|
1938 In France
Events from the year 1938 in France. Incumbents *President: Albert Lebrun *President of the Council of Ministers: ** until 13 March: Camille Chautemps ** 13 March-10 April: Léon Blum ** starting 10 April: Édouard Daladier Events *1 January – Creation of SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français), bringing the country's principal railway companies together under government control. *14 March – Premier Léon Blum reassures the Czechoslovak government that France will honor its treaty obligations to aid Czechoslovakia in event of German invasion. *10 April – Édouard Daladier becomes prime minister of France. He appoints as Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet, an advocate of appeasement. *4 September – During the ceremony marking the unveiling of a plaque at Pointe de Grave celebrating Franco-American friendship, American ambassador William Bullitt in a speech states, "France and the United States were united in war and peace". *30 September – Munich Agreem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of France
The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (french: Président de la République française), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces. As the presidency is the supreme magistracy of the country, the position is the highest office in France. The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, in addition to their relation with the Prime Minister of France, prime minister and Government of France, have over time differed with the various constitutional documents since the French Second Republic, Second Republic. The president of the French Republic is the ''Ex officio member, ex officio'' Co-Princes of Andorra, co-prince of Andorra, grand master of the Legion of Honour and of the Ordre national du Mérite, National Order of Merit. The officeholder is also honorary proto-canon of the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome, although some have rejected the title in the past. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Communist Party
The French Communist Party (french: Parti communiste français, ''PCF'' ; ) is a political party in France which advocates the principles of communism. The PCF is a member of the Party of the European Left, and its MEPs sit in the European United Left–Nordic Green Left group. Founded in 1920, it participated in three governments: the provisional government of the Liberation (1944–1947), at the beginning of François Mitterrand's presidency (1981–1984), and in the Plural Left cabinet led by Lionel Jospin (1997–2002). It was also the largest party on the left in France in a number of national elections, from 1945 to 1960, before falling behind the Socialist Party in the 1970s. The PCF has lost further ground to the Socialists since that time. From 2009, the PCF was a leading member of the Left Front (''Front de gauche''), alongside Jean-Luc Mélenchon's Left Party (PG). During the 2017 presidential election, the PCF supported Mélenchon's candidature; however, tensio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Claude Mézières
Jean-Claude Mézières (; 23 September 1938 – 23 January 2022) was a French ''bandes dessinées'' artist and illustrator. Born in Paris and raised in nearby Saint-Mandé, he was introduced to drawing by his elder brother and influenced by comics artists such as Hergé, Andre Franquin and Morris and later by Jijé and Jack Davis. Educated at the École nationale supérieure des arts appliqués et des métiers d'art, he worked upon graduation as an illustrator for books and magazines as well as in advertising. A lifelong interest in the Wild West led him to travel to the United States in 1965 in search of adventure as a cowboy, an experience that would prove influential on his later work. Returning to France, Mézières teamed up with his childhood friend, Pierre Christin, to create ''Valérian and Laureline'', the popular, long-running science fiction comics series for which he is best known and which influenced many science fiction and fantasy films, including '' Star Wars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liliane Ackermann
Liliane Aimée Ackermann (''née'' Weil) (1938–2007) was a French microbiologist, Jewish Community pioneer, leader, writer, and lecturer. Early life and education Liliane Ackermann was born on September 3, 1938, in Strasbourg, France, the daughter of Lucien Weil and Béatrice Haas. During World War II, her family took refuge in Voiron, Isère. They would remain there until 1956, when they moved back to Strasbourg. After her Baccalauréat in 1956, she studied at the Faculty of Sciences at the Université Louis Pasteur of Strasbourg, where she obtained her first Ph.D. (in microbiology), in 1974. She later received a second Ph.D., at the Université de Strasbourg (Humanities), in 1999. She married Henri Ackermann, a dentist and a community activist, in 1959. They had seven children (Théo, Jacqui, Anne, Raoul, Eric, Charles, and Marc). Henri and Liliane Ackermann formed a team, for nearly half a century. From 1956 to 2007, she taught in Strasbourg at the elementary and se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alain Vivien
Alain Vivien (born August 20, 1938) is a French Socialist Party (PS) politician, best known for chairing (1998–2002) the French '' Mission Interministérielle pour la Lutte contre les Sectes'', MILS, a ministerial organization designed to observe the activities of various religious organizations defined as "''Sectes''" (cults). Early career He was mayor of Combs-la-Ville in 1977–1983 and 1989–1992. In 1983 he was elected to the French National Assembly for Seine-et-Marne as a PS candidate. The author of a report on cults requested by Prime Minister Pierre Mauroy in 1982, he was Secretary of State under Édith Cresson in 1991–1992. From 1997 to 1998 he was president of the Centre contre les manipulations mentales. Awards *Leipzig Human Rights Award, May 11, 2002 See also * About-Picard law * Status of religious freedom in France * List of anti-cult organizations and individuals References *''Pourquoi la bataille anti-sectes a échoué ?'' ("Why did the fight against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michèle Girardon
Michèle Girardon (9 August 1938 – 25 March 1975), sometimes credited as Michele Girardon, was a French actress. Career Born in Lyon, France, Girardon began acting as early as 1956, and had a small but noticeable role as a deaf-mute beauty in director Luis Buñuel's '' La mort en ce jardin (Death in the Garden)'' (1956). She soon became prominent in a host of films, including those of notable directors of the French New Wave. She is probably best known as an actress for her work in director Louis Malle's ''Les Amants (The Lovers)'' in 1958, and the 1961 Howard Hawks production of ''Hatari!'' starring John Wayne and Hardy Krüger; for the latter, as she spoke no English when cast in the role, she taught herself English while on the set, according to a July 1961 ''Life'' magazine profile of the actress. The same article stated she was signed to a five–year contract with Paramount Studios. 1963 proved to be her most active year, with several avant garde films to he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcel Artelesa
Marcel Artelesa (2 July 1938 – 23 September 2016) was a French footballer who played as a defender. He played for France at the 1960 Summer Olympics, and in the 1966 FIFA World Cup in England. Honours ; *: 1963 *Coupe de France
The Coupe de France, formerly known as the Coupe Charles Simon, is the premier knockout cu ...
[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-Marie Billé
Louis-Marie Billé (18 February 1938 – 12 March 2002) was a French clergyman, archbishop of Lyon from 6 September 1998 and a cardinal until his death in office. Life Louis Marie Billé studied Catholic Theology and Philosophy in Luçon, Angers (Catholic University of the West), Rome and Jerusalem, specialising in Biblical Theology. His career in the clergy began on 25 March 1962 when he was ordained priest for the diocese of Luçon. From 1966 to 1972 he worked as a lecturer at the priests' seminary in Luçon, and from 1972 to 1977 he performed the same task at the seminary of La Roche-sur-Yon. Pope John Paul II appointed him Bishop of Laval on 10 May 1984, transferring him in 1995 to the diocese of Aix, Arles and Embrun. He would become Archbishop of Lyon on 10 July 1998. On 21 February 2001 he was appointed to the College of Cardinals with the title of Cardinal-Priest of San Pietro in Vincoli. Later in the same year the title of Santissima Trinità al Monte Pincio was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roland Topor
Roland Topor (7 January 1938 – 16 April 1997) was a French illustrator, cartoonist, comics artist, painter, novelist, playwright, film and TV writer, filmmaker and actor, who was known for the surreal nature of his work. He was of Polish-Jewish origin. His parents were Jewish refugees from Warsaw. He spent the early years of his life in Savoy, where his family hid him from the Gestapo. Biography Roland Topor's parents came to France in the 1930s. In 1941 Topor's father, Abram, along with thousands of other Jewish men living in Paris, were required to register with the Vichy authorities. Topor's father was subsequently arrested and interned in a prison camp at Pithiviers, where inmates would be held before being sent to other concentration camps, usually Auschwitz. Of the thousands who were sent to Pithiviers only 159 survived. But Topor's father, Abram, managed to escape from Pithiviers and hide in an area south of Paris. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gino Bartali
Gino Bartali (; 18 July 1914 – 5 May 2000), nicknamed Gino the Pious and (in Italy) Ginettaccio, was a champion road cyclist. He was the most renowned Italian cyclist before the Second World War, having won the Giro d'Italia twice, in 1936 and 1937, and the Tour de France in 1938. After the war, he added one more victory in each event: the Giro d'Italia in 1946 and the Tour de France in 1948. His second and last Tour de France victory in 1948 gave him the largest gap between victories in the race.Eurosport, Tour De France, 2008, Legends, Gino Bartali Eurosport.fr (4 July 2008). Retrieved on 6 August 2014. In September 2013, 13 years after his death, Bartali was recognised as a " |
1938 Tour De France
The 1938 Tour de France was the 32nd edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 5 to 31 July. It was composed of 21 stages over .The race was won by Italian cyclist Gino Bartali, who also won the mountains classification. Innovations and changes The bonification system was reduced compared to 1937: the winner of a stage now only received one minute bonification time, added by the margin to the second arriving cyclist, with a maximum of 75 seconds. The cyclists who reached a mountain top that counted towards the mountains classification first, now received only one minute bonification time. The team trial stages, where the teams departed 15 minutes separately, were removed from the race. They would later return in the 1954 Tour de France, in a different form. Instead, the 1938 Tour de France featured two individual time trials. In previous years, some cyclists were in teams and other rode individually. In 1937, there had been problems with individual cyclists being accuse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italy National Football Team
The Italy national football team ( it, Nazionale di calcio dell'Italia) has represented Italy in international football since its first match in 1910. The national team is controlled by the Italian Football Federation (FIGC), the governing body for football in Italy, which is a co-founder and member of UEFA. Italy's home matches are played at various stadiums throughout Italy, and its primary training ground and technical headquarters, Centro Tecnico Federale di Coverciano, is located in Florence. Italy are the reigning European champions, having won UEFA Euro 2020. Italy is one of the most successful national teams in the history of football and the World Cup, having won four titles (1934, 1938, 1982, 2006) and appearing in two other finals (1970, 1994), reaching a third place ( 1990) and a fourth place ( 1978). Italy also won two European Championships ( 1968, 2020), and appeared in two other finals of the tournament (2000, 2012). Italy's team also achieved a second p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.JPG "Click for more on -> French Communist Party")
