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1680 In Science
The year 1680 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * 14 November NS – Great Comet of 1680 observed by Gottfried Kirch, the first comet discovered by telescope. Biology * English comparative anatomist Edward Tyson publishes ''Phocæna, or The anatomy of a porpess, dissected at Gresham Colledge'', concluding that the porpoise is a mammal. * Robert Morison publishes '' Plantarum Historiae Universalis Oxoniensis, Pars Secunda, seu Herbarum Distributio Nova per Tabulas Cognationis et Affinitatis ex Libro Naturae observata et detecta'', utilising his method of taxonomy. Chemistry * Robert Boyle manufactures phosphorus in England and uses it to ignite sulfur-tipped wooden splints, forerunners of the match. Physics * 8 July – Robert Hooke observes the nodal patterns associated with the vibrations of glass plates. Births Deaths * 17 February – Jan Swammerdam, Dutch naturalist, founder of both comparative anatomy and entomology (born 1637) * 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Technology
Technology is the application of knowledge to reach practical goals in a specifiable and reproducible way. The word ''technology'' may also mean the product of such an endeavor. The use of technology is widely prevalent in medicine, science, industry, communication, transportation, and daily life. Technologies include physical objects like utensils or machines and intangible tools such as software. Many technological advancements have led to societal changes. The earliest known technology is the stone tool, used in the prehistoric era, followed by fire use, which contributed to the growth of the human brain and the development of language in the Ice Age. The invention of the wheel in the Bronze Age enabled wider travel and the creation of more complex machines. Recent technological developments, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet have lowered communication barriers and ushered in the knowledge economy. While technology contributes to econom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cymatics
Cymatics (from grc, κῦμα, translit=kyma, translation=wave) is a subset of modal vibrational phenomena. The term was coined by Hans Jenny (1904-1972), a Swiss follower of the philosophical school known as anthroposophy. Typically the surface of a plate, diaphragm, or membrane is vibrated, and regions of maximum and minimum displacement are made visible in a thin coating of particles, paste, or liquid. Different patterns emerge in the excitatory medium depending on the geometry of the plate and the driving frequency. The apparatus employed can be simple, such as the Chinese spouting bowl, in which copper handles are rubbed and cause the copper bottom elements to vibrate. Other examples include the Chladni Plate and the so-called cymascope. History On July 8, 1680, Robert Hooke was able to see the nodal patterns associated with the modes of vibration of glass plates. Hooke ran a bow along the edge of a glass plate covered with flour, and saw the nodal patterns emerge. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1610 In Science
The year 1610 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * January 7 – Galileo Galilei first observes the four large Galilean moons of Jupiter: Ganymede, Callisto, Europa and Io, although he is unable to distinguish the latter two until the following night. In the same year he publishes his first observations by telescope in a short treatise entitled ''Sidereus Nuncius'' ("Sidereal Messenger"). * December – English scientist Thomas Harriot becomes one of the first to view sunspots through a telescope * The Orion Nebula is discovered by Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc. Medicine * Diphtheria epidemic in Naples, during which Marco Aurelio Severino performs successful tracheotomies. Technology * Jean Beguin publishes '' Tyrocinium Chymicum'', the first book of chemistry lectures. * Tinsel is invented by a German silversmith, who uses real silver for the metal strands. * Bagels are created in Krakow, Poland and given as gifts to women after ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marie Meurdrac
Marie Meurdrac ( 1610 – 1680) was a French chemist and alchemist known for writing ''La Chymie Charitable et Facile, en Faveur des Dames'' asy Chemistry for Women a treatise on chemistry aimed at common women. It is through this book that her name has survived to the present day, and scholars have argued that this was the first work on chemistry or alchemy by a woman since that of Maria the Jewess in the late classical period.Offereins, M. & Strohmeier, R. (2011). "Marie Meurdrac," in ''European Women in Chemistry'' (ed. Jan Apotheker & Livia Simon Sarkadi), Google ebook. . Historian Lucia Tosi described Meurdrac as the first woman to publish a book on early chemistry. Though she was reluctant to write, concerned about criticism from those who didn't believe women should receive an education, she was a proto-feminist, and believed that "minds have no sex." Personal life Meurdrac was born into a landowning family in Mandres-les-Roses, today a suburb of Paris. Her father was V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1630 In Science
The year 1630 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Following his recently completed Rudolphine Tables, Kepler predicts a transit of Mercury on 7 November 1631 and a transit of Venus on 6 December 1631. He writes an "admonition" to astronomers to prepare for observations on these dates, which is published after his death by Jacob Bartsch. Mathematics * Pierre de Fermat studies the curve later known as the "Witch of Agnesi". Microscopy * Francesco Stelluti's ', published in Rome, is the first book to contain images of organisms viewed through the microscope. Technology * Cornelius Drebbel produces an early form of magic lantern or slide projector. Events * The first laws prohibiting gambling in America are passed. Births * July 19 – François Cureau de La Chambre, French physician (died 1680) * September 13 – Olof Rudbeck, Swedish physiologist (died 1702) * October – Isaac Barrow, English mathematician (died 1677) * ''possible date'' â ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and methods of treatment—known as specialities—or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities—known as general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines, such as anatomy and physiology, underlying diseases and their treatment—the ''science'' of medicine—and also a decent competence in its applied practice—the art or ''craft'' of medicine. Both the role of the physician and the meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French People
The French people (french: Français) are an ethnic group and nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France. The French people, especially the native speakers of langues d'oïl from northern and central France, are primarily the descendants of Gauls (including the Belgae) and Romans (or Gallo-Romans, western European Celtic and Italic peoples), as well as Germanic peoples such as the Franks, the Visigoths, the Suebi and the Burgundians who settled in Gaul from east of the Rhine after the fall of the Roman Empire, as well as various later waves of lower-level irregular migration that have continued to the present day. The Norse also settled in Normandy in the 10th century and contributed significantly to the ancestry of the Normans. Furthermore, regional ethnic minorities also exist within France that have distinct lineages, languages and cultures such as Bretons in Brittany, Occi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Cureau De La Chambre
François Cureau de La Chambre (19 July 1630 in Le Mans - 22 March 1680 in Versailles) was a French physician during the reign of Louis XIV. Biography François was the eldest son of Marin Cureau de la Chambre (1594-1669). He obtained his medical degree at the University of Paris on 3 August 1656. He was physician of Chancellor Pierre Séguier and his family. He accompanied Armand de Camboust, duc de Coislin and the Abbé de Coislin on the court's trip to the Midi in 1659 and 1660. In 1660 he was appointed physician to Queen Maria Theresa and the children of France. In 1665, he was ordinary physician to King Louis XIV, then on 31 July 1671, after the death of his father, who held this position, and on Antoine Vallot's presentation, the King appointed him as a ''demonstrator operator of the interior of plants''"": the composition of the medicines was associated with the "interior of the plants". of the Botanical Garden ''( Jardin des Plantes)'' with a salary of 1500 livres a yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1637 In Science
The year 1637 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * René Descartes promotes intellectual rigour in '' Discours de la méthode pour bien conduire sa raison, et chercher la vérité dans les sciences'' and introduces the Cartesian coordinate system in its appendix ''La Géométrie'' (published in Leiden). * Pierre de Fermat conjectures Fermat's Last Theorem. Publications * May – Chinese encyclopedist Song Yingxing publishes his ''Tiangong Kaiwu'' ("Exploitation of the Works of Nature"). Births * February 12 – Jan Swammerdam, Dutch naturalist, pioneer of comparative anatomy and entomology (died 1680) * François Mauriceau, French obstetrician (died 1709) Deaths * June 24 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (born 1580) * May 19 – Isaac Beeckman, Dutch philosopher and scientist (born 1588) * Henry Gellibrand, English mathematician (born 1597 Events January–June * January 24 – Battle of Turnhout: Maur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomology
Entomology () is the science, scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans. This wider meaning may still be encountered in informal use. Like several of the other fields that are categorized within zoology, entomology is a taxon-based category; any form of scientific study in which there is a focus on insect-related inquiries is, by definition, entomology. Entomology therefore overlaps with a cross-section of topics as diverse as molecular genetics, behavior, neuroscience, biomechanics, biochemistry, systematics, physiology, developmental biology, ecology, morphology (biology), morphology, and paleontology. Over 1.3 million insect species have been described, more than two-thirds of all known species. Some insect species date back to around 400 million years ago. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comparative Anatomy
Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species). The science began in the classical era, continuing in the early modern period with work by Pierre Belon who noted the similarities of the skeletons of birds and humans. Comparative anatomy has provided evidence of common descent, and has assisted in the classification of animals. History The first specifically anatomical investigation separate from a surgical or medical procedure is associated by Alcmaeon of Croton. Leonardo da Vinci made notes for a planned anatomical treatise in which he intended to compare the hands of various animals including bears. Pierre Belon, a French naturalist born in 1517, conducted research and held discussions on dolphin embryos as well as the comparisons between the skeletons of birds to the skeletons of humans. His research led to modern comparative anato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
