to participate in military alliances, with the intention of staying neutral in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chin National Organisation
The Chin National Organisation was a political party in Burma Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai .... History Allied with the Clean AFPFL, the party contested the 1960 general elections, winning a single seat.Haruhiro Fukui (1985) ''Political parties of Asia and the Pacific'', Greenwood Press, p126 References {{Burmese political parties Defunct political parties in Myanmar Political parties with year of disestablishment missing Political parties with year of establishment missing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Educational And Cultural Development Organisation
The People's Educational and Cultural Development Organisation ( my, ပြည်သူ့ ယဉ်ကျေးမှုနှင့် တိုးတက် ကြီးပွားရေးအဖွဲ့; PEDCO) was a political party in Burma. History The party was established in 1953 by Sima Duwa, a traditional Kachin leader.Haruhiro Fukui (1985) ''Political parties of Asia and the Pacific'', Greenwood Press, p145 It became loosely affiliated with the ruling Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL), and received 1.3% of the vote in the 1956 general elections, winning four seats; its major rival, the Kachin National Congress The Kachin National Congress ( my, ကချင်အမျိုးသားများ ကွန်ဂရက်; KNC) was a political party in Burma. History Allied with the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League, the party won seven seats in th ..., won two seats. After the AFPFL split in 1958, PEDCO allied itself with the Clean AFPFL. The 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mon National Front
The Mon National Front was a political party in Burma. History The party contested national elections for the first and only time in 1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Jan ..., when it won three seats in the Chamber of Deputies.Nohlen et al., p614 References {{Burmese political parties Defunct political parties in Myanmar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kachin National Congress
The Kachin National Congress ( my, ကချင်အမျိုးသားများ ကွန်ဂရက်; KNC) was a political party in Burma. History Allied with the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League, the party won seven seats in the Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon R ... in the 1951–52 elections.Haruhiro Fukui (1985) ''Political parties of Asia and the Pacific'', Greenwood Press, p135 It was reduced to just two seats in the 1956 elections, but won three seats in the 1960 elections. It allied with the Stable AFPFL in the same year. Following the restoration of multi-party democracy in the 1980s, a new Kachin National Congress was formed. It nominated five candidates for the 1990 general elections, but failed to win a seat. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Hill People's Congress
The United Hill People's Congress ( my, တောင်တန်းသားများ စည်းလုံးညီညွတ်ရေး ဦးစီးအဖွဲ့; UHPC) was a political party in Burma. History The party was originally established as the Shan State People's Freedom League in 1945, being the Shan State branch of the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL).Haruhiro Fukui (1985) ''Political parties of Asia and the Pacific'', Greenwood Press, pp148–149 Headed by U Htun Aye, the party was unpopular with Saophas. After they had accepted the inclusion of the Shan states in independent Burma, the Saophas joined the party, which was reorganised in 1947 to become the United Hill People's Congress, representing the traditional elite.Fukui, p153 Sao Shwe Thaik Sao Shwe Thaik ( shn, ၸဝ်ႈၶမ်းသိူၵ်ႈ, ''Tsaw³ Kham⁴soek³''; my, စဝ်ရွှေသိုက်, ; 16 October 1895 – 21 November 1962) was a Burmese politici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arakanese National Unity Organisation
The Arakanese National Unity Organisation (ANUO) was a political party in Burma. History The party was established in 1955 by members of the Independent Arakanese Parliamentary Group, who held nine seats at the time.Haruhiro Fukui (1985) ''Political parties of Asia and the Pacific'', Greenwood Press, p115 In the 1956 elections it opposed the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League and campaigned with the National United Front. Receiving 1% of the vote, the party won six seats.Dieter Nohlen Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expe ..., Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I'', p614 Prior to the 1960 elections it left the NUF and affiliated with the Clean AFPFL. The elections saw it retain its six seats. References {{Burmese po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National United Front
The National United Front ( my, အမျိုးသား ညီညွတ်ရေး တပ်ပေါင်းစု) was a political alliance in Myanmar, Burma. History The alliance was formed in 1955 as a successor to the People's Democratic Front (Burma), People's Democratic Front,Haruhiro Fukui (1985) ''Political parties of Asia and the Pacific'', Greenwood Press, p145 ahead of the 1956 Burmese general election, April 1956 general elections. The NUF consisted of left-wing parties such as the Burma Workers Party, the People's Unity Party (Burma), People's Unity Party led by Thein Pe Myint and the People's Peace Front, as well as right-wing parties including the Justice Party (Burma), Justice Party led by Aye Maung, the New Mon National Party. In the elections the alliance received 30.4% of the vote, winning 47 seats.Rose, Saul (1959). ''Socialism in Southern Asia''. p. 132. London: Oxford University Press. Until 1958 it served as the major opposition bloc in the Chamber o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books. IDEA Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voter Turnout
In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford University political scientists Adam Bonica and Michael McFaul, there is a consensus among political scientists that "democracies perform better when more people vote." Institutional factors drive the vast majority of differences in turnout rates.Michael McDonald and Samuel Popkin"The Myth of the Vanishing Voter"in American Political Science Review. December 2001. p. 970. For example, simpler parliamentary democracies where voters get shorter ballots, fewer elections, and a multi-party system that makes accountability easier see much higher turnout than the systems of the United States, Japan, and Switzerland. Significance Some parts of society are more likely to vote than others. As turnout approaches 90%, significant differences between vot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rangoon
Yangon ( my, ရန်ကုန်; ; ), formerly spelled as Rangoon, is the capital of the Yangon Region and the largest city of Myanmar (also known as Burma). Yangon served as the capital of Myanmar until 2006, when the military government relocated the administrative functions to the purpose-built capital city of Naypyidaw in north central Myanmar. With over 7 million people, Yangon is Myanmar's most populous city and its most important commercial centre. Yangon boasts the largest number of colonial-era buildings in Southeast Asia, and has a unique colonial-era urban core that is remarkably intact. The colonial-era commercial core is centered around the Sule Pagoda, which is reputed to be over 2,000 years old. The city is also home to the gilded Shwedagon Pagoda – Myanmar's most sacred and famous Buddhist pagoda. Yangon suffers from deeply inadequate infrastructure, especially compared to other major cities in Southeast Asia, such as Jakarta, Bangkok or Hanoi. Though ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
