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1811 In France
Events from the year 1811 in France. Incumbents * Emperor – Napoleon I Events *19 February – Peninsular War: Battle of the Gebora, French routed Spanish forces. *5 March – Peninsular War: Battle of Barrosa, tactical defeat for French. *13 March – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Lissa, a British naval victory. *25 March – The Great Comet of 1811 is discovered by Honoré Flaugergues. *3 April – Peninsular War: Battle of Sabugal, Anglo-Portuguese victory. *14 April – Peninsular War: Siege of Almeida; siege of French garrison begins. *3 May–5 May – Peninsular War: Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro, Anglo-Portuguese victory, preventing French relief of the siege of Almeida. *10 May – Peninsular War: Siege of Almeida ends with escape of French garrison. *16 May – Peninsular War: Battle of Albuera, an indecisive battle. *25 May – Peninsular War: Battle of Usagre, Anglo-Portuguese victory. *25 September- Peninsular War: Battle of El Boden, French victory. *28 October †... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of French Monarchs
France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I () as the first king of France, however historians today consider that such a kingdom did not begin until the establishment of West Francia. Titles The kings used the title "King of the Franks" ( la, Rex Francorum) until the late twelfth century; the first to adopt the title of "King of France" (Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...: ''Rex Franciae''; French language, French: ''roi de France'') was Philip II of France, Philip II in 1190 (r. 1180–1223), after which the title "King of the Franks" gradually lost ground. However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurist
A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyses and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal qualification in law and often a legal practitioner. In the United Kingdom the term "jurist" is mostly used for legal academics, while in the United States the term may also be applied to a judge. With reference to Roman law, a "jurist" (in English) is a jurisconsult (''iurisconsultus''). The English term ''jurist'' is to be distinguished from similar terms in other European languages, where it may be synonymous with legal professional, meaning anyone with a professional law degree that qualifies for admission to the legal profession, including such positions as judge or attorney. In Germany, Scandinavia and a number of other countries ''jurist'' denotes someone with a professional law degree, and it may be a protected title, for example in Norway. Thus the term can be applied to attorneys, judges an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Théophile Gautier
Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier ( , ; 30 August 1811 – 23 October 1872) was a French poet, dramatist, novelist, journalist, and art and literary critic. While an ardent defender of Romanticism, Gautier's work is difficult to classify and remains a point of reference for many subsequent literary traditions such as Parnassianism, Symbolism, Decadence and Modernism. He was widely esteemed by writers as disparate as Balzac, Baudelaire, the Goncourt brothers, Flaubert, Pound, Eliot, James, Proust and Wilde. Life and times Gautier was born on 30 August 1811 in Tarbes, capital of Hautes-Pyrénées département (southwestern France). His father was Jean-Pierre Gautier,See "Cimetières de France et d'ailleurs – La descendance de Théophile Gautier", landrucimetieres.fr/ref> a fairly cultured minor government official, and his mother was Antoinette-Adelaïde Cocard. The family moved to Paris in 1814, taking up residence in the ancient Marais district. Gautier's education comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1863 In France
Events from the year 1863 in France. Incumbents * Monarch – Napoleon III Events *15 January - French forces bombard Veracruz, during the French intervention in Mexico. *16 March - French siege of Puebla begins. *14 April - Treaty of Hué is signed between Vietnam and the French Empire. *30 April - Battle of Camarón, between the French Foreign Legion and the Mexican army: Mexican victory, but successful French delaying action. *17 May - Puebla surrenders to the French. *7 June - French troops enter Mexico City. *21–22 June - Legislative election, first round. *5–6 July - Legislative election, second round. *First outbreak of phylloxera on the European mainland observed in the vineyards of the southern Rhône region. *The recipe for the herbal liqueur Bénédictine is devised by Alexandre Le Grand in Fécamp. *The Paris Observatory begins to publish weather maps. Arts and literature *31 January - Jules Verne's scientifically inspired novel ''Five Weeks in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auguste Bravais
Auguste Bravais (; 23 August 1811, Annonay, Ardèche – 30 March 1863, Le Chesnay, France) was a French physicist known for his work in crystallography, the conception of Bravais lattices, and the formulation of Bravais law. Bravais also studied magnetism, the northern lights, meteorology, geobotany, phyllotaxis, astronomy, statistics and hydrography. He studied at the Collège Stanislas in Paris before joining the École Polytechnique in 1829, where he was a classmate of groundbreaking mathematician Évariste Galois, whom Bravais actually beat in a scholastic mathematics competition. Towards the end of his studies he became a naval officer, and sailed on the ''Finistere'' in 1832 as well as the ''Loiret'' afterwards. He took part in hydrographic work along the Algerian Coast. He participated in the ''Recherche'' expedition and helped the ''Lilloise'' in Spitzbergen and Lapland. Bravais taught a course in applied mathematics for astronomy in the Faculty of Sciences in Lyon, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1893 In France
Events from the year 1893 in France. Incumbents *President: Marie François Sadi Carnot *President of the Council of Ministers: ** until 4 April: Alexandre Ribot ** 4 April-3 December: Charles Dupuy ** starting 3 December: Jean Casimir-Perier Events * 10 March – Côte d'Ivoire becomes a French colony. * 16–17 August – Massacre of Italians at Aigues-Mortes: Italian workers of the ''Compagnie des Salins du Midi'' are attacked in Aigues-Mortes (France) by French villagers and workers with at least 8 deaths. Anti-French riots erupt in Italy. In Rome the windows of the French Embassy are smashed and for a while the angry mob seems to get out of hand. * 20 August – Legislative election held. * 3 September – Legislative election held. * 10 October – First vehicle registration plates in the Seine (department), under terms of a Paris Police Ordinance of 14 August. Births January to June * 3 February – Gaston Julia, mathematician (died 1978). * 5 February – Arsène Rou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred-Henri-Amand Mame
Alfred-Henry-Armand Mame (b. at Tours, 17 August 1811; d. at Tours, 12 April 1893) was a French printer and publisher. Mame, publishers The founder of the Mame firm, Charles Mame, printed two newspapers at Angers in the last quarter of the eighteenth century; General Hoche had at one time hoped to marry his daughter. His eldest son, bookseller and publisher in Paris, under the First Empire, edited Chateaubriand's famous opuscule, "Buonaparte et les Bourbons", also Madame de Staël's works; and the persecutions directed against these books by the Napoleonic police caused the financial ruin of the editor. But the third son, Amand Mame, came to Tours and founded there a firm which, under the management of Alfred Mame, son of Amand, was destined to become very important. Paul Mame (1833–1903), a son of Alfred, was the head of the firm until 1900. Business model After having edited, together with his cousin Ernest Mame, from 1833 to 1845, some classics and a few devotional books, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1832 In France
Events from the year 1832 in France. Incumbents * Monarch – Louis Philippe I Events *5 June - Anti-monarchist June Rebellion briefly breaks out in Paris. *4–23 December - Siege of Antwerp: the last remaining Dutch defensive point, the citadel, falls to French attack. Arts and literature *26 February - Chopin gives his debut Paris concert at the Salle Pleyel. *September - The Opéra-Comique moves from Salle Ventadour to Salle de la Bourse in Paris. *Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques opens on the site of the Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique on the Boulevard du Temple in Paris under Frédérick Lemaître. *Honoré de Balzac publishes the novels ''La Bourse'', '' Le Curé de Tours'', '' Le Colonel Chabert'' and ''Louis Lambert''. Births *6 January - Gustave Doré, artist, engraver, illustrator and sculptor (died 1883) *23 January - Édouard Manet, painter (died 1883) *16 February - Camille Armand Jules Marie, Prince de Polignac, nobleman, scholar and major general in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career of Napoleon Bonaparte, successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars, Revolutionary Wars. He was the ''de facto'' leader of the First French Republic, French Republic as First Consul from 1799 to 1804, then Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 and again in Hundred Days, 1815. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy endures to this day, as a highly celebrated and controversial leader. He initiated many liberal reforms that have persisted in society, and is considered one of the greatest military commanders in history. His wars and campaigns are studied by militaries all over the world. Between three and six million civilians and soldiers Napoleonic Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napoleon II
, house = Bonaparte , father = Napoleon I, Emperor of the French , mother = Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma , birth_date = , birth_place = Tuileries Palace, Paris, French Empire , death_date = , death_place = Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austrian Empire , place of burial = Napoleon's tomb, Les Invalides , religion = Roman Catholicism Napoleon II (Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte; 20 March 181122 July 1832) was disputed Emperor of the French for a few weeks in 1815. The son of Emperor Napoleon I and Marie Louise of Austria, he had been Prince Imperial of France and King of Rome since birth. After the fall of his father, he lived the rest of his life in Vienna and was known in the Austrian court as Franz, Duke of Reichstadt for his adult life (from the German version of his second given name, along with a title he was granted by the Austrian emperor in 1818). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1877 In France
Events from the year 1877 in France. Incumbents *President: Patrice de MacMahon, Duke of Magenta *President of the Council of Ministers: ** until 17 May: Jules Simon ** 17 May-23 November: Albert, 4th duc de Broglie ** 23 November-13 December: Gaëtan de Rochebouët ** starting 13 December: Jules Armand Dufaure Events * 16 May – Constitutional crisis which ultimately seals the defeat of the royalist movement. * 14 October – Legislative election held. * 28 October – Legislative election held. Births January to March * 29 January – Georges Catroux, military officer and diplomat (died 1969) * 17 February – André Maginot, politician, advocate of the Maginot Line (died 1932) * 19 February – Louis Aubert, composer (died 1968) * 21 February – Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange, Catholic theologian (died 1964) * 28 February – André Simon, wine merchant, gourmet and writer (died 1970) * 21 March – Maurice Farman, motor racing driver, aviator, aircraft manufacturer and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History One of the earliest known mathematicians were Thales of Miletus (c. 624–c.546 BC); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales' Theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582–c. 507 BC) established the Pythagorean School, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman mathematician recorded by history was Hypati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
