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1659 In Science
The year 1659 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Christiaan Huygens publishes ''Systema Saturnium'', including the first illustration of the Orion Nebula. Mathematics * First known use of the term ''Abscissa'', by Stefano degli Angeli.According to Moritz Cantor. * Swiss people, Swiss mathematician Johann Rahn publishes ''Teutsche Algebra,'' containing the first printed use of the 'division sign' (÷, a repurposed obelus variant) as a mathematical symbol for division (mathematics), division and of the 'therefore sign' (∴). Medicine * Thomas Willis publishes ''De Febribus''. Physics * Christiaan Huygens derives the formula for centripedal force. Births * February 27 – William Sherard, English people, English botanist (died 1728 in science, 1728) * June 3 – David Gregory (mathematician), David Gregory, Scottish people, Scottish astronomer (died 1708 in science, 1708) Deaths * October 10 – Abel Tasman, Netherlands, Dutch explorer (bor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Sherard
William Sherard (27 February 1659 – 11 August 1728) was an English botanist. Next to John Ray, he was considered to be one of the outstanding English botanists of his day. Life He is still a little-known figure of that era coming as he did from humble origins. However, he worked hard and his education allowed him to rise in society. Sherard was born in Bushby, Leicestershire and studied at St John's College, Oxford, from 1677 to 1683. He studied botany from 1686 to 1688 in Paris under Joseph Pitton de Tournefort and was a friend and pupil of Paul Hermann in Leyden from 1688 to 1689 who also studied with Tournefort at this time. In 1690 he was in Ireland as tutor to the family of Sir Arthur Rawdon at Moira, County Down. Sherard was British Consul at Smyrna from 1703 to 1716, during which time he accumulated a fortune. When he returned to England he became a patron of other naturalists, including Johann Jacob Dillenius, Pietro Antonio Micheli, Paolo Boccone and Mark Catesby. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1659 In Science
The year 1659 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Christiaan Huygens publishes ''Systema Saturnium'', including the first illustration of the Orion Nebula. Mathematics * First known use of the term ''Abscissa'', by Stefano degli Angeli.According to Moritz Cantor. * Swiss people, Swiss mathematician Johann Rahn publishes ''Teutsche Algebra,'' containing the first printed use of the 'division sign' (÷, a repurposed obelus variant) as a mathematical symbol for division (mathematics), division and of the 'therefore sign' (∴). Medicine * Thomas Willis publishes ''De Febribus''. Physics * Christiaan Huygens derives the formula for centripedal force. Births * February 27 – William Sherard, English people, English botanist (died 1728 in science, 1728) * June 3 – David Gregory (mathematician), David Gregory, Scottish people, Scottish astronomer (died 1708 in science, 1708) Deaths * October 10 – Abel Tasman, Netherlands, Dutch explorer (bor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1603 In Science
The year 1603 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Johann Bayer publishes the star atlas ''Uranometria'', the first to cover the entire celestial sphere, and introducing a new system of star designation which becomes known as the Bayer designation. * Dutch explorer Frederick de Houtman publishes his observations of the southern hemisphere constellations. Exploration * Acadia, the French colony in North America, is founded. Mathematics * Pietro Cataldi finds the sixth and seventh perfect numbers. Medicine * Girolamo Fabrici studies leg veins and notices that they have valves which only allow blood to flow toward the heart. Institutions * August 17 – Accademia dei Lincei, the oldest scientific academy in the world, is founded in Rome by Federico Cesi. Births * September 15 – John Jonston, Polish naturalist and physician (died 1675) * Blaise Francois Pagan, French military engineer (died 1665) * Abel Tasman, Dutch explorer (died 1659) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netherlands
) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherlands , established_title2 = Act of Abjuration , established_date2 = 26 July 1581 , established_title3 = Peace of Münster , established_date3 = 30 January 1648 , established_title4 = Kingdom established , established_date4 = 16 March 1815 , established_title5 = Liberation Day (Netherlands), Liberation Day , established_date5 = 5 May 1945 , established_title6 = Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Kingdom Charter , established_date6 = 15 December 1954 , established_title7 = Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean reorganisation , established_date7 = 10 October 2010 , official_languages = Dutch language, Dutch , languages_type = Regional languages , languages_sub = yes , languages = , languages2_type = Reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abel Tasman
Abel Janszoon Tasman (; 160310 October 1659) was a Dutch seafarer, explorer, and merchant, best known for his voyages of 1642 and 1644 in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). He was the first known European explorer to reach New Zealand and the islands of Fiji and Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania). Origins and early life Abel Tasman was born around 1603 in Lutjegast, a small village in the province of Groningen, in the north of the Netherlands. The oldest available source mentioning him is dated 27 December 1631 when, as a seafarer living in Amsterdam, the 28-year-old became engaged to marry 21-year-old Jannetje Tjaers, of Palmstraat in the Jordaan district of the city. Relocation to the Dutch East Indies Employed by the Dutch East India Company (VOC), Tasman sailed from Texel (Netherland) to Batavia, now Jakarta, in 1633 taking the southern Brouwer Route. During this period, Tasman took part in a voyage to Seram Island; the locals had sold spices to othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1708 In Science
{{Science year nav, 1708 The year 1708 in science and technology involved some significant events. Physiology and medicine * Herman Boerhaave publishes ''Institutiones medicae'', one of the earliest textbooks on physiology. Technology * Calcareous hard-paste porcelain is produced at Dresden in Saxony by Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus and developed after his death (October) by Johann Friedrich Böttger. Births * January 30 – Georg Dionysius Ehret, German artist, botanist and entomologist (died 1770) * October 16 – Albrecht von Haller, Swiss physician and scientist, founder of neurology (died 1777) * October 22 – Frederic Louis Norden, Danish explorer (died 1742) * October 27 – Jean-Rodolphe Perronet, French bridge engineer (died 1794) Deaths * August 1 – Edward Tyson, English comparative anatomist (born 1651) * October 10 – David Gregory, Scottish astronomer (born 1659) * October 11 – Ehrenfried Walter von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician (born 1651) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galaxies – in either observational astronomy, observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, Sun, solar astronomy, the Star formation, origin or stellar evolution, evolution of stars, or the galaxy formation and evolution, formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers usually fall under either of two main types: observational astronomy, observational and theoretical astronomy, theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of Astronomical object, celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scottish People
The Scots ( sco, Scots Fowk; gd, Albannaich) are an ethnic group and nation native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged in the early Middle Ages from an amalgamation of two Celtic-speaking peoples, the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland (or ''Alba'') in the 9th century. In the following two centuries, the Celtic-speaking Cumbrians of Strathclyde and the Germanic-speaking Angles of north Northumbria became part of Scotland. In the High Middle Ages, during the 12th-century Davidian Revolution, small numbers of Norman nobles migrated to the Lowlands. In the 13th century, the Norse-Gaels of the Western Isles became part of Scotland, followed by the Norse of the Northern Isles in the 15th century. In modern usage, "Scottish people" or "Scots" refers to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, family ancestral or genetic origins are from Scotland. The Latin word ''Scoti'' originally referred to the Gaels, but came to describe all inhabitants of Scotland. Cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Gregory (mathematician)
David Gregory (originally spelt Gregorie) FRS (3 June 1659 – 10 October 1708) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer. He was professor of mathematics at the University of Edinburgh, and later Savilian Professor of Astronomy at the University of Oxford, and a proponent of Isaac Newton's '' Principia''. Biography The fourth of the fifteen children of David Gregorie, a doctor from Kinnairdy, Banffshire, and Jean Walker of Orchiston, David was born in Upper Kirkgate, Aberdeen. The nephew of astronomer and mathematician James Gregory, David, like his influential uncle before him, studied at Aberdeen Grammar School and Marischal College (University of Aberdeen), from 1671 to 1675. The Gregorys were Jacobites and left Scotland to escape religious discrimination. Young David visited several countries on the continent, including the Netherlands (where he began studying medicine at Leiden University) and France, and did not return to Scotland until 1683. On 28 November 1683, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1728 In Science
The year 1728 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * James Bradley uses stellar aberration (first observed in 1725) to calculate the speed of light to be approximately 301,000 km/s. * James Bradley observes nutation of the Earth's axis. Botany * September – Bartram's Garden, the oldest surviving botanic garden in North America, is established in Philadelphia by John Bartram. Exploration * July 14 – August 14 – Vitus Bering sails northward from the Kamchatka Peninsula, through the Bering Strait, and rounds Cape Dezhnev. Physiology and medicine * Pierre Fauchard publishes ''Le Chirurgien Dentiste, ou, Traité des Dents'', the first comprehensive text on dentistry, including the first description of orthodontic braces. Births * February 13 – John Hunter, Scottish surgeon, pathologist and comparative anatomist (died 1793) * March 20 – Samuel-Auguste Tissot, Swiss physician (died 1797) * April 16 – Joseph Black, Scottish p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botanist
Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word (''botanē'') meaning "pasture", " herbs" "grass", or " fodder"; is in turn derived from (), "to feed" or "to graze". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists (in the strict sense) study approximately 410,000 species of land plants of which some 391,000 species are vascular plants (including approximately 369,000 species of flowering plants), and approximately 20,000 are bryophytes. Botany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify – and later cultivate – edible, med ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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