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1919 In Czechoslovakia
Events from the year 1919 in Czechoslovakia. The year saw the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye define the borders of the state and the Treaty of Versailles recognise its independence. Incumbents *President: Tomáš Masaryk. *Prime Minister: **Karel Kramář (until 8 July). **Vlastimil Tusar (from 8 July). Events *28 January – Masaryk University is founded in Brno. *12 March – The Commission on Czecho-Slovak Affairs report reports the border of the new state of Czechoslovakia. *21 March – Conflict breaks out between the Hungarian Soviet Republic and Czechoslovakia. *4 May - Many ethnic Germans in the Province of German Bohemia demonstrated peacefully demonstrated its right for self determination. The mass demonstrations were put down by the Czech military, involving 54 deaths and 84 wounded. *8 May – The leaders of Carpathian Ruthenia join their country to Czechoslovakia. *16 June – The Slovak Soviet Republic is declared in Prešov. The state had collapsed by August. *27 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)
The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (french: Traité de Saint-Germain-en-Laye) was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the Republic of German-Austria on the other. Like the Treaty of Trianon with Hungary and the Treaty of Versailles with Germany, it contained the Covenant of the League of Nations and as a result was not ratified by the United States but was followed by the US–Austrian Peace Treaty of 1921. The treaty signing ceremony took place at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Background As a preamble, on 21 October 1918, 208 German-speaking delegates of the Austrian Imperial Council had convened in a "provisional national assembly of German-Austria" at the Lower Austrian Landtag. When the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Army culminated at the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, the Social Democrat Karl Renner was elected German-Austrian State Chancellor on 30 October. In the course of the Aster Revolution on 31 Oc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brno Conservatory
The Brno Conservatory, also Brno Conservatoire ( cs, Konzervatoř Brno), was established in Brno on 25 September 1919 by Moravian composer Leoš Janáček. History Leoš Janáček attempted to establish and improve high musical education in Brno from his early age. In 1881, he founded the ''Organ School'', however, it was just the beginning of his efforts in this field. The conservatory was established by joining the Organ School, music school of ''Beseda brněnská'', and music school of ''Vesna'' (women's educational association based in Brno). Initially, it was situated in a "greek villa", on the corner of the streets of Smetanova and Kounicova. It was the former seat of the Organ School (from 1907). Janáček was the first director of the conservatory, but the school gained its current seat only during the directorship of his successor, Jan Kunc. The building of the conservatory was designed in 1899 in the style of Neo-Renaissance by German Wanderley. It was the seat of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruth Elfriede Hildner
Ruth Elfriede Hildner (1 November 1919 – 2 May 1947) was a guard at several Nazi concentration camps during World War II. Hildner was conscripted into camp service in July 1944, arriving at Ravensbrück concentration camp to be trained as a camp matron. Hildner, 24 years old, entered the Dachau concentration camp in September 1944 as an '' Aufseherin''. Next she was sent to an Agfa Camera Werke-connected subcamp at Munich; she eventually served in several subcamps, including Hennigsdorf, Wittenberg and Haselhorst. In December 1944, she arrived at Helmbrechts, a tiny subcamp of Flossenbürg located near Hof, Germany. There, she was feared by the camp's inmates, both Jews and non-Jews. In April 1945, the guards at the small camp evacuated the women in the face of the U.S. Army. Hildner was one of several guards on the death march who took part in mistreatment and murder of several young girls with her baton. She also accompanied the march into Zwodau, another subcamp of Flos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1978 In The United States
Events from the year 1978 in the United States. Incumbents Federal government * President: Jimmy Carter ( D-Georgia) * Vice president: Walter Mondale ( D-Minnesota) * Chief justice: Warren E. Burger (Minnesota) * Speaker of the House of Representatives: Tip O'Neill ( D-Massachusetts) * Senate Majority Leader: Robert Byrd ( D-West Virginia) * Congress: 95th Events January * January 1 ** The Copyright Act of 1976 takes effect, making sweeping changes to United States copyright law. ** Edward M. Davis retires from the Los Angeles Police Department, after 30 years on the force and more than 8 years as its police chief. * January 6 – The Holy Crown of Hungary (also known as the Crown of St. Stephen) is returned to Hungary from the United States, where it was held since World War II. * January 14–15 – The body of former U.S. Vice President Hubert Humphrey lies in state in the Capitol Rotunda, following his death from cancer. * January 14 – The Sex Pist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florence Marly
Florence Marly (2 June 1919 – 9 November 1978) was a Czech-born French film actress. During World War II, Marly moved to neutral Argentina with her Jewish husband, film director Pierre Chenal, where she appeared in several films. She also acted in two of her husband's films while they were in Chile. Career Marly was born Hana Smékalová in Obrnice, Czechoslovakia. She studied French and her dream was to become an opera singer. At age 18 she went to Paris to study art, literature, and philosophy at Sorbonne. She met her future husband Pierre Chenal who cast her in his film ''The Alibi''. She played a major role in René Clément's ''Les Maudits'', a fictionalized account showing the fate of Nazi refugees. After moving to Hollywood, she acted in Paramount's film ''Sealed Verdict'' opposite Ray Milland. Next year, she starred in Stuart Heisler's '' Tokyo Joe'' (1949) alongside Humphrey Bogart. In it she played Bogart's wife, who divorces him after he moves to the United States fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Concentration Camp
From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps, (officially) or (more commonly). The Nazi concentration camps are distinguished from other types of Nazi camps such as forced-labor camps, as well as concentration camps operated by Germany's allies. on its own territory and in parts of German-occupied Europe. The first camps were established in March 1933 immediately after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany. Following the Night of Long Knives, 1934 purge of the Sturmabteilung, SA, the concentration camps were run exclusively by the SS via the Concentration Camps Inspectorate and later the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office. Initially, most prisoners were members of the Communist Party of Germany, but as time went on different groups were arrested, including "habitual criminals", "asocials", and Jews. After the beginning of World War II, people from German-occupied Europe were imprisoned in the concentration camps. Following A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hildegard Neumann
Hildegard Neumann (born 4 May 1919) was a chief overseer at several Nazi concentration, transition and detention camps during the last year of World War II. She was born in Deutsch Gabel, Czechoslovakia. Camp work Neumann came to the Ravensbrück concentration camp in October 1944, where she became an ''Oberaufseherin'' (Chief Wardress) soon after. Because of her good conduct, the Nazis sent her to the Theresienstadt concentration camp and ghetto in Czechoslovakia in November 1944 as Head Female Overseer. Neumann was known as a cruel female guard. She oversaw between ten and thirty female police and over 20,000 female Jewish prisoners. Neumann also aided in the deportation of more than 40,000 women and children from the camp to the Auschwitz and Bergen Belsen camps, where most were killed. The tasks of the female overseers in Theresienstadt was to guard women prisoners at work on "labour kommandos," during transports to other camps, and in the ghetto itself. Most were cruel and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Káťa Kabanová
''Káťa Kabanová'' (also known in various spellings including ''Katia'', ''Katja'', ''Katya'', and ''Kabanowa'') is an opera in three acts, with music by Leoš Janáček to a libretto by the composer based on '' The Storm'', a play by Alexander Ostrovsky, translated by . The opera was also largely inspired by Janáček's love for Kamila Stösslová. Although he was 67 when it was premiered, ''Káťa Kabanová'' is a clear response to Janáček's feelings for Kamila, and the work is dedicated to her. The first performance was at the National Theatre Brno on 23 November 1921. The opera has had a complex publication history. František Neumann, the conductor of the opera's first performance, made changes that were incorporated into the first publication of the score in 1922 by Universal Edition. Conductor Václav Talich later produced a "re-orchestrated" version of the score. In 1992, Sir Charles Mackerras published a critical edition of the opera.Wingfield, Paul, "Reviews of Music" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Diary Of One Who Disappeared
''Zápisník zmizelého'', or ''(The) Diary of One Who Disappeared'', is a half-hour Czech-language quasi-operatic song cycle for tenor, alto, three other women's voices and piano completed in 1919 by Leoš Janáček. Of its 22 sections, 18 are for tenor and piano alone; midway through, three sections involve the women, and these are followed by a commenting one for piano solo: an ''intermezzo erotico''. The song cycle was premiered at the Reduta Theatre in Brno in 1921. Background On May 14, 1916, the ''Lidové noviny'' newspaper published verses titled ''From the Pen of a Self-Taught Writer''. This diary-in-poems tells the story of an unnamed village boy who falls in love with the "black gipsy girl" Zefka (Žofka) and decides to leave his family and village with her. The diary made a deep impression on Leoš Janáček, a cooperator on ''Lidové noviny'' at that time, and he decided to rework it into a song cycle. Text The author of ''From the Pen of a Self-Taught Writer'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohuslav Martinů
Bohuslav Jan Martinů (; December 8, 1890 – August 28, 1959) was a Czech composer of modern classical music. He wrote 6 symphonies, 15 operas, 14 ballet scores and a large body of orchestral, chamber, vocal and instrumental works. He became a violinist in the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, and briefly studied under Czech composer and violinist Josef Suk. After leaving Czechoslovakia in 1923 for Paris, Martinů deliberately withdrew from the Romantic style in which he had been trained. During the 1920s he experimented with modern French stylistic developments, exemplified by his orchestral works ''Half-time'' and ''La Bagarre''. He also adopted jazz idioms, for instance in his '' Kitchen Revue'' (''Kuchyňská revue''). In the early 1930s he found his main fount for compositional style: neoclassicism, creating textures far denser than those found in composers treating Stravinsky as a model. He was prolific, quickly composing chamber, orchestral, choral and instrumental w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Slav Epic
''The Slav Epic'' ( cs, Slovanská epopej) is a cycle of 20 large canvases painted by Czech Art Nouveau painter Alphonse Mucha between 1910 and 1928. The cycle depicts the mythology and history of Czechs and other Slavic peoples. In 1928, after finishing his monumental work, Mucha bestowed the cycle upon the city of Prague on the condition that the city build a special pavilion for it. Prior to 2012, the work was a part of the permanent exhibition at the chateau in the town of Moravský Krumlov in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. In 2012, all 20 works were moved and displayed together on the ground floor of the ''Veletržní Palace'' until 2016, in an exhibition organized by the National Gallery in Prague (exhibition catalogue: Alphonse Mucha – Slovanská epopej). The works are currently on display back in the town of Moravský Krumlov. Background Alphonse Mucha spent many years working on ''The Slav Epic'' cycle, which he considered his life's masterw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphonse Mucha
Alfons Maria Mucha (; 24 July 1860 – 14 July 1939), known internationally as Alphonse Mucha, was a Czech painter, illustrator and graphic artist, living in Paris during the Art Nouveau period, best known for his distinctly stylized and decorative theatrical posters, particularly those of Sarah Bernhardt. He produced illustrations, advertisements, decorative panels, as well as designs, which became among the best-known images of the period. In the second part of his career, at the age of 57, he returned to his homeland and devoted himself to a series of twenty monumental canvases known as ''The Slav Epic'', depicting the history of all the Slavic peoples of the world, which he painted between 1912 and 1926. In 1928, on the 10th anniversary of the Czechoslovak declaration of independence, independence of Czechoslovakia, he presented the series to the Czech nation. He considered it his most important work. Early life Mucha was born on 24 July 1860 in the small town of Ivančice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
