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1634 In France
Events from the year 1634 in France. Incumbents *Monarch: Louis XIII Events January–June * January ** Franche-Comté reverts to direct rule from Spain following the previous month's death of Isabella Clara Eugenia: a political change that has been argued to mark the beginning the Ten Years' War within the Thirty Years' War. ** Edict on the nobility. * January 19 – Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine abdicates in favour of his brother Nicholas Francis at Mirecourt; on February 1 he crosses the Rhine at Breisach and retires to Besançon. * February 18 – Nicholas Francis of Lorraine marries his cousin Claude Françoise at Lunéville against the advice of the king of France; on returning to Nancy, the ducal family is arrested by French troops and held in custody. * March 2 – Battle of Wattwiller: Forces of the Swedish Empire are victorious over those of the Holy Roman Empire and Duchy of Lorraine on the plain of Cernay in Alsace. * March 6 – Hen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wattwiller
Wattwiller ( gsw, Wǎttwillr; ger, Wattweiler) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of the Grand Est region, which lies in the north-eastern part of France. Located near the Vosges mountain rocky spur of Hartmannswillerkopf, Wattwiller was a strategic village in the Alsace, and suffered attacks in or near it during the Thirty Years' War and in both World Wars. Nowadays Wattwiller is best known for its mineral water. File:Usineembouteillage33.jpg, Mineral water plant Population See also * Communes of the Haut-Rhin department The following is a list of the 366 communes of the French department of Haut-Rhin. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):Communes of Haut-Rhin {{HautRhi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumptuary Law
Sumptuary laws (from Latin ''sūmptuāriae lēgēs'') are laws that try to regulate consumption. '' Black's Law Dictionary'' defines them as "Laws made for the purpose of restraining luxury or extravagance, particularly against inordinate expenditures for apparel, food, furniture, etc." Historically, they were intended to regulate and reinforce social hierarchies and morals through restrictions on clothing, food, and luxury expenditures, often depending on a person's social rank. Societies have used sumptuary laws for a variety of purposes. They were used to try to regulate the balance of trade by limiting the market for expensive imported goods. They made it easy to identify social rank and privilege, and as such could be used for social discrimination. They could also be used to prevent, or at least reduce opportunities for political bribery and corruption. The laws often prevented commoners from imitating the appearance of aristocrats, and could be used to stigmatize disf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 16
Events Pre-1600 * 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. * 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide. * 73 – Masada, a Jewish fortress, falls to the Romans after several months of siege, ending the First Jewish–Roman War. *1346 – Stefan Dušan, "the Mighty", is crowned Emperor of the Serbs at Skopje, his empire occupying much of the Balkans. *1520 – The Revolt of the Comuneros begins in Spain against the rule of Charles V. * 1582 – Spanish conquistador Hernando de Lerma founds the settlement of Salta, Argentina. 1601–1900 *1746 – The Battle of Culloden is fought between the French-supported Jacobites and the British Hanoverian forces commanded by William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, in Scotland. After the battle many highland traditions were banned and the Highlands of Scotland were cleared of inhabitants. *1780 &n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicole, Duchess Of Lorraine
Nicole (3 October 1608 – 2 February 1657) was reigning Duchess of Lorraine and Bar from 1 August 1624 to 21 November 1625, and duchess consort of Lorraine in 1625–1634. She was born in Nancy, the daughter of Henry II, Duke of Lorraine and Bar, and Margherita Gonzaga. Early life In the absence of a son, Margherita and Henry attempted to secure the inheritance of Lorraine and Bar for their eldest daughter Nicole. Her father had no son and wanted to leave the Duchy of Lorraine to Nicole, but a supposed testament by René II of Lorraine specified that the duchy could not bypass the male lineage. However, Henry II's younger brother, Nicole's uncle Francis, Count of Vaudémont, refused Nicole's right by claiming that the Salic law applied in Lorraine. After negotiations with the male heirs, she married Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine, the eldest son of Francis, Count of Vaudémont on 23 May 1621. They had no children. Duchess regnant of Lorraine Her father of Henry II died 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 1
Events Pre-1600 * 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. *1081 – Alexios I Komnenos overthrows the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates, and, after his troops spend three days extensively looting Constantinople, is formally crowned on April 4. *1572 – In the Eighty Years' War, the ''Watergeuzen'' capture Brielle from the Seventeen Provinces, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic. 1601–1900 *1789 – In New York City, the United States House of Representatives achieves its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first Speaker. * 1833 – The Convention of 1833, a political gathering of settlers in Mexican Texas to help draft a series of petitions to the Mexican government, begins in San Felipe de Austin. * 1865 – Ameri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apostolic Nuncio To France
The Apostolic Nunciature to France is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in France. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador. History of the Nunciature The early twentieth century was a very difficult time in France-Vatican relations because of tensions over Church-State separation (laïcité) and anticlericalism, which were condemned by Pius X, and which led to the freezing of relations. However, relations were renewed after the First World War and had very much improved, after the Second World War, under the presidency of Charles de Gaulle. There was controversy over relations under the Vichy regime, because the regime rewarded the Church even though some bishops sometimes opposed antisemitism. Relations with the Sarkozy government were relatively good, given the fact that the government has announced an end to the ban on recognition of higher Christian institutions. On 30 Septembe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giorgio Bolognetti
Giorgio Bolognetti or Gregorio Bolognetti (22 December 1595 – 17 January 1680) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Rieti (1639–1660), Apostolic Nuncio to France (1634–1639), Apostolic Nuncio to Florence (1631–1634), Bishop of Ascoli Satriano (1630–1631). Biography Giorgio Bolognetti was born in Rome, Italy on 22 December 1595. On 23 September 1630, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Ascoli Satriano. On 7 October 1630, he was consecrated bishop by Luigi Caetani, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Pudenziana, with Antonio Ricciulli, Bishop Emeritus of Belcastro, and Benedetto Landi, Bishop of Fossombrone, serving as co-consecrators. On 8 November 1631, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Apostolic Nuncio to Florence. On 26 March 1634, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Apostolic Nuncio to France. On 28 February 1639, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Rie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 26
Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, is announced, along with the succession of his son, al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah. On the same day, al-Hakim's designated heir, Abd al-Rahim ibn Ilyas, is arrested in Damascus and brought to Egypt. *1027 – Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. *1169 – Saladin becomes the emir of Egypt. * 1344 – The Siege of Algeciras, one of the first European military engagements where gunpowder was used, comes to an end. * 1351 – Combat of the Thirty: Thirty Breton knights call out and defeat thirty English knights. * 1484 – William Caxton prints his translation of ''Aesop's Fables''. * 1552 – Guru Amar Das becomes the Third Sikh guru. 1601–1900 * 1636 – Utrecht University is founded in the Netherl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marguerite Of Lorraine
Marguerite of Lorraine (22 July 1615 – 13 April 1672), Duchess of Orléans, was the wife of Gaston, younger brother of Louis XIII of France. As Gaston had married her in secret in defiance of the King, Louis had their marriage nullified when it became known. On his deathbed, Louis permitted them to marry. After their remarriage, Marguerite and Gaston had five children. She was the stepmother of ''La Grande Mademoiselle''. Life Marguerite was born in Nancy, Lorraine to Francis II, Duke of Lorraine, and Countess Christina of Salm. One of six children, she grew up in Nancy which was the capital of her father's duchy. After losing her mother in 1627, she was brought up by her aunt Catherine of Lorraine—the Abbess of Remiremont. Two of her older brothers, Charles and Nicolas, were successively dukes of Lorraine. Duchess of Orléans While taking refuge from the wrath of the French prime minister, Cardinal Richelieu, Gaston, Duke of Orléans, younger brother and heir presumptive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 6
Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 – The 42 Martyrs of Amorium are killed after refusing to convert to Islam. * 961 – Byzantine conquest of Chandax by Nikephoros Phokas, end of the Emirate of Crete. *1204 – The Siege of Château Gaillard ends in a French victory over King John of England, who loses control of Normandy to King Philip II Augustus. *1323 – Treaty of Paris of 1323 is signed. * 1454 – Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of the Prussian Confederation pledge allegiance to King Casimir IV of Poland who agrees to commit his forces in aiding the Confederation's struggle for independence from the Teutonic Knights. * 1521 – Ferdinand Magellan arrives at Guam. 1601–1900 * 1665 – The first joint Secretary of the Royal Society, Henr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cernay, Haut-Rhin
Cernay (; german: Sennheim; gsw-FR, Sanna) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. It is situated on the river Thur, 17 km northwest of Mulhouse. Second World War The SS had an "ideology school" for their soldiers, where "race theory" was part of the curriculum.Verdens Gang, 2010-11-11,''Frivillig til tjeneste i helvete'' (An interview of former soldier Bjørn Lindstad),pages 44,45: "''Du gikk på SS-ideologiskole i Sennheim og beskriver detaljert i boken om raselære og jødehets. Ble du ideologisk påvirket? — Sikkert, det ville vært rart ellers. Senere erfarte vi at jøder ikke var slik propagandaen fremstilte dem.''" Population See also * Communes of the Haut-Rhin department The following is a list of the 366 communes of the French department of Haut-Rhin. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020): [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
