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1748 In France
Events from the year 1748 in France. Incumbents *Monarch: Louis XV Events * * * * April – Maastricht is conquered by Maurice de Saxe. * 24 April – War of the Austrian Succession: A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) with the intent to conclude the war. * 18 October – War of the Austrian Succession: The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war. Great Britain obtains Madras, in India, from France, in exchange for the fortress of Louisbourg in Canada. * Louis XV of France authorizes a 5% income tax on every individual regardless of social status; the Parlement of Paris protests. Births * 12 April – Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, botanist (d. 1836) * 27 April – Pierre-Louis Ginguené, author (d. 1815) * 3 May – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, cleric and constitutional theorist (d. 1836) * 7 May – Olympe de Gouges, playwright and political activist (guillotined 1793) * 10 May – Louis Pierre Vieillot, ornithologist (d. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Income Tax
An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) in respect of the income or profits earned by them (commonly called taxable income). Income tax generally is computed as the product of a tax rate times the taxable income. Taxation rates may vary by type or characteristics of the taxpayer and the type of income. The tax rate may increase as taxable income increases (referred to as graduated or progressive tax rates). The tax imposed on companies is usually known as corporate tax and is commonly levied at a flat rate. Individual income is often taxed at progressive rates where the tax rate applied to each additional unit of income increases (e.g., the first $10,000 of income taxed at 0%, the next $10,000 taxed at 1%, etc.). Most jurisdictions exempt local charitable organizations from tax. Income from investments may be taxed at different (generally lower) rates than other types of income. Credits of various sorts may be allowed that reduce tax. Some jurisdicti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10 May
Events Pre-1600 *28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England pending the selection of a king. *1294 – Temür, Khagan of the Mongols, is enthroned as Emperor of the Yuan dynasty. *1497 – Amerigo Vespucci allegedly leaves Cádiz for his first voyage to the New World. *1503 – Christopher Columbus visits the Cayman Islands and names them ''Las Tortugas'' after the numerous turtles there. *1534 – Jacques Cartier visits Newfoundland. 1601–1900 *1688 – King Narai nominates Phetracha as regent, leading to the revolution of 1688 in which Phetracha becomes king of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. *1768 – Rioting occurs in London after John Wilkes is imprisoned for writing an article for ''The North Briton'' severely criticizing King George III. * 1773 – The Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1793 In France
Events from the year 1793 in France. Incumbents *The National Convention *The Committee of Public Safety (de facto from 6 April) Events January to June *21 January – French Revolution: After being found guilty of treason by the French National Convention, ''Citizen Capet'', Louis XVI of France, is guillotined in Paris. *1 February – French Revolutionary Wars: The French First Republic declares war on Great Britain, the Dutch Republic and (soon afterwards) Spain. *11 February – French expedition to Sardinia (''Expédition de Sardaigne''): A French fleet under admiral Laurent Truguet debarks troops near Cagliari in Sardinia. *22 February – French expedition to Sardinia: A small French and Corsican force briefly occupies the small Sardinian island of La Maddalena, then withdraws to Corsica. 23-year-old lieutenant Napoleon Buonaparte is second-in-command. *6 April – French Revolutionary Wars: The Committee of Public Safety is established in France, with Georges Danto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olympe De Gouges
Olympe de Gouges (; born Marie Gouze; 7 May 17483 November 1793) was a French playwright and political activist whose writings on women's rights and abolitionism reached a large audience in various countries. She began her career as a playwright in the early 1780s. As political tension rose in France, Olympe de Gouges became increasingly politically engaged. She became an outspoken advocate against the slave trade in the French colonies in 1788. At the same time, she began writing political pamphlets. In her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen (1791), she challenged the practice of male authority and the notion of male-female inequality. She was executed by guillotine during the Reign of Terror (1793–1794) for attacking the regime of the Revolutionary government and for her association with the Girondists. Biography Birth and parentage Marie Gouze was born on 7 May 1748 in Montauban, Quercy (in the present-day department of Tarn-et-Garonne) in southw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7 May
Events Pre-1600 * 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. * 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I immediately orders that the dome be rebuilt. *1274 – In France, the Second Council of Lyon opens; it ratified a decree to regulate the election of the Pope. * 1487 – The Siege of Málaga commences during the Spanish Reconquista. * 1544 – The Burning of Edinburgh by an English army is the first action of the Rough Wooing. 1601–1900 *1625 – State funeral of James VI and I (1566-1625) is held at Westminster Abbey. *1664 – Inaugural celebrations begin at Louis XIV of France's new Palace of Versailles. *1685 – Battle of Vrtijeljka between rebels and Ottoman forces. *1697 – Stockholm's royal castle (dating back to medieval times) is destroyed by fire. It is replaced in the 18th century by the current ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès (3 May 174820 June 1836), usually known as the Abbé Sieyès (), was a French Roman Catholic '' abbé'', clergyman, and political writer who was the chief political theorist of the French Revolution (1789–1799); he also held offices in the governments of the French Consulate (1799–1804) and the First French Empire (1804–1815). His pamphlet ''What Is the Third Estate?'' (1789) became the political manifesto of the Revolution, which facilitated transforming the Estates-General into the National Assembly, in June 1789. He was offered and refused an office in the French Directory (1795–1799). After becoming a director in 1799, Sieyès was among the instigators of the Coup of 18 Brumaire (9 November), which installed Napoleon Bonaparte to power. Moreover, apart from his political life, Sieyès coined the term "'' sociologie''", and contributed to the nascent social sciences.Jean-Claude Guilhaumou (2006)« Sieyès et le non-dit de la sociologie : du mot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3 May
Events Pre-1600 * 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. *1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties. *1491 – Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries, adopting the baptismal name of João I. *1568 – Angered by the brutal onslaught of Spanish troops at Fort Caroline, a French force burns the San Mateo fort and massacres hundreds of Spaniards. 1601–1900 * 1616 – Treaty of Loudun ends a French civil war. *1715 – A total solar eclipse is visible across northern Europe and northern Asia, as predicted by Edmond Halley to within four minutes accuracy. *1791 – The Constitution of May 3 (the first modern constitution in Europe) is proclaimed by the Sejm of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. *1802 – Washington, D.C. is incorporated as a city after Congress abolishes the Board of Commiss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1815 In France
Events from the year 1815 in France. Incumbents *Monarch – ** Abdicated 20 March: Louis XVIII ** 20 March – 22 June: Napoleon I ** 22 June – 7 July: Napoleon II ** Starting 8 July: Louis XVIII *Prime Minister – ** 9 July – 26 September: Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord ** Starting 26 September: Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu Events *3 January - Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia. *26 February - Napoleon escaped from Elba. *1 March - Napoleon lands at Antibes. *20 March - Napoleon arrives back in Paris, ending the First Restoration of Louis XVIII of France. *22 April - Constitutional Referendum held. *22 April - Charter of 1815 signed bringing in a new French constitution. *1 May - Explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville marries Adèle Dumont D'Urville (née Pepin) in Toulon. *16 June - Battle of Quatre Bras, inconclusive result. *16 June - Battle of Ligny, Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre-Louis Ginguené
Pierre-Louis Ginguené (25 April 1748 – 16 November 1816) was a French author. Biography He was born at Rennes, in Brittany, and educated at a Jesuit college there. He came to Paris in 1772, and wrote criticisms for the ''Mercure de France''. He also composed a comic opera, ''Pomponin'' (1777). The ''Satire des satires'' (1778) and the ''Confession de Zulmé'' (1779) followed. The ''Confession'' was claimed by several different authors and was very successful. Ginguené's defence of Niccola Piccinni against the partisans of Gluck made him more widely known. He hailed the first symptoms of the French Revolution, and joined Giuseppe Cerutti, the author of the ''Mémoire pour le peuple français'' (1788), and others in producing the ''Feuille villageoise'', a weekly paper addressed to the villages of France. He also celebrated in an indifferent ode the opening of the states-general. In his ''Lettres sur les confessions de J.-J. Rousseau'' (1791), he defended the life and princ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
27 April
Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of the more powerful Roman empresses of Late Antiquity. *711 – Islamic conquest of Hispania: Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn Ziyad land at Gibraltar to begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus). *1296 – First War of Scottish Independence: John Balliol's Scottish army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey at the Battle of Dunbar. * 1509 – Pope Julius II places the Italian state of Venice under interdict. * 1521 – Battle of Mactan: Explorer Ferdinand Magellan is killed by natives in the Philippines led by chief Lapulapu. * 1539 – Official founding of the city of Bogotá, New Granada (nowadays Colombia), by Nikolaus Federmann and Sebastián de Belalcázar. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1836 In France
Events from the year 1836 in France. Incumbents * Monarch – Louis Philippe I Events * 29 July - The Arc de Triomphe in Paris is inaugurated. * Eugène Schneider and his brother Adolphe Schneider purchase a bankrupt ironworks near the town of Le Creusot in the Burgundy region and found the steelworks and engineering company Schneider Frères & Cie. Births *3 January - Marie François Oscar Bardy de Fourtou, politician (died 1897) *14 January - Henri Fantin-Latour, painter and lithographer (died 1904) *21 February - Léo Delibes, composer (died 1891) *26 March - Mélanie de Pourtalès, salonnière and courtier (died 1914) *31 May - Jules Chéret, painter and lithographer (died 1932) *26 June - Émile Étienne Guimet, industrialist, traveller and connoisseur (died 1918) *4 October - Juliette Adam, writer (died 1936) *15 October - James Tissot, painter (died 1902) *20 December - Alfred Grandidier, naturalist and explorer (died 1921) Full date unknown *Jean Pierre Philippe L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
