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1577 In Science
The following events in the fields of science and technology occurred in the year 1577. Astronomy * The Constantinople Observatory of Taqi ad-Din is completed. * The Great Comet of 1577 is seen. Tycho Brahe is able to discover from his observations that comets and similar objects travel above the Earth's atmosphere. Mechanics * Guidobaldo del Monte, Marchese del Monte, publishes ''Mechanicorum Liber'' in Pisa. Medicine * Publication of John Frampton's , an English translation from Nicolás Monardes' ''Historia medicinal de las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales'' (1565). Technology * English race-built galleon ''Revenge'' launched at the Royal Dockyard, Deptford, by Master Shipwright Mathew Baker. Births * October 3 – Fortunio Liceti, Italian Aristotelian scientific polymath (died 1657) Deaths * Pietro Andrea Mattioli, Italian physician and botanist (born 1501) * Adam von Bodenstein, Swiss alchemist and physician (born 1528 __NOTOC__ Year 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathew Baker (shipwright)
Mathew Baker (1530–1613) was one of the most renowned Tudor shipwrights, and the first to put the practice of shipbuilding down on paper. The first list of 'Master Shipwrights' appointed 'by Patent' by Henry VIII of England included 'John Smyth, Robert Holborn, Richard Bull and James Baker,' in 1537. James Baker was responsible for many of the designs and the construction of King Henry's fleet. James designed the means of mounting cannon in a ship's lower levels, rather than on the top deck, an idea credited to King Henry. Having been apprenticed to his father James, and having grown up in the surroundings of the dockyard, Mathew was appointed 'Master Shipwright' in 1572. As |
1577 In Science
The following events in the fields of science and technology occurred in the year 1577. Astronomy * The Constantinople Observatory of Taqi ad-Din is completed. * The Great Comet of 1577 is seen. Tycho Brahe is able to discover from his observations that comets and similar objects travel above the Earth's atmosphere. Mechanics * Guidobaldo del Monte, Marchese del Monte, publishes ''Mechanicorum Liber'' in Pisa. Medicine * Publication of John Frampton's , an English translation from Nicolás Monardes' ''Historia medicinal de las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales'' (1565). Technology * English race-built galleon ''Revenge'' launched at the Royal Dockyard, Deptford, by Master Shipwright Mathew Baker. Births * October 3 – Fortunio Liceti, Italian Aristotelian scientific polymath (died 1657) Deaths * Pietro Andrea Mattioli, Italian physician and botanist (born 1501) * Adam von Bodenstein, Swiss alchemist and physician (born 1528 __NOTOC__ Year 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1528 In Science
The year 1528 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Events * Paracelsus leaves Basel. Exploration * February – Diego García de Moguer explores the Sierra de la Plata along the Río de la Plata and begins to travel up the Paraná River. * November 6 – Spanish people, Spanish conquistador Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and his companions become the first Europeans known to set foot on the territory of Texas. * Jean Fernel publishes ''Cosmotheoria'', including a means of determining a degree of arc of the meridian. Medicine * May – The fourth major outbreak of the sweating sickness occurs in England, also spreading to northern Europe. Births * October 10 – Adam Lonicer, German people, German botanist, naturalist and physician (died 1586 in science, 1586) * Adam von Bodenstein, Swiss people, Swiss alchemist and physician (died 1577 in science, 1577) Deaths * April 6 – Albrecht Dürer, German artist and polymath (born 1471 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alchemist
Alchemy (from Arabic: ''al-kīmiyā''; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, ''khumeía'') is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscience, protoscientific tradition that was historically practiced in Chinese alchemy, China, Rasayana, India, the Alchemy and chemistry in medieval Islam, Muslim world, and Europe. In its Western form, alchemy is first attested in a number of pseudepigraphical texts written in Egypt (Roman province), Greco-Roman Egypt during the first few centuries AD.Principe, Lawrence M. The secrets of alchemy'. University of Chicago Press, 2012, pp. 9–14. Alchemists attempted to purify, mature, and perfect certain materials. Common aims were chrysopoeia, the transmutation of "base metals" (e.g., lead) into "noble metals" (particularly gold); the creation of an Elixir of life, elixir of immortality; and the creation of Panacea (medicine), panaceas able to cure any disease. The perfection of the human body and soul was thought to result f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss People
The Swiss people (german: die Schweizer, french: les Suisses, it, gli Svizzeri, rm, ils Svizzers) are the citizens of Switzerland or people of Swiss abroad, Swiss ancestry. The number of Swiss nationality law, Swiss nationals has grown from 1.7 million in 1815 to 8.7 million in 2020. More than 1.5 million Swiss citizens hold multiple citizenship. About 11% of citizens Swiss abroad, live abroad (0.8 million, of whom 0.6 million hold multiple citizenship). About 60% of those living abroad reside in the European Union (0.46 million). The largest groups of Swiss descendants and nationals outside Europe are found in the Swiss Americans, United States, Brazil and Swiss Canadian, Canada. Although the Switzerland as a federal state, modern state of Switzerland originated in 1848, the period of romantic nationalism, it is not a nation-state, and the Swiss are not a single ethnic group, but rather are a Confederation, confederacy (') or ' ("nation of will", "nation by choice", tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Von Bodenstein
Adam von Bodenstein (1528–1577) was a Swiss Paracelsian alchemist and physician. He was born in Kemberg near Wittenberg in Germany and died of the plague in Basel. His father, Andreas Rudolph Bodenstein von Karlstadt, was a prominent theologian and early Protestant opponent of Martin Luther. As the guiding force of early German Paracelsianism, Bodenstein published over forty Paracelsian titles from 1560, which had a tremendous influence on the later development of Paracelsianism. Since he published these texts without the knowledge of the Basel medical faculty, he was expelled from "Facultet und Consilio“ of the Basel University. Bodenstein also became, with Gerhard Dorn, Johannes Oporinus, and Michael Toxites, the most influential translator of the works of Paracelsus Paracelsus (; ; 1493 – 24 September 1541), born Theophrastus von Hohenheim (full name Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim), was a Swiss physician, alchemist, lay theologian, and philoso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1501 In Science
The year 1501 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed below. Astronomy * Nilakantha Somayaji completes his astronomical treatise ''Tantrasamgraha''. * Amerigo Vespucci maps the two stars Alpha Centauri and Beta Centauri, as well as the stars of the constellation Crux, which are below the horizon in Europe. Exploration * March 25 – Portuguese navigator João da Nova probably discovers Ascension Island. * November 1 ( All Saints) – Amerigo Vespucci discovers and names Baía de Todos os Santos in Brazil. * Gaspar Corte-Real makes the first known landing in North America by a Western European explorer this millennium. * Rodrigo de Bastidas becomes the first European to explore the Isthmus of Panama. Medicine * Continuing until 1587, a pandemic outbreak of fever, headache, sweating and black tongue spreads through Europe. Initially called ''morbus Hungaricus'' (the Hungarian disease), it will later be regarded as an outbreak of typhus. Births * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and methods of treatment—known as specialities—or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities—known as general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines, such as anatomy and physiology, underlying diseases and their treatment—the ''science'' of medicine—and also a decent competence in its applied practice—the art or ''craft'' of medicine. Both the role of the physician and the meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pietro Andrea Mattioli
Pietro Andrea Gregorio Mattioli (; 12 March 1501 – ) was a doctor and naturalist born in Siena. Biography He received his MD at the University of Padua in 1523, and subsequently practiced the profession in Siena, Rome, Trento and Gorizia, becoming personal physician of Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria in Prague and Ambras Castle, and of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor in Vienna. Mattioli described the first case of cat allergy. His patient was so sensitive to cats that if he was sent into a room with a cat he reacted with agitation, sweating and pallor. A careful student of botany, he described 100 new plants and coordinated the medical botany of his time in his ''Discorsi'' ("Commentaries") on the ''De Materia Medica'' of Dioscorides. The first edition of Mattioli's work, the Italian translation of ''De Materia Medica'', supplemented with his own commentaries, appeared in 1544 in Venice. There were several later editions in Italian. In 1554 the first edition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1657 In Science
The year 1657 in science and technology involved some significant events. Geography * Peter Heylin publishes his ''Cosmographie'', one of the earliest attempts to describe the entire world in English and the first known description of Australia. Mathematics * Christiaan Huygens writes the first book to be published on probability theory, ''De ratiociniis in ludo aleae'' ("On Reasoning in Games of Chance"). Medicine * Walter Rumsey invents the provang, a baleen instrument which he describes in his ''Organon Salutis: an instrument to cleanse the stomach.'' Technology * Christiaan Huygens patents his 1656 design for a pendulum clock and the first example is made for him by Salomon Coster at The Hague. * ''approx. date'' – The anchor escapement for clocks is probably invented by Robert Hooke. Institutions * Accademia del Cimento established in Florence. Births * February 11 – Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, French scientific populariser (died 1757) * ''approx. date' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polymath
A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. In Western Europe, the first work to use the term polymathy in its title () was published in 1603 by Johann von Wowern, a Hamburg philosopher. Von Wowern defined polymathy as "knowledge of various matters, drawn from all kinds of studies ... ranging freely through all the fields of the disciplines, as far as the human mind, with unwearied industry, is able to pursue them". Von Wowern lists erudition, literature, philology, philomathy, and polyhistory as synonyms. The earliest recorded use of the term in the English language is from 1624, in the second edition of ''The Anatomy of Melancholy'' by Robert Burton; the form ''polymathist'' is slightly older, first appearing in the ''Diatribae upon the first part of the late History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
