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1832 In France
Events from the year 1832 in France. Incumbents * Monarch – Louis Philippe I Events *5 June - Anti-monarchist June Rebellion briefly breaks out in Paris. *4–23 December - Siege of Antwerp: the last remaining Dutch defensive point, the citadel, falls to French attack. Arts and literature *26 February - Chopin gives his debut Paris concert at the Salle Pleyel. *September - The Opéra-Comique moves from Salle Ventadour to Salle de la Bourse in Paris. *Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques opens on the site of the Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique on the Boulevard du Temple in Paris under Frédérick Lemaître. *Honoré de Balzac publishes the novels ''La Bourse'', '' Le Curé de Tours'', '' Le Colonel Chabert'' and ''Louis Lambert''. Births *6 January - Gustave Doré, artist, engraver, illustrator and sculptor (died 1883) *23 January - Édouard Manet, painter (died 1883) *16 February - Camille Armand Jules Marie, Prince de Polignac, nobleman, scholar and major general in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of French Monarchs
France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I () as the first king of France, however historians today consider that such a kingdom did not begin until the establishment of West Francia. Titles The kings used the title "King of the Franks" ( la, Rex Francorum) until the late twelfth century; the first to adopt the title of "King of France" (Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...: ''Rex Franciae''; French language, French: ''roi de France'') was Philip II of France, Philip II in 1190 (r. 1180–1223), after which the title "King of the Franks" gradually lost ground. However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Lambert (novel)
''Louis Lambert'' is an 1832 novel by French novelist and playwright Honoré de Balzac (1799–1850), included in the ''Études philosophiques'' section of his novel sequence ''La Comédie humaine''. Set mostly in a school at Vendôme, it examines the life and theories of a boy genius fascinated by the Swedish philosopher Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772). Balzac wrote ''Louis Lambert'' during the summer of 1832 while he was staying with friends at the Château de Saché, and published three editions with three different titles. The novel contains a minimal plot, focusing mostly on the metaphysical ideas of its boy-genius protagonist and his only friend (eventually revealed to be Balzac himself). Although it is not a significant example of the realist style for which Balzac became famous, the novel provides insight into the author's own childhood. Specific details and events from the author's life – including punishment from teachers and social ostracism – suggest a fictional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Alfred Fournier
Jean Alfred Fournier () (21 May 1832 – 25 December 1914) was a French dermatologist who specialized in the study of venereal disease. Biography As a young man he served as an interne at the Hôpital du Midi as an understudy to Philippe Ricord (1800–1889). In 1863 he became ''médecine des hôpitaux'', and from 1867 worked with Augustin Grisolle (1811–1869) at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris. In 1876 he was appointed ''chef de service'' at the Hôpital Saint-Louis, later becoming a member of the ''Académie de Médecine'' (1880). His main contribution to medical science was the study of congenital syphilis, of which he provided a description of in 1883. In his numerous publications he stressed the importance of syphilis being the cause of degenerative diseases. In addition, in 1901 he founded an organization devoted to spreading knowledge to combat syphilis, called the ''Société Française de Prophylaxie Sanitaire et Morale''. His name is associated with the following three ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1913 In France
Events from the year 1913 in France. Incumbents *President: Armand Fallières (until 18 February), Raymond Poincaré (starting 18 February) *President of the Council of Ministers: ** until 21 January: Raymond Poincaré ** 21 January-22 March: Aristide Briand ** 22 March-9 December: René Viviani ** starting 9 December: Gaston Doumergue Events *17 January – Raymond Poincaré is elected president *3 February – Trial of the remnants of the Bonnot gang begins. *20 August – 700 feet above Buc, parachutist Adolphe Pegoud jumps from an airplane and lands safely. *23 September – Aviator Roland Garros flies over the Mediterranean. Arts and literature *29 May – Igor Stravinsky's ballet score ''The Rite of Spring'' is premiered in Paris. *12 December – Vincenzo Perugia tries to sell ''Mona Lisa'' in Florence and is arrested. *30 December – Italy returns ''Mona Lisa'' to France. Sport *29 June – Tour de France begins. *27 July – Tour de France ends, won by Philipp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederate States Army
The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (1861–1865), fighting against the United States forces to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold the institution of slavery. On February 28, 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress established a provisional volunteer army and gave control over military operations and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the newly chosen Confederate president, Jefferson Davis. Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the Mexican–American War. He had also been a United States senator from Mississippi and U.S. Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce. On March 1, 1861, on behalf of the Confederate government, Davis assumed control of the military situation at Charleston, South C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Major General
Major general (abbreviated MG, maj. gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. The disappearance of the "sergeant" in the title explains the apparent confusion of a lieutenant general outranking a major general, whereas a major outranks a lieutenant. In the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth and in the United States, when appointed to a field command, a major general is typically in command of a Division (military), division consisting of around 6,000 to 25,000 troops (several regiments or brigades). It is a two-star general, two-star rank that is subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the rank of brigadier or brigadier general. In the Commonwealth, major general is equivalent to the navy rank of rear admiral. In air forces with a separate rank structure (Commonwealth), major general is equivalent to air vice-marshal. In some countries including much of Eastern Europe, major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academia
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, secondary or tertiary education, tertiary higher education, higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 385 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and Skills, skill, north of Ancient Athens, Athens, Greece. Etymology The word comes from the ''Academy'' in ancient Greece, which derives from the Athenian hero, ''Akademos''. Outside the city walls of Athens, the Gymnasium (ancient Greece), gymnasium was made famous by Plato as a center of learning. The sacred space, dedicated to the goddess of wisdom, Athena, had formerly been an olive Grove (nature), grove, hence the expression "the groves of Academe". In these gardens, the philosopher Plato conversed with followers. Plato developed his sessions into a method of teaching philosophy and in 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobility
Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy (class), aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below Royal family, royalty. Nobility has often been an Estates of the realm, estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. The characteristics associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles or simply formal functions (e.g., Order of precedence, precedence), and vary by country and by era. Membership in the nobility, including rights and responsibilities, is typically Hereditary title, hereditary and Patrilinearity, patrilineal. Membership in the nobility has historically been granted by a monarch or government, and acquisition of sufficient power, wealth, ownerships, or royal favour has occasionally enabled commoners to ascend into the nobility. There are often a variety of ranks within the noble class. Legal recognition of nobility has been much more common in monarchies, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camille Armand Jules Marie, Prince De Polignac
Prince Camille Armand Jules Marie de Polignac (February 16, 1832 – November 15, 1913) was a French nobleman who served with the Confederates in the American Civil War, living on to become the last surviving Confederate major-general. After service in the French army in the Crimea, Polignac was travelling in America at the outbreak of war, when he sided with the South. He distinguished himself as a brigadier in the Red River Campaign, notably at the Battle of Mansfield, after which he was promoted to the rank of divisional commander. Polignac was affectionately known by his troops, unable to decipher how to pronounce his name, as "Prince Polecat". which he apparently found amusing. Returning to France, he commanded a division in the Franco-Prussian War, before devoting himself to the study of mathematics and music. Early life and career Polignac was born in Millemont, Seine-et-Oise, France, into one of the most prominent families of the French nobility. Montgomery-Mass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Édouard Manet
Édouard Manet (, ; ; 23 January 1832 – 30 April 1883) was a French modernist painter. He was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life, as well as a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism. Born into an upper-class household with strong political connections, Manet rejected the naval career originally envisioned for him; he became engrossed in the world of painting. His early masterworks, ''The Luncheon on the Grass'' (''Le déjeuner sur l'herbe'') and '' Olympia'', both 1863, caused great controversy and served as rallying points for the young painters who would create Impressionism. Today, these are considered watershed paintings that mark the start of modern art. The last 20 years of Manet's life saw him form bonds with other great artists of the time; he developed his own simple and direct style that would be heralded as innovative and serve as a major influence for future painters. Early life Édouard Manet was born in Par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1883 In France
Events from the year 1883 in France. Incumbents *President: Jules Grévy *President of the Council of Ministers: ** until 29 January: Charles Duclerc ** 29 January-21 February: Armand Fallières ** starting 21 February: Jules Ferry Events * 27–28 March – Battle of Gia Cuc, French victory over Vietnamese forces. * 19 May – Battle of Paper Bridge, French defeat by Black Flag forces. * 25 August – Treaty of Hué signed between the Nguyễn dynasty Emperor of Viet Nam and the French Empire, recognizing French imperial control over the regions of Annam and Tonkin. * De Dion-Bouton set up in Paris to manufacture mechanical road vehicles. * The first purebred Percheron (horse) stud book is created. Births January to June * 3 February – Camille Bombois, naïve painter (died 1970) * 18 February – Jacques Ochs, artist, épée and foil fencer and Olympic gold medallist (died 1971) * 15 May – Maurice Feltin, Cardinal (died 1975) * 28 June – Pierre Laval, politici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramic art, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or Molding (process), moulded or Casting, cast. Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely. However, most ancient sculpture was brightly painted, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
